"EVTDESC13000_NEWS_LONG","Once the wind of Western civilization blows to the East, every blade of grass and every tree in the East follow what the Western wind brings. Off the coastlines of $COUNTRY$, strange ships have begun appearing. Strange ships, with masts so tall as to seem to touch the face of God. At first a curiosity, soon every so often -- increasing in intensity as gale grows to storm -- and tomorrow? Strange are those ships, and stranger still the customs they bring, but there can be no doubt that a policy must be adopted with regards to the foreigners from 'Europe'."
"EVTDESC13000_NEWS_MEDIUM","Off the coastlines of $COUNTRY$, strange ships have begun appearing. Strange are those ships, and stranger the customs they bring, but there can be no doubt that a policy must be adopted with regards to the foreigners from 'Europe'."
"EVTDESC13000_NEWS_SHORT","Strange are those ships, and stranger the customs they bring, but there can be no doubt that a policy must be adopted in $COUNTRY$ with regards to the foreigners from 'Europe'."
"EVTDESC13100_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: The foreigners have gone too far! Their missionaries spread false teachings, subverting our people and our national unity, they break our customs, and their opium clouds our minds. At least that is the message you will get if you ask the people in $PROVINCENAME$ where anti-foreign sentiments have been running high in the past months. Foreign trading post will be removed from $PROVINCENAME$ to discard the harmful influence, and they will not be allowed to return spread their lies and their poisons among the local population."
"EVTDESC13100_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: The foreigners have gone too far! Their missionaries spread false teachings, subverting our people and our national unity, they break our customs, and their opium clouds our minds. Anti-foreign sentiments have been running high in $PROVINCENAME$."
"EVTDESC13100_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: The foreigners have gone too far! They break our customs, and their opium clouds our minds. Anti-foreign sentiments have been running high in $PROVINCENAME$."
"EVTDESC13120_NEWS_LONG","The European governess hired to educate the court in $COUNTRY$ seems to be doing fairly well at her job, but she has been introducing some rather strange ideas around the place. For instance, she has been throwing around, in quite harsh language, the idea that all men are created equal, and that $COUNTRY$ should abolish the time-honored institution of slavery. For the locals accustomed to slavery for centuries this might sound like dangerous stuff..."
"EVTDESC13120_NEWS_MEDIUM","The European governess hired to educate the court in $COUNTRY$ seems to be doing fairly well at her job, but she has been introducing some rather strange ideas. For instance, she has been throwing around, in quite harsh language, the idea that all men are created equal."
"EVTDESC13120_NEWS_SHORT","The European governess hired to educate the court in $COUNTRY$ seems to be doing fairly well at her job, but she has been introducing some rather strange ideas around the place."
"EVTDESC13230_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: Wandering alone in the streets of $PROVINCENAME$ can be a dangerous thing, as a foreign ambassador in the Legation Quarter recently found out. Guards report having found him dead at 4 a.m. in the morning, apparently the victim of a robbery, however the foreigners accuse the local authorities of having failed in their supposed responsibility to protect their diplomats. The local authorities fear that even a formal apology will not be enough to placate them, however, something more tangible might..."
"EVTDESC13230_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: Wandering alone in the streets of $PROVINCENAME$ can be a dangerous thing, as a foreign ambassador in the Legation Quarter recently found out. Guards report having found him dead at 4 a.m. in the morning, apparently the victim of a robbery."
"EVTDESC13230_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: Wandering alone in the streets can be a dangerous thing, as a foreign ambassador found out. Guards report having found him dead at 4 a.m. in the morning, the victim of a robbery."
"EVTDESC13270_NEWS_LONG","The trade disputes between $FROMCOUNTRY$ and the Great Powers had been on-going since the latter half of the 18th century. Tensions finally escalated to the boiling point in $MONTH$ of $YEAR$, when $FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$ officials had repeatedly turned down $COUNTRY_ADJ$ requests for unlimited trade access, including a lifting of the ban on the sale of opium. The $COUNTRY_ADJ$ government, already deeply invested in a policy of confrontation, found itself with no options but to declare war, thus, the $COUNTRY_ADJ$-$FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$ Opium War begun."
"EVTDESC13270_NEWS_MEDIUM","The trade disputes between $FROMCOUNTRY$ and the Great Powers went on for a while. The $COUNTRY_ADJ$ government, already invested in a policy of confrontation, found itself with no options but to declare war, thus, the $COUNTRY_ADJ$-$FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$ Opium War begun."
"EVTDESC13270_NEWS_SHORT","The trade disputes between $FROMCOUNTRY$ and the Great Powers finally escalated to the boiling point in $MONTH$ of $YEAR$. The $COUNTRY_ADJ$-$FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$ Opium War begun."
"EVTDESC13355_NEWS_LONG","The Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as the Gardens of Perfect Brightness, is a complex of gardens northwest of the Imperial City in Beijing, China. This massive garden and palace complex was built during the 18th and early 19th centuries, and has for a long time functioned as a place of residence and office for the Qing Emperors. Today, we received news that $FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$ soldiers occupying Beijing have burnt the palace to the ground. A whole nation mourns as news of this barbarous act of culturcide spread throughout China, and the world."
"EVTDESC13355_NEWS_MEDIUM","We received news that $FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$ soldiers occupying Beijing have burnt to the ground the Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as the Gardens of Perfect Brightness. A whole nation mourns as news of this barbarous act of culturcide spread throughout China, and the world."
"EVTDESC13355_NEWS_SHORT","We received news today that $FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$ soldiers occupying Beijing have burnt to the ground the Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as the Gardens of Perfect Brightness."
"EVTDESC13356_NEWS_LONG","The Righteous Society of Harmonious fists, known colloquially as 'Boxers' - a Chinese movement dedicated to restoring the Chinese independence in face of European expansion in Asia - have carried out massacres on European missionaries and traders in China. Along with Europeans unfortunate enough to come in their path, several Chinese Christian converts have also been brutally slaughtered. The Chinese government appears unconcerned with these atrocities, and some rumors claim that the Imperial Qing government is even lending its tacit support to the movement."
"EVTDESC13356_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Righteous Society of Harmonious Fists, known as 'Boxers' have carried out massacres on European missionaries and traders in China. Along with Europeans unfortunate enough to come in their path, several Chinese Christian converts have also been brutally slaughtered."
"EVTDESC13356_NEWS_SHORT","Boxers' have carried out massacres on European missionaries and traders in China. Along with Europeans, several Chinese Christian converts have also been brutally slaughtered."
"EVTDESC13358_NEWS_LONG","The Doctrine of Lapse' was a British policy regarding Britain's Indian subject nations, the Princely States, that stated that any such nation could be immediately annexed by the British East India company if the ruler died without a direct heir, or if the ruler was found 'manifestly incompetent'. The doctrine was repudiated with the Establishment of the British Raj in 1858. Due to the tragic state of affairs that pervades the government of $FROMCOUNTRY$, the East India Company today declared that country's independence null and void."
"EVTDESC13358_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Doctrine of Lapse' was a British policy allowing to annex Britain's Indian subject nations. Due to the tragic state of affairs that pervades the government of $FROMCOUNTRY$, the East India Company today declared that country's independence null and void."
"EVTDESC13358_NEWS_SHORT","Due to the tragic state of affairs that pervades the government of $FROMCOUNTRY$, the East India Company today declared that country's independence null and void."
"westernize_nation_desc_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$ is under intellectual assault by modernity of Western World. The old traditions no longer serve as they used to. Western influences spread like wildfire. If the locals are to remain what they always have been, and not become something else entirely, now is the time to assume control of their own destiny. It has become apparent to the leading members of the intellectual elite, that the only way to turn the tide on the Western Leviathan is to swim with it, for, as Sun Tzu says: The reed that bends before the wind, also offers a form of resistance."
"westernize_nation_desc_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$ is under intellectual assault by the modernity of Western World. The old traditions no longer serve as they used to. Western influences spread like wildfire. The only way to turn the tide on the Western Leviathan is to swim with it."
"westernize_nation_desc_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$ is under intellectual assault by the modernity of Western World. The only way to turn the tide on the Western Leviathan is to swim with it."
"EVTDESC19500_NEWS_LONG","The smouldering remains of a Voortrekker wagon train were discovered by scouts near the Bushman river a few days ago. In the devastation left after what must obviously have been an attack, they have found the remains of several Afrikaaner men, women and children. Spearheads left at the site tell a clear tale. It appears as if the Impis of the Zulu, to the South-east, are behind the massacre. A military intervention against the tribe might be necessary as a response to this new threat against the Voortrekker pioneers."
"EVTDESC19500_NEWS_MEDIUM","The smouldering remains of a Voortrekker wagon train were discovered by scouts near the Bushman river a few days ago. They have found the remains of several Afrikaaner men, women and children. Spearheads left at the site tell a clear tale. The Zulu are behind the massacre."
"EVTDESC19500_NEWS_SHORT","The smouldering remains of a Voortrekker wagon train were discovered by scouts near the Bushman river. Spearheads left at the site tell a clear tale. The Zulu are behind the massacre."
"EVTDESC19501_NEWS_LONG","Migrants have been moving in large numbers through the colony on the Cape, on their way to the newly incorporated town of 'Johannesburg', on the edge of the Witwatersrand mountains, where a major gold rush is taking place. Local ancient river deltas hold unimaginable amounts of gold deposits, washed down from surrounding gold-rich greenstone belts to the north and west. The massive influx of foreign residents to the area is causing trouble along the borders, and this might become a threat to the independence of these fringe states."
"EVTDESC19501_NEWS_MEDIUM","Migrants have been moving in large numbers on their way to the newly incorporated town of 'Johannesburg', in the Witwatersrand mountains, where a major gold rush is taking place. The massive influx of foreign residents might become a threat to the independence of the fringe states."
"EVTDESC19501_NEWS_SHORT","Migrants have been moving in large numbers through the colony on the Cape, on their way to the newly incorporated town of 'Johannesburg', , where a major gold rush is taking place."
"EVTDESC22500_NEWS_LONG","A bleak day today for $COUNTRY$, as $CAPITAL$'s financial district reels from the shock of a burst speculation bubble. Real estate prices have been soaring for the past year and a half, and while some analysts have warned for quite some time that the prices have been artificially high , the matadors of the bull market have left any such warnings unheeded. In government circles, cries for increased bank and currency regulations are being heard, calling for an end to what is referred to as 'the failures of dog-eat-dog capitalism'."
"EVTDESC22500_NEWS_MEDIUM","A bleak day today for $COUNTRY$, as $CAPITAL$'s financial district reels from the shock of a burst speculation bubble. In government circles, cries for increased bank and currency regulations are being heard, calling for an end to the 'the failures of dog-eat-dog capitalism'."
"EVTDESC22500_NEWS_SHORT","A bleak day today for $COUNTRY$, as $CAPITAL$'s financial district reels from the shock of a burst speculation bubble. In government circles, cries for increased regulations are being heard."
"EVTDESC22510_NEWS_LONG","A major crash on the $CAPITAL$ stock market has devolved into something much worse entirely, following massive bank runs triggered by plummeting saver's confidence in the banking sector. Widespread unemployment, caused by entire sectors of industry failing almost overnight, soon follow. With the intertwining of the economies of the western world, the crisis quickly spreads to other countries, and the effects of the crash now reverberate around the world, in what will be known to posterity as: The $YEAR$ Great Depression."
"EVTDESC22510_NEWS_MEDIUM","A major crash on the $CAPITAL$ stock market has devolved into something much worse, following massive bank runs triggered by plummeting saver's confidence in the banking sector. Widespread unemployment, caused by entire sectors of industry failing almost overnight, soon follow."
"EVTDESC22510_NEWS_SHORT","A major crash on the $CAPITAL$ stock market has devolved into something much worse, following massive bank runs triggered by plummeting saver's confidence in the banking sector."
"EVTDESC23203_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ explorers have mapped out the source of the Nile, and have brought glory and prestige to this great country! Fighting the harsh climate and local tribes, pushing forward tirelessly along the river banks despite sickness and exhaustion plaguing their endeavour, they eventually managed to reach a large body of water which they claim to be the source of this legendary river. A detailed account of their journey was published and is believed to be the first in the western world, bestowing a great honor on the country which organised the expedition."
"EVTDESC23203_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ explorers have mapped out the source of the Nile, and have brought glory and prestige to this great country! A detailed account of their journey was published, bestowing a great honor on the country which organised the expedition."
"EVTDESC23203_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ explorers have mapped out the source of the Nile, and have brought glory and prestige to this great country as a detailed account of their journey was recently published."
"EVTDESC23207_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ explorers have been the first to raise a flag at the North Pole and have brought glory and prestige to this great country! Accompanied by four local Inuit men, Ootah, Seeglo, Egingwah, and Ooqueah, the expedition successfully reached the target that eluded so many before them. The detailed account of their navigation work leaves no doubt they are the first westerners to ever arrive there, leaving the world of science in awe of their achievement. Highest respect of international community is bestowed on the country which organised this remarkable expedition."
"EVTDESC23207_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ explorers have been the first to raise a flag at the North Pole and have brought glory and prestige to this great country! The detailed account of their navigation work leaves no doubt they are the first westerners to ever arrive at the target that eluded so many before."
"EVTDESC23207_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ explorers have been the first to raise a flag at the North Pole and have brought glory and prestige to this great country! They reach the target with help of local Inuit inhabitants."
"EVTDESC23211_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ explorers have been the first to raise a flag at the South Pole and have brought glory and prestige to this great country! The account of their journey discusses how having waited for the first hints of Spring, they set out to their destination with four sledges and fifty-two dogs. Two filled with dangers and exhaustion months later they arrived at the South Pole and marked the spot for future explorers to leave no doubt they were the first to reach it. A competing expedition was not heard from and is believed to have perished trying to reach the same goal."
"EVTDESC23211_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ explorers have been the first to raise a flag at the South Pole and have brought glory and prestige to this great country! Two filled with dangers and exhaustion months after their departure from base they arrived at the South Pole and marked the spot for future explorers."
"EVTDESC23211_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ explorers have been the first to raise a flag at the South Pole and have brought glory and prestige to this great country! After two months of struggle they arrived at the target."
"EVTDESC23213_NEWS_LONG","The $COUNTRY_ADJ$ expedition to the South Pole has awoken something horrible. In the ruins of a vast alien city they discovered things unidentifiable as either plants or animals. Things that ruled the Earth in the ancient past. Things that are returning and are filled with unspeakable hungers. The end of the world might be coming because of the overcoming curiosity of the people of our age. In this shocking discovery which undeniably threatens our very existence we learn an invaluable lesson that some things are best left untouched and some places unvisited."
"EVTDESC23213_NEWS_MEDIUM","The $COUNTRY_ADJ$ expedition to the South Pole has awoken something horrible. In the ruins of a vast alien city they discovered things unidentifiable as either plants or animals. Things that ruled the Earth in the ancient past. Things that are filled with unspeakable hungers."
"EVTDESC23213_NEWS_SHORT","The $COUNTRY_ADJ$ expedition to the South Pole has awoken something horrible. In the ruins of a vast alien city they discovered things unidentifiable as either plants or animals."
"EVTDESC1140_NEWS_LONG","Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer reports back from the Black Hills with an announcement that gold in substantial quantities has been discovered in the Dakota territory. Prospectors, miners and fortune-seekers flock to the area making it into the most populated part of the entire state. Railroads are being constructed to deliver prospectors to newly established towns and camps in formerly desolate area. But troubling reports tell of strange howls and cries coming from the hills at night. Some say that the Sioux are going on the warpath..."
"EVTDESC1140_NEWS_MEDIUM","Lt. Colonel Custer reports back from the Black Hills with an announcement that gold has been discovered in the Dakota territory. But troubling reports tell of strange howls and cries coming from the hills at night. Some say that the Sioux are going on the warpath..."
"EVTDESC1140_NEWS_SHORT","Lt. Colonel Custer reports back from the Black Hills with an announcement that gold has been discovered in the Dakota territory. But some say that the Sioux are going on the warpath..."
"EVTDESC1000_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels have published The Communist Manifesto, a short but influential document discussing the history of the society and the class struggle in various countries, which has led to workers in $COUNTRY$ to found a party dedicated to advancing the agenda laid out therein. They call themselves socialists and believe in a land ruled by the workers, where the workers not the bourgeois control the means of production. Equality, justice, solidarity and democracy are other vital points in the socialists ideology."
"EVTDESC1000_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: They call themselves socialists and believe in a land ruled by the workers, where the workers not the bourgeois control the means of production. Equality, justice, solidarity and democracy are other vital points in the socialists ideology."
"EVTDESC1000_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: They are called socialists and believe in a land where workers control means of production. Equality, justice, solidarity and democracy are vital points of their ideology."
"EVTDESC1001_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: We want, no, we NEED a free society, where no one is considered to be superior, no one is left behind and where mankind is free from oppression and scarcity. We need a society without a government, without class divisions and where the workers control the means of production. We postulate a society without division and alienation, a society without money and private property, promising overabundance of resources in the world organized according to our ideology. Distribution ought to be based on need, human association should be completely free."
"EVTDESC1001_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: We want, no, we NEED a free society, where no one is considered to be superior, no one is left behind and where mankind is free from scarcity. We need a society without a government, without class divisions and where the workers control the means of production."
"EVTDESC1001_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: We want, no, we NEED a free society, where no one is considered to be superior, no one is left behind and where mankind is free from oppression and scarcity."
"EVTDESC1002_NEWS_LONG","A group of liberals disgruntled with their lack of economic freedom, and the pace of parliamentary reform, have formed a new faction in $COUNTRY_ADJ$ politics. The Anarcho-Liberals are the revolutionary avantgarde of the liberal ideology, and they will not hesitate to use whatever means necessary to see their ideas of freedom and free trade instituted both in $COUNTRY$ and abroad. They demand a world without state compulsion with perfect individual sovereignty in a free market society organized around the principle of non-aggression."
"EVTDESC1002_NEWS_MEDIUM","A group of liberals disgruntled with their lack of economic freedom, and the pace of parliamentary reform, have formed a new faction in $COUNTRY_ADJ$ politics. The Anarcho-Liberals are the revolutionary avantgarde of the liberal ideology."
"EVTDESC1002_NEWS_SHORT","A group of liberals disgruntled with their lack of economic freedom, and the pace of parliamentary reform, have formed a new Anarcho-Liberal faction in $COUNTRY_ADJ$ politics."
"EVTDESC1003_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: 'Strength through Unity! The government has grown weak, we need a party who can unite us, who can give us a strong national identity and who will not be fooled by capitalism's sweet but poisonous voice.' The Third Way, or fascists as they might be called, are looking to get a seat in the Upper House. They claim state control must be expanded over the vital industries to ensure self-sufficiency and economic independence of the nation. Strongly opposed to all other ideologies, they don't hesitate to resort to use of violence to grow their power."
"EVTDESC1003_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: 'The government has grown weak, we need a party to unite us, to give us a strong national identity and who will not be fooled by capitalism's sweet but poisonous voice.' The Third Way, or fascists as they might be called, are looking to get a seat in the Upper House."
"EVTDESC1003_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: The Third Way, or fascists as they are called, are looking to get a seat in the Upper House. Strongly opposed to all other ideologies, they don't hesitate to resort to violence."
"EVTDESC14600_NEWS_LONG","It is unclear if there was, perhaps, something in the air that year. Some maintained it was nothing but a series of unfortunate coincidences - a convergence of catastrophes, if you will - but, whatever had caused it, $YEAR$ saw a wave of unrest spreading through the $COUNTRY_ADJ$ colonies like wildfire through a dry brushland. A wave of unrest shakes $COUNTRY_ADJ$ colonies, and they must decide on how to handle it. Concessions to the natives will come at the price of a serious loss of international face, but can they handle not giving them?"
"EVTDESC14600_NEWS_MEDIUM","It is unclear if there was, perhaps, something in the air that year. Whatever had caused it, $YEAR$ saw a wave of unrest spreading through the $COUNTRY_ADJ$ colonies like wildfire through a dry brushland."
"EVTDESC14600_NEWS_SHORT","A wave of unrest shakes $COUNTRY_ADJ$ colonies, and they must decide on how to handle it. Any concessions to the natives will come at the price of a serious loss of international face."
"EVTDESC14670_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$ is in shock, as a major European newspaper published a report today on the conditions in one of her colonies. Brutal mistreatment of natives, corporeal punishment and repeated instances of bodily mutilation have all been established means of maintaining the colonial order in the colony, in mines and on plantations, which have all been kept outside the influence of the Colonial Office through an elaborate system of bribes and corruption."
"EVTDESC14670_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$ is in shock, as a major European newspaper published a report today on the conditions in one of her colonies. Brutal mistreatment of natives, corporeal punishment and repeated instances of mutilation have all been established means of maintaining the colonial order."
"EVTDESC14670_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$ is in shock, as a major European newspaper published a report today on the conditions in one of her colonies proving brutal mistreatment of natives."
"EVTDESC14740_NEWS_LONG","With the competition for colonies constantly increasing, as European nations scramble for Africa and the World, $COUNTRY$ has done well for itself. One $COUNTRY_ADJ$ colony has, in the past few years, become internationally recognized as the model of a well managed European colony, and the attention that this colony has garnered for $COUNTRY_ADJ$ colonial policy, in the parliaments and courts of Europe, is proving a wonderful boon for $COUNTRY_ADJ$ research and international prestige."
"EVTDESC14740_NEWS_MEDIUM","One $COUNTRY_ADJ$ colony has become internationally recognized as the model of a well managed European colony, and the attention that this colony has garnered for $COUNTRY_ADJ$ colonial policy, is proving a wonderful boon for $COUNTRY_ADJ$ research and international prestige."
"EVTDESC14740_NEWS_SHORT","One $COUNTRY_ADJ$ colony has, in the past few years, become internationally recognized as the model of a well managed European colony gaining a lot of international attention."
"EVTDESC22010_NEWS_LONG","The idea of isolating offenders and breachers of the public peace from society is probably as old as time itself. Many classical systems of justice included banishment from the realm as a last resort type of punishment, reserved for serious crimes and offences, and such punishment was not seldom considered worse than a death penalty. With the growth of the European colonial empires during the 18th and 19th centuries, these ideas received a modern incarnation in the form of the penal colony. $COUNTRY$ is currently considering establishing such institutions."
"EVTDESC22010_NEWS_MEDIUM","With the growth of the European colonial empires during the 18th and 19th centuries, the ideas of isolating offenders and breachers of public peace received a modern incarnation in the form of the penal colony. $COUNTRY$ is currently considering establishing a penal colony."
"EVTDESC22010_NEWS_SHORT","The idea of isolating offenders and breachers of the public peace from society is probably as old as time itself. $COUNTRY$ is currently considering establishing of a penal colony."
"EVTDESC2510_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: The SS $CAPITAL$, a small military steamer, mysteriously sank yesterday while on port call in a foreign harbor, following a massive explosion on the starboard midship. Military Intelligence suggests that the explosion may have been caused by an overheated boiler, but the widely circulated scandal press are calling the explosion an act of sabotage and aggression by a foreign power. Local citizens are in ire over the affair, and calls for foreign blood to be spilled can be heard echoing on the streets of $CAPITAL$, the ships' namesake."
"EVTDESC2510_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: The SS $CAPITAL$, a small military steamer, mysteriously sank yesterday while on port call in a foreign harbor, following a massive explosion on the starboard midship. Some of the press are calling the explosion an act of sabotage and aggression by a foreign power."
"EVTDESC2510_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: The SS $CAPITAL$, a small military steamer, mysteriously sank yesterday while on port call in a foreign harbor, following a massive explosion on the starboard midship."
"EVTDESC23300_NEWS_LONG","Several $COUNTRY_ADJ$ ships of the merchant marine have been lost at sea over the past year to a strange phenomenon, believed by many to be a large and as of yet undiscovered species of whale. The renowned French professor of Marine Biology, the legendary Pierre Arronax, has offered to join a scientific expedition to investigate this strange beast that has taken to haunting the oceans of the world, and rumor has it that several countries are planning expeditions of their own to get to the bottom of this mystery."
"EVTDESC23300_NEWS_MEDIUM","The renowned French professor of Marine Biology, legendary Pierre Arronax, has offered to join a $COUNTRY_ADJ$ scientific expedition to investigate the strange beast that has taken to haunting the oceans of the world, and rumor has it that several countries are planning expeditions as well."
"EVTDESC23300_NEWS_SHORT","The renowned French professor of Marine Biology, Pierre Arronax, offered to join a $COUNTRY_ADJ$ expedition to investigate the strange beast that has taken to haunting the oceans of the world."
"EVTDESC23302_NEWS_LONG","The renowned French marine biologist Pierre Arronax was found washed up on the shores of $COUNTRY$. The professor was gone since joining an expedition sent out to discover the truth behind a mysterious whale said to devour ships. Arronax claims that he was washed overboard during an encounter with the creature, and that the creature was in fact a human ship, capable of under water travel. Arronax maintains that the ship was commanded by a freedom-loving vigilante who has sworn off all contact with terra firma in favor of a free life on the world's oceans."
"EVTDESC23302_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: The renowned French marine biologist Pierre Arronax claims that he was washed overboard during an encounter with a creature, and that the creature was in fact a human ship, capable of under water travel and commanded by a freedom-loving vigilante."
"EVTDESC23302_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: The renowned French marine biologist Pierre Arronax claims he was washed overboard during an encounter with a under-water ship commanded by a freedom-loving vigilante."
"EVTDESC21500_NEWS_LONG","The Tunguska explosion of 1908, which produced a devastating fireball in Siberia that destroyed forests and caused worldwide tremors, was the result of an asteroid or meteor, scientists believe. Witnesses located as far as tens of miles from the event report seeing the sky split in two parts and then filling with fire delivering unbearably high heat to their bodies, followed by repeated loud thumping sounds of multiple rocks hitting the ground. Fiery wind burned paths on the ground along the streets, the explosion was so bright it looked like a second Sun."
"EVTDESC21500_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Tunguska explosion of 1908, which produced a devastating fireball in Siberia destroying forests and causing worldwide tremors, was the result of an asteroid or meteor, scientists believe. The explosion was so bright it looked like a second Sun."
"EVTDESC21500_NEWS_SHORT","The Tunguska explosion of 1908, which produced a devastating fireball in Siberia destroying forests and causing worldwide tremors, was the result of an asteroid or meteor, scientists believe."
"EVTDESC21510_NEWS_LONG","The eruption of the Krakatau volcano and the resultant tsunami left over 36500 dead in the Dutch East Indies, and the sound of the eruption was heard 3000 miles away at Rodrigues Island in the Indian Ocean. The explosion had a tremendous global impact, with the sky darkening worldwide for years afterwards, producing intensely red sunsets and other optical effects, as well as global average temperature dropping by more than a degree Celsius. Barographs across the world were registering the pressure from the explosion for five days."
"EVTDESC21510_NEWS_MEDIUM","The eruption of the Krakatau volcano and the resultant tsunami left over 36500 dead in the Dutch East Indies, and the sound of the eruption was heard 3000 miles away at Rodrigues Island in the Indian Ocean. The explosion had a tremendous global impact."
"EVTDESC21510_NEWS_SHORT","The eruption of the Krakatau volcano and the resultant tsunami left over 36500 dead in the Dutch East Indies, and the sound of the eruption was heard 3000 miles away at Rodrigues Island."
"EVTDESC21520_NEWS_LONG","A major earthquake has struck San Francisco, California, causing widespread devastation and the loss of thousands of lives. Tremors have been reported as far away inland as Nevada, and the fire that erupted as a result of the earthquake has left the city more or less leveled. Army units are hard at work bringing in supplies to the survivors, and we can rest assured that the quake will leave its mark on public memory for generations to come."
"EVTDESC21520_NEWS_MEDIUM","A major earthquake has struck San Francisco, California, today, causing widespread devastation and the loss of thousands of lives. Tremors have been reported as far away inland as Nevada, and the fires erupting as a result of the earthquake has left the city more or less leveled."
"EVTDESC21520_NEWS_SHORT","A major earthquake has struck San Francisco, California, causing widespread devastation and the loss of thousands of lives. Fires that resulted from the earthquake have left the city leveled."
"EVTDESC23450_NEWS_LONG","The last will of the recently deceased Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel has reserved his entire fortune for the establishment of a foundation to award prizes each year to meritorious researchers in the fields of chemistry, physics, and physiology or medicine, as well as authors of groundbreaking literature and activists whose work best promotes international peace and cooperation. Widely believed to be a pacifist, Nobel issued 350 international patents and opened 90 armaments factories during his life, vastly expanding the wealth of his family."
"EVTDESC23450_NEWS_MEDIUM","The last will of the recently deceased Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel has reserved his entire fortune for the establishment of a foundation to award prizes to meritorious researchers in the fields of chemistry, physics, and physiology or medicine among others."
"EVTDESC23450_NEWS_SHORT","The last will of the recently deceased Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel reserved his fortune for the establishment of a foundation to award prizes to meritious researchers."
"EVTDESC23400_NEWS_LONG","The combination of renewed interest in Ancient Greek civilization and the idea of sport as an important part of social development led a French aristocrat, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, to propose reviving the Olympic Games as a way to promote international peace through friendly athletic competition between nations. The largest sporting event to date, the first Olympic Games hosted participants who competed in nine disciplines, including wrestling, weightlifting, fencing and cycling. Winners in each discipline received a silver medal, an olive branch and a diploma."
"EVTDESC23400_NEWS_MEDIUM","The combination of renewed interest in Ancient Greek civilization and the idea of sport as an important part of social development led a French aristocrat, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, to propose reviving the Olympic Games to promote international peace through athletic competition."
"EVTDESC23400_NEWS_SHORT","The renewed interest in Ancient Greek civilization and the idea of sport as a part of social development led a French aristocrat, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, to reviving the Olympic Games."
"EVTDESC90040_NEWS_LONG","India has risen in rebellion! A mutiny of a unit of Sepoys, native Indian soldiers in service with the western military, sparked an uprising engulfing huge areas of the subcontinent. A long list of abuses and grievances by the Company's administrators against all parts of Indian society caused a series of smaller incidents in the recent past but neither escalated as much and as quickly as the mutiny of soldiers refusing to rip off with their teeth rifle cartridges greased with animal fat, which was against their religious beliefs."
"EVTDESC90040_NEWS_MEDIUM","India has risen in rebellion! A mutiny of a unit of Sepoys, native Indian soldiers in service with the western military, sparked an uprising engulfing huge areas of the subcontinent. A long list of abuses and grievances by the Company's administrators is quoted as the cause."
"EVTDESC90040_NEWS_SHORT","India has risen in rebellion! A mutiny of a unit of Sepoys, native Indian soldiers in service with the western military, sparked an uprising engulfing huge areas of the subcontinent."
"EVTDESC17610_NEWS_LONG","The emerging fascist party in one of $COUNTRY_ADJ$ states has formed a paramilitary corps, organized with a military command chain, ideologically coherent and ready to resort to violence to do the bidding of the fascist party leaders. The group is colloquially referred to as the 'Blackshirts' from the iconic militaresque shirts that they have taken to wearing. This trend is new to $COUNTRY_ADJ$ politics, and some fear that it might lead to a chain-reaction, with other parties forming military organizations of their own to defend their members and supporters."
"EVTDESC17610_NEWS_MEDIUM","The emerging fascist party in one of $COUNTRY_ADJ$ states has formed a paramilitary corps, organized with a military command chain, ideologically coherent and ready to do the bidding of the fascist party leaders. The group is referred to as the 'Blackshirts'."
"EVTDESC17610_NEWS_SHORT","The fascist party in one of $COUNTRY_ADJ$ states formed a paramilitary corps, organized with a military command chain, ideologically coherent and ready to do the bidding of the party leaders."
"EVTDESC17630_NEWS_LONG","Reports have reached $CAPITAL$ that the Blackshirts, the paramilitary wing of the local fascist party, have begun marching down the country, toward $CAPITAL$, intent on seizing power in $COUNTRY$. The military has thus far not attempted to intervene, and we suspect that this might be due to the fact that several leading members of $COUNTRY_ADJ$ armed forces have fascist sympathies themselves. This is definitely a crisis for the young $COUNTRY_ADJ$ democracy and it is threatening stability and peace in the entire region."
"EVTDESC17630_NEWS_MEDIUM","Reports have reached $CAPITAL$ that the Blackshirts, the paramilitary wing of the local fascist party, have begun marching down the country, toward $CAPITAL$, intent on seizing power in $COUNTRY$. The military has thus far not attempted to intervene."
"EVTDESC17630_NEWS_SHORT","Reports have reached $CAPITAL$ that the Blackshirts, the paramilitary wing of the fascist party, begun marching down the country, toward $CAPITAL$, intent on seizing power in $COUNTRY$."
"EVTDESC17680_NEWS_LONG","Fascists have taken to the streets of one of $COUNTRY_ADJ$ states in a show of force for the party and its various sub-organizations. Clad in their black and brown shirts, marching in military order through the streets, drums beating, the fascists are an intimidating sight to behold. Several members of $COUNTRY_ADJ$ cabinet are suggesting that the presence of, what effectively amounts to, military units not under state control is becoming more and more of an issue, and are suggesting to outlaw paramilitary organizations."
"EVTDESC17680_NEWS_MEDIUM","Fascists have taken to the streets of one of $COUNTRY_ADJ$ states in a show of force for the party and its various sub-organizations. Clad in their black and brown shirts, marching in military order through the streets, drums beating, the fascists are an intimidating sight to behold."
"EVTDESC17680_NEWS_SHORT","Fascists have taken to the streets of one of $COUNTRY_ADJ$ states in a show of force for the party. Clad in their black and brown shirts, they are marching in military order."
"EVTDESC17560_NEWS_LONG","The red banners flutter before the winds, and people of all ages come out to watch, as socialists, communists, union members and workers of all ages come together in a protest march, all across $COUNTRY$, commemorating the deaths of several demonstrators at the Chicago Haymarket Massacre in 1886. While an annually returning celebration in almost every city in $COUNTRY$, this year's incarnation has been particularly successful in one of $COUNTRY_ADJ$ states, where an upsurge in socialist militancy and consciousness can be expected."
"EVTDESC17560_NEWS_MEDIUM","The red banners flutter before the winds, and people of all ages come out to watch, as socialists, communists, union members and workers of all ages come together in a protest march, all across $COUNTRY$, commemorating the deaths at the Chicago Haymarket Massacre in 1886."
"EVTDESC17560_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: The red banners flutter before the winds, and people of all ages come out to watch, as socialists, communists, union members and workers come together in a protest march."
"EVTDESC5001_NEWS_LONG","Uruguay have just hosted the first World Cup of Football, which was a stellar success. Even though not many countries managed to travel here from Europe, there was still great football played. Lucien Laurent of France was the first to score a World Cup goal, while the American goalkeeper Jimmy Douglas posted the first clean sheet in the tournament. Guillermo Stábile of Argentina became the first World Cup top goal scorer with 8 goals. But what was most important of all, Uruguay won the final 4-2 over Argentina in front of 93000 thrilled supporters!"
"EVTDESC5001_NEWS_MEDIUM","Uruguay have just hosted the first World Cup of Football, which was a stellar success. Even though not many countries managed to travel here from Europe, there was still great football played. Uruguay won the final 4-2 over Argentina in front of 93000 thrilled supporters!"
"EVTDESC5001_NEWS_SHORT","Uruguay have just hosted the first World Cup of Football, which was a stellar success. Even though not many countries managed to travel here from Europe, there was still great football played."
"EVTDESC5002_NEWS_LONG","Lord Stanley of Preston was very intrigued by ice hockey as he became Governor-General of the Dominion. Originally inscribed the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the trophy was donated in 1892 by him, as an award for Canada's top-ranking amateur ice hockey club. The first cup was presented to the Montreal Hockey Club who successfully defeated all challengers of the season. Lord Stanley never attended a single cup game, being recalled back to England with his term as Governor-General ending soon after the institution of the cup."
"EVTDESC5002_NEWS_MEDIUM","Lord Stanley of Preston was very intrigued by ice hockey as he became Governor-General of the Dominion. Originally inscribed the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the trophy was donated in 1892 by him, as an award for Canada's top-ranking amateur ice hockey club."
"EVTDESC5002_NEWS_SHORT","Originally inscribed the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the trophy was donated in 1892 by Lord Stanley of Preston, as an award for Canada's top-ranking amateur ice hockey club."
"EVTDESC160001_NEWS_LONG","A great rebellion has sundered all under Heaven! Hong Xiuquan claiming to have received visions naming him a younger brother to Jesus Christ, rebelled from the ruling Manchu-led Qing dynasty and established the Heavenly Kingdom in the south of China, drawing over thirty million of his subjects into one of the most bloody civil wars in history. Taiping rebels want to replace traditional Confucianism, Buddhist and Chinese folk religion with their own form of Christianity, and postulate a number of other progressive reforms like equality of women and common ownership."
"EVTDESC160001_NEWS_MEDIUM","A great rebellion has sundered all under Heaven! Hong Xiuquan claiming to have received visions naming him a younger brother to Jesus Christ, rebelled from the ruling Manchu-led Qing dynasty and established the Heavenly Kingdom in the south of China."
"EVTDESC160001_NEWS_SHORT","A great rebellion has sundered all under Heaven! Hong Xiuquan claiming to have received visions naming him a younger brother to Jesus Christ, rebelled from the ruling Manchu-led Qing dynasty."
"EVTDESC48300_NEWS_LONG","Direct news from the German duchies. Alexander Karl, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg of the House of Ascania and last member of the line of Anhalt-Bernburg, died without a direct heir. Duke Leopold IV, being the nearest relative in the succession of the Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen in 1847, becomes the successor. With this event, Anhalt is at last united under one duke."
"EVTDESC48300_NEWS_MEDIUM","Alexander Karl, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg died without a direct heir. Duke Leopold IV, being the nearest relative in the succession of the Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen in 1847, becomes the successor. Anhalt is at last united under one duke."
"EVTDESC48300_NEWS_SHORT","The Duke of Anhalt- Bernburg died without issue. Duke Leopold IV of Anhalt- Köthen, being the nearest relative in the succession, inherits the lands. Anhalt is at last united under one duke."
"EVTDESC46600_NEWS_LONG","News from our correspondent in South America, Argentina: Juan Bautista Alberdi's book, aptly named Bases for the Political Organization of the Argentine Republic, first published in 1852, the year of Juan Manuel de Rosas' defeat, is now becoming the framework for the new Argentine constitution. The Argentine constitution that Alberdi crafted was modeled on that of the United States."
"EVTDESC46600_NEWS_MEDIUM","From Argentina: Juan Bautista Alberdi's book, named Bases for the Political Organization of the Argentine Republic, is now becoming the framework for the new Argentine constitution. The Argentine constitution that Alberdi crafted was modeled on that of the United States."
"EVTDESC46600_NEWS_SHORT","Argentina: Alberdi's book, Bases for the Political Organization of the Argentine Republic, is becoming the framework for the new Argentine constitution, modeled on that of the United States."
"EVTDESC46601_NEWS_LONG","The book Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism, first published in 1845 in Argentina, uses the story of the dictator Facundo to expose an opposition between European 'civilization' and native 'barbarism'. As angry and condemning as Sarmiento was towards Facundo Quiroga, Rosas, and the people of the Pampas, there emerged in the book a wonderful, and at times admiring portrait of that part of Argentina that Sarmiento believed had to be killed off."
"EVTDESC46601_NEWS_MEDIUM","The book published in Argentina uses the story of the dictator Facundo to expose an opposition between European 'civilization' and native 'barbarism'. As condemning the book is, there emerges a wonderful portrait of a part of Argentina that Sarmiento believed had to be killed off."
"EVTDESC46601_NEWS_SHORT","The book published in Argentina exposes an opposition between European 'civilization' and native 'barbarism'. However there emerges a wonderful portrait of parts of the country condemned there."
"EVTDESC46300_NEWS_LONG","Literature news from South America, Brazil: The Brazilian poet and playwright Antonio de Castro Alves has recently published O Navio Negreiro (The Slave Ship), soon earning the sobriquet of poet of the slaves. The poem describes with terrible images and expressions the situation of African slaves taken from their homes and brought to work across the ocean in a land unknown to them. His work was influential for the abolition of slavery in Brazil."
"EVTDESC46300_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Brazilian poet Antonio de Castro Alves has recently published O Navio Negreiro (The Slave Ship), soon earning the sobriquet of poet of the slaves. The poem describes the dire situation of African slaves. His work was influential for the abolition of slavery in Brazil."
"EVTDESC46300_NEWS_SHORT","Antonio de Castro Alves published O Navio Negreiro, and soon earned the sobriquet of poet of the slaves. His work was influential for the abolition of slavery in Brazil."
"EVTDESC46301_NEWS_LONG","In 1894 the Paulista Charles Miller came back from England, where he had studied, with two footballs, a book of rules, a set of uniforms and the experience of having learned the sport invented by the English. Miller and other English residents in Sao Paulo played the first match in Brazil in 1895, with the employees of the Gas Company playing against employees of the Sao Paulo Railway. The match was played in the valley of Carmo, and the employees of the railroad company won 4-2. Since then, the interest of Brazilians for the sport has increased dramatically."
"EVTDESC46301_NEWS_MEDIUM","In 1894 the Paulista Charles Miller came back from England with two footballs, a book of rules, a set of uniforms and the experience of having learned the sport invented by the English. Since then, the interest of Brazilians for the sport has increased dramatically."
"EVTDESC46301_NEWS_SHORT","After arriving in Brazil back from England, where he learned the sport called football, the Paulista Charles Miller is causing the interest of Brazilian for the sport to increase dramatically."
"EVTDESC46302_NEWS_LONG","News from our correspondent in South America, Brazil: Francisco Sabino, a disgruntled medic turned revolutionary military officer, launched a radical revolt in the Brazilian state of Bahia, calling for the end of slavery and the redistribution of land. Reports are coming in describing skirmishes across the region against the Brazilian Imperial troops. It is rumored that the rebels are planning to take and hold the important city of Salvador."
"EVTDESC46302_NEWS_MEDIUM","Francisco Sabino, a medic turned revolutionary military officer, launched a radical revolt in the state of Bahia, calling for the end of slavery and the redistribution of land. Reports are that skirmishes are happening across the region against Brazilian Imperial troops."
"EVTDESC46302_NEWS_SHORT","Francisco Sabino, a military officer, launched a radical revolt in the Brazilian state of Bahia, calling for the end of slavery and the redistribution of land."
"EVTDESC33300_NEWS_LONG","A great tragedy! The Theater of the grand duchy of Baden burnt to the ground in Karlsruhe. Authorities say the composition of the building, mostly wood and canvas, may have contributed to the spread of the flames. The fire started during a performance and quickly caused panic amongst the spectators, who desperately tried to flee the building. However, the escape doors which opened inwards, prevented the speedy escape of all spectators. It is reported that 63 people lost their lives in this frightful disaster."
"EVTDESC33300_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Theater of the grand duchy of Baden burnt to the ground in Karlsruhe. The fire started during a performance and quickly caused panic amongst the spectators, who tried to flee the building. It is reported that 63 people lost their lives in this frightful disaster."
"EVTDESC33300_NEWS_SHORT","A great tragedy! The Theater of the grand duchy of Baden burnt to the ground in Karlsruhe. 63 people lost their lives in the disaster."
"EVTDESC34100_NEWS_LONG","Musical news: 42 choral societies from the Rhineland, Baden, Hessen, and Franconia met in Frankfurt to celebrate a three-day festival of Mozart's music. Monetary donations were gathered for the preparation of the event, and hospitable accommodations were arranged in preparation for the influx of choristers. Thousands gathered at the banks of the river Main to welcome them. Even the rooflights were filled with cheerful spectators waving handkerchiefs and rejoicing. However, the event is said to have quickly turned into a demonstration for the political unification of Germany."
"EVTDESC34100_NEWS_MEDIUM","42 choral societies from the Rhineland, Baden, Hessen, and Franconia met in Frankfurt to celebrate a three-day festival of Mozart's music. The houses were filled with spectators rejoicing. The event turned into a demonstration for the political unification of Germany, however."
"EVTDESC34100_NEWS_SHORT","42 choral societies met in Frankfurt to celebrate a three-day festival of Mozart's music. The event turned into a demonstration for the political unification of Germany, however."
"EVTDESC44100_NEWS_LONG","In 1885 Mark Twain published 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' and completely revolutionized American fiction. Up until its publication, American fiction had tended to utilize the form and language of its European predecessors. Mark Twain fired a shot in the name of linguistic independence by beautifully depicting the speech of the American illiterate and unenfranchised. The book was clearly an attempt to show how peoples of all kinds are worthy of respect due to their actions and not their status."
"EVTDESC44100_NEWS_MEDIUM","In 1885 Mark Twain published 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' and completely revolutionized American fiction. He fired a shot in the name of linguistic independence by beautifully depicting the speech of the American illiterate and unenfranchised."
"EVTDESC44100_NEWS_SHORT","In 1885 Mark Twain published 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' and revolutionized American fiction by beautifully depicting the speech of the American illiterate and unenfranchised."
"EVTDESC44101_NEWS_LONG","Engine #999 heading up the Empire State Express on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad is claimed to have been clocked at a speed of 112 miles per hour between Batavia and Buffalo. Even though sceptical reporters clocking the #999 independently declare it at best travels at 86 miles per hour in the said section of the track, it still is the most remarkable speed for a regular passenger train of the era, by far exceeding speeds achievable by other objects on wheels outside of custom built tracks for special trials."
"EVTDESC44101_NEWS_MEDIUM","Engine #999 heading up the Empire State Express on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad is claimed to have been clocked at a speed of 112 miles per hour between Batavia and Buffalo. Which is the most remarkable speed for a regular passenger train of the era."
"EVTDESC44101_NEWS_SHORT","Engine #999 heading up the Empire State Express on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad is claimed to have been clocked at a speed of 112 miles per hour between Batavia and Buffalo."
"EVTDESC44102_NEWS_LONG","Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan called for the minting of free silver, earning himself nominations from the Populist, Silver Republican, National Silver and Progressive parties, and rallying western and southern farmers to a common cause for the first time since the class wars. His endorsement was viewed by northern industrialists as an attempt to sabotage creditors and break the trusts."
"EVTDESC44102_NEWS_MEDIUM","Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan called for the minting of free silver, earning himself nominations from the Populist, Silver Republican, National Silver and Progressive parties, and rallying western and southern farmers to a common cause."
"EVTDESC44102_NEWS_SHORT","Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan called for the minting of free silver, earning himself nominations from the Populist, Silver Republican, National Silver and Progressive parties."
"EVTDESC44103_NEWS_LONG","The HMS Resolute was found adrift in the North Atlantic, after having been abandoned by the squadron in search of the lost polar explorer, Sir John Franklin. Originally a merchant barque, Resolute was refitted towards navigating in the polar waters to become a part of the expedition organized by Franklin's wife to rescue her husband. Sir Franklin and his expedition are believed to have perished to pneumonia and starvation after abandoning their ice-locked vessels. The United States bought the ship from salvagers, refitted the vessel and returned it to Great Britain."
"EVTDESC44103_NEWS_MEDIUM","The HMS Resolute was found adrift in the North Atlantic, after having been abandoned by the squadron in search of the lost polar explorer, Sir John Franklin. The United States bought the ship from salvagers, refitted the vessel and returned it to Great Britain."
"EVTDESC44103_NEWS_SHORT","The HMS Resolute was found adrift in the North Atlantic. The United States bought the ship from salvagers, refitted the vessel and returned it to Great Britain."
"EVTDESC44104_NEWS_LONG","Politician and lawyer Horace Mann began his reforms of the educational system of Massachussetts. His system of schools became a model for the entire United States. Mann was known for visiting each school in the state to learn about its situation, he's also renowned for travelling at his own expense to Europe to learn of the details of the Prussian school system. He's famed as one of the first advocates of abandoning of the corporal punishment, which sparked conflicts with many traditionally inclined teachers, the issue which in the end was resolved in his favor."
"EVTDESC44104_NEWS_MEDIUM","Politician and lawyer Horace Mann began his reforms of the educational system of Massachussetts. His system of schools became a model for the entire nation. Mann was renowned for travelling at his own expense to Europe to learn of the details of the Prussian school system."
"EVTDESC44104_NEWS_SHORT","Politician and lawyer Horace Mann began his reforms of the educational system of Massachussetts. His system of schools became a model for the entire United States."
"EVTDESC44105_NEWS_LONG","The United States Congress founded the Smithsonian Institution which reports directly to the President. Its goals were and remain the support of research and expeditions, as well as the popularization of science. A British scientist James Smithson bequeathed his wealth to the nation, and it took years of congressional haggling to come up with the institution Smithson in his will demanded to be devoted to 'increase and diffusion of knowledge among men'. Through special expeditions and voluntary donations, Smithsonian began assembling its impressive collections."
"EVTDESC44105_NEWS_MEDIUM","The United States Congress founded the Smithsonian Institution which reports directly to the President. Through special expeditions and voluntary donations, Smithsonian began assembling its impressive collections."
"EVTDESC44105_NEWS_SHORT","The United States Congress founded the Smithsonian Institution which reports directly to the President. Its goals were and remain the support of research and expeditions."
"EVTDESC44106_NEWS_LONG","Ralph Waldo Emerson's first collection of 'Essays' was published in 1841 and introduced the world to a new rather mystical, philosophy indigenous to the New World. Although many Europeans didn't consider him much of a philosopher per se, his influence on Continental thinking was unmistakable - most significantly on Nietzsche. Inspired by one of Emerson's 'Essays', the 'Nature', transcendentalism which derived principles from human's inner spiritual essence became a major cultural movement of the 1840s, though critics claimed it to be beyond reason and sanity."
"EVTDESC44106_NEWS_MEDIUM","Ralph Waldo Emerson's first collection of 'Essays' was published in 1841 and introduced a new mystical philosophy indigenous to the New World. Though many Europeans didn't consider him much of a philosopher, his influence on Continental thinking was unmistakable."
"EVTDESC44106_NEWS_SHORT","Ralph Waldo Emerson's first collection of 'Essays' was published in 1841 and introduced a new, rather mystical philosophy indigenous to the New World."
"EVTDESC44107_NEWS_LONG","In 1861 Oliver Wendell Holmes published The Common Law, a history of the common-law tradition. In it he asserted that law was not logical, but rather the will of the judge tempered by circumstances, or, as its most famous maxim put it, The Life of the law has not been logic, but experience. It quickly became a classic and Holmes was appointed to a professorship at Harvard the next year and was eventually made a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. The publication of The Common Law signalled the rise of pragmatism among American intellectuals."
"EVTDESC44107_NEWS_MEDIUM","In 1861 Oliver Wendell Holmes published The Common Law, a history of the common-law tradition. In it he asserted that law was not logical, but rather the will of the judge tempered by circumstances, or simply put, that The Life of the law has not been logic, but experience."
"EVTDESC44107_NEWS_SHORT","In 1861 Oliver Wendell Holmes published The Common Law, a history of the common-law tradition, asserting that law was not logical, but rather the will of the judge tempered by circumstances."
"EVTDESC44108_NEWS_LONG","In 1885 Ulysses S. Grant published his 'Personal Memoirs', which were a nearly complete retelling of his life. He wrote the book while suffering from throat cancer in order to try and guarantee his family a living after he died. Universally considered a masterpiece of American letters, Grant's memoirs are distinctive for their directness, clarity and economy of style. The 'Personal Memoirs' was a smashing success in its time and remains one of the few books continuously in print since the Civil War. It is probably the best book written by an American President."
"EVTDESC44108_NEWS_MEDIUM","In 1885 Ulysses S. Grant published his 'Personal Memoirs', a nearly complete retelling of his life. He wrote the book while suffering from throat cancer in order to try and guarantee his family a living after he died. It is probably the best book written by an American President."
"EVTDESC44108_NEWS_SHORT","In 1885 Ulysses S. Grant published his 'Personal Memoirs', which were a nearly complete retelling of his life, probably the best book written by an American President."
"EVTDESC44109_NEWS_LONG","Alfred Thayer Mahan published 'The Influence of Sea Power upon History', in which he analyzed the role of sea power in history, as well as discussed various strategic aspects and benefits of organizing and maintaining of a sizeable naval force. It was embraced by those interested in expanding both the US Navy, and the United States' world-wide interests. The book is lauded as the most influential piece of work regarding naval strategy. The adoption of Mahan's principles is claimed to be the direct cause of the naval arms race."
"EVTDESC44109_NEWS_MEDIUM","Alfred Thayer Mahan published 'The Influence of Sea Power upon History', in which he analyzed the role of sea power in history, as well as discussed various strategic aspects and benefits of organizing and maintaining of a sizeable naval force."
"EVTDESC44109_NEWS_SHORT","Alfred Thayer Mahan published 'The Influence of Sea Power upon History'. The adoption of Mahan's principles is claimed to be the direct cause of the naval arms race."
"EVTDESC44110_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: Responding to growing antiwar and labour conscious sentiment among conscripts and the under-classes, Congress passed an amended version of the 1799 Alien and Sedition Acts, making it illegal to protest the President and national policies in a time of war and greatly undermining foreign nationals and asylum seekers. Upheld by the Supreme Court in several landmark rulings over the next decade, the laws would persist in varying forms until overturned by the Warren Court half a century later."
"EVTDESC44110_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: Responding to growing antiwar and labour conscious sentiment among conscripts and the under-classes, Congress passed an amended version of the 1799 Alien and Sedition Acts, making it illegal to protest the President and national policies in a time of war."
"EVTDESC44110_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: Responding to growing antiwar and labour conscious sentiment among conscripts and the under-classes, Congress made it illegal to protest the President and national policies in a time of war."
"EVTDESC44111_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: Pinkerton men, who have proven themselves effective at solving train robberies and capturing counterfeiters, have now turned to working as strike-breakers and infiltrating such secret societies as the Molly Maguires. Having started as a private detective agency for various railroad companies, Pinkertons excelled at law enforcement tasks so much that in absence of funds to form a dedicated investigative agency, they were eventually hired by the Federal Government to enforce federal laws. They claim they never sleep."
"EVTDESC44111_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: Pinkerton men, who have proven themselves effective at solving train robberies and capturing counterfeiters, have now turned to working as strike-breakers and infiltrating such secret societies as the Molly Maguires. They claim they never sleep."
"EVTDESC44111_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: Pinkerton men, who have proven themselves effective at solving train robberies and capturing counterfeiters, have now turned to working as strike-breakers."
"EVTDESC44112_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: Eight teams have banded to form a clean, well-run baseball league - the Boston Red Caps, Chicago White Stockings, Cincinnati Reds, Hartford Dark Blues, Louisville Grays, New York Mutuals, Philadelphia Athletics, and St. Louis Browns. They quote corruption scandals and mismanagement in other organizations as their reason to form a new association. Uniting teams from biggest cities under one firm grasp, and playing under New York rules, this particular league is predicted to become more successful than any predecessor and outlast all its competitors."
"EVTDESC44112_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: Eight teams have banded to form a clean, well-run baseball league - the Boston Red Caps, Chicago White Stockings, Cincinnati Reds, Hartford Dark Blues, Louisville Grays, New York Mutuals, Philadelphia Athletics, and St. Louis Browns."
"EVTDESC44112_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: Eight teams have banded to form a clean, well-run baseball league. Among them the Boston Red Caps, Chicago White Stockings, St. Louis Browns and New York Mutuals."
"EVTDESC44113_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: A fire that began in the barn at the residence of Patrick O'Leary on DeKoven Street in Chicago spread throughout the business district, destroying 17,450 buildings, killing 300 people and leaving over 98,000 homeless. Brave efforts by volunteers from neighboring cities answering to desperate calls for help by Chicago's mayor were chanceless in face of uncontainable fire. The blaze, allegedly started by a cow kicking over a lantern, burnt for two days and two nights consuming most of the city, forcing a vast reconstruction effort."
"EVTDESC44113_NEWS_MEDIUM","A fire that began in the barn at the residence of Patrick O'Leary on DeKoven Street in Chicago spread throughout the business district, destroying 17,450 buildings, killing 300 people and leaving over 98,000 homeless."
"EVTDESC44113_NEWS_SHORT","A fire that began in the barn at the residence of Patrick O'Leary on DeKoven Street in Chicago spread throughout the business district, destroying 17,450 buildings."
"EVTDESC44114_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: In a thirty-second gun fight in Tombstone, Arizona, Wyatt, Morgan and Virgil Earp along with Doc Holliday, killed Billy Clanton and Tom and Bob McLaury - three members of their political rivals, the Cowboys. Bad blood between the lawmen and the cowboys began with Ike Clanton's false testimony about Holliday's alleged involvement in a stage coach robbery and murder. Repeated threats against the Earps and Holliday by Ike Clanton and his accomplices led to a shootout that left three cowboys dead and two lawmen wounded."
"EVTDESC44114_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: In a thirty-second gun fight in Tombstone, Arizona, Wyatt, Morgan and Virgil Earp along with Doc Holliday, killed Billy Clanton and Tom and Bob McLaury - three members the Cowboys. Repeated threats led to a shootout that left three cowboys dead and two lawmen wounded."
"EVTDESC44114_NEWS_SHORT","Repeated threats against the Earps and Holliday by Ike Clanton and his accomplices led to a shootout that left three cowboys dead and two lawmen wounded."
"EVTDESC44116_NEWS_LONG","By the mid-1830s a wave of religious zeal was sweeping across the USA. Driven by charismatic preachers who called for the faithful to return to the original teachings of the Bible and lead upstanding moral lives, the movement would spawn several new Protestant sects, lead to debates and schisms within established sects over points of theology and ritual, and reinforce the power and influence of Christian teachings among the lower and middle classes of the American people at a time when religious fervor in Europe was decreasing."
"EVTDESC44116_NEWS_MEDIUM","By the mid-1830s a wave of religious zeal was sweeping across the USA. Driven by charismatic preachers who called for the faithful to return to the original teachings of the Bible and lead upstanding moral lives, the movement would spawn several new Protestant sects."
"EVTDESC44116_NEWS_SHORT","By the mid-1830s a wave of religious zeal was sweeping across the USA. Driven by charismatic preachers who called for the faithful to return to the original teachings of the Bible."
"EVTDESC44117_NEWS_LONG","The rise of numerous sects within Protestant Christianity in the USA in the early 19th Century created an environment for further theological speculation. One of the most influential movements to arise from this is the American Unitarianism. Emphasizing the role of reason in understanding theology and the inherent goodness of humanity and its capability for improvement because of reason, Unitarianism might become very influential and encourage several movements of social improvement, from public education to abolitionism."
"EVTDESC44117_NEWS_MEDIUM","Emphasizing the role of reason in understanding theology and the inherent goodness of humanity and its capability for improvement because of reason, Unitarianism might encourage several movements of social improvement, from public education to abolitionism."
"EVTDESC44117_NEWS_SHORT","Emphasizing the role of reason in understanding theology, Unitarianism might encourage several movements of social improvement, from public education to abolitionism."
"EVTDESC44118_NEWS_LONG","One direct impact of the religious revival in the USA in the early nineteenth century would be the explosion in the number of voluntary organizations organized to help improve society by tackling perceived social or moral problems in society, providing comfort to the less fortunate, or promoting self-help via education. Dubbed 'The Benevolent Empire' by historians, these organizations helped provide a community infrastructure for a society rapidly expanding in numbers and being transformed by new economic forces."
"EVTDESC44118_NEWS_MEDIUM","One direct impact of the religious revival in the USA in the early nineteenth century would be the explosion in the number of voluntary organizations organized to help improve society by tackling perceived social or moral problems, providing comfort to the less fortunate."
"EVTDESC44118_NEWS_SHORT","One direct impact of the religious revival in the USA in the early nineteenth century would be the explosion in the number of voluntary organizations organized to help improve society."
"EVTDESC44119_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: As Bishop (and later Archbishop) of New York from 1842 to 1864, Edward Hughes, a grandson to Irish immigrants, would work tirelessly to integrate Roman Catholics, particularly newly-arrived immigrant Catholics, into the fabric of American society while at the same time ensuring that the institutions and assets of the Catholic Church remained firmly under the control of the Catholic hierarchy. Outspoken in his strong beliefs against abortion and slavery, he contributed over seven decades of devoted service to the church."
"EVTDESC44119_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: As Bishop (and later Archbishop) of New York from 1842 to 1864, Edward Hughes, a grandson to Irish immigrants, would work tirelessly to integrate Roman Catholics, particularly newly-arrived immigrant Catholics, into the fabric of American society."
"EVTDESC44119_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: As Bishop (and later Archbishop) of New York from 1842 to 1864, Edward Hughes, a grandson to Irish immigrants, would work tirelessly to integrate Roman Catholics."
"EVTDESC44120_NEWS_LONG","One of the impacts of the religious revival in the USA in the early 19th Century would be sustained campaigns against perceived vices by those who believed they were doing God's work by attempting to stamp out such behavior. Saloons were often a favorite targets of such crusaders, and on occasion saloons and their patrons would be physically attacked by zealots. This sentiment towards temperance was often shared by people in highest public offices of the country, leading towards a government intervention on behalf of God."
"EVTDESC44120_NEWS_MEDIUM","One of the impacts of the religious revival in the USA in the early 19th Century would be sustained campaigns against perceived vices by those who believed they were doing God's work by attempting to stamp out such behavior. Saloons were often a favorite targets of such crusaders."
"EVTDESC44120_NEWS_SHORT","One of the impacts of the religious revival in the USA would be campaigns against perceived vices by those who believed they were doing God's work by attempting to stamp out such behavior."
"EVTDESC44121_NEWS_LONG","Established in 1816 by African-American members of the Methodist community of Philadelphia, in the 1830s and 1840s the AME Church would rapidly expand its membership among both free and slave populations in the United States during the era of religious revival, providing a spiritual outlet for the African-American community completely under their own control and direction and a new platform for challenging the continued practice of slavery in the Union. 'God Our Father, Christ Our Redeemer, the Holy Spirit Our Comforter, Humankind Our Family' was their motto."
"EVTDESC44121_NEWS_MEDIUM","Established in 1816 by African-American members of the Methodist community of Philadelphia, in the 1830s and 1840s the AME Church would rapidly expand its membership among both free and slave populations in the United States during the era of religious revival."
"EVTDESC44121_NEWS_SHORT","Established in 1816 by African-American members of the Methodist community of Philadelphia, in the 1830s and 1840s the AME Church would rapidly expand its membership."
"EVTDESC46400_NEWS_LONG","The noted journalist and leader of the Colorado Party, Jose Batlle y Ordonez achieved the passage of strong legislation for political reform in Uruguay. Coming from a large family of successful politicians, Ordonez in his two terms of presidency, in what he called Batllismo, a concerted government effort against foreign imperialism, managed to introduce a series of deep reforms expanding the area of government activity, including nationalization of industries, public education, imposing higher tariffs and subsidies for the vital livestock industry."
"EVTDESC46400_NEWS_MEDIUM","The noted journalist and leader of the Colorado Party, Jose Batlle y Ordonez achieved the passage of strong legislation for political reform in Uruguay. His reforms included nationalization of industries, imposing higher tariffs and subsidies for the vital livestock industry."
"EVTDESC46400_NEWS_SHORT","The noted journalist and leader of the Colorado Party, Jose Batlle y Ordonez achieved the passage of strong legislation for political reform in Uruguay."
"EVTDESC34700_NEWS_LONG","In 1837, Albert Lortzing's best known opera, Zar und Zimmermann (Czar and Carpenter) premiered in Leipzig. Lortzing is regarded as the father of the German comedic opera, the counterpart of the romantic opera. Zar und Zimmerman's premiere wasn't received very warmly by the audience in Leipzig, but subsequent performances in Berlin and other stages of Germany were far more successful. The opera tells the story of Tsar Peter the Great travelling through Germany, Holland and England to gain knowledge of the western culture and technology in disuguise of a carpenter."
"EVTDESC34700_NEWS_MEDIUM","In 1837, Albert Lortzing's best known opera, Zar und Zimmermann (Czar and Carpenter) premiered in Leipzig. It tells the story of Tsar Peter the Great travelling through Germany and England to gain knowledge of the western technology in disuguise of a carpenter."
"EVTDESC34700_NEWS_SHORT","In 1837, Albert Lortzing's best known opera, Zar und Zimmermann (Czar and Carpenter) premiered in Leipzig. Lortzing is regarded as the father of the German comedic opera."
"EVTDESC34701_NEWS_LONG","Professor Gottfried Semper, court architect in Saxony, finished one of his masterpieces, the Dresden Opera House, which was named after him. His style was influenced by both Classicism and Renaissance styles, and not least because of his work, Dresden earned the nickname of Florence on the Elbe. Semper, an architect, professor and art critic, was renowned for his most grand projects like two museums and a theatre he built in Vienna, but also for designs of items as small as a baton for Richard Wagner."
"EVTDESC34701_NEWS_MEDIUM","Professor Gottfried Semper, court architect in Saxony, finished one of his masterpieces, the Dresden Opera House, which was named after him. His style was influenced by both Classicism and Renaissance styles."
"EVTDESC34701_NEWS_SHORT","Professor Gottfried Semper, court architect in Saxony, finished one of his masterpieces, the Dresden Opera House, which was named after him."
"EVTDESC46800_NEWS_LONG","American explorer Hiram Bingham, discovered the remains of the lost Inca city of Macchu Picchu in 1911. Constructed in the first half of the 15th century, at the height of the power of the Inca Empire, the citadel is believed to have been the estate of the Incan emperor Pachacuti, though some archeologists also suggested it might have had purely religious character. Bingham was a subject to controversy, accused by Peruvian locals of stealing their cultural heritage, when attempting to transport recovered artifacts to the United States for closer examination."
"EVTDESC46800_NEWS_MEDIUM","American explorer Hiram Bingham, discovered the remains of the lost Inca city of Macchu Picchu in 1911. Constructed in the first half of the 15th century, at the height of the power of the Inca Empire, the citadel is believed to have been the estate of the Incan emperor Pachacuti."
"EVTDESC46800_NEWS_SHORT","American explorer Hiram Bingham, discovered the remains of the lost Inca city of Macchu Picchu in 1911, dating back to the 15th century, the height of power of the Incan Empire."
"EVTDESC46801_NEWS_LONG","Agricultural fertilizer processed from guano is now in great demand in Europe and North America. The deposits of guano on $COUNTRY_ADJ$ offshore islands could become a major benefit to that nation. Native Peruvians are believed to have been visiting the islands for at least a thousand years to acquire fertilizers. The most efficient guano is produced by three species of birds, Guanay Cormorant, Peruvian Pelican and Peruvian Booby. Historians believe that Incan Emperors attributed great value to guano, restricting access to the islands and punishing people who harmed birds."
"EVTDESC46801_NEWS_MEDIUM","Agricultural fertilizer processed from guano is now in great demand in Europe and North America. Historians believe that Incan Emperors attributed great value to guano, restricting access to the islands and punishing people who harmed birds."
"EVTDESC46801_NEWS_SHORT","Agricultural fertilizer processed from guano is now in great demand in Europe and North America. The deposits of guano on $COUNTRY_ADJ$ offshore islands could become a major benefit to that nation."
"EVTDESC36700_NEWS_LONG","Hendrik Conscience, one of the most popular Flemish-language novelists of this century, has published one of his two masterpieces, 'De Vlaamse Leeuw' ('The Flemish Lion'). The other was 'De Loteling'. The novel describes the adventures of Machteld, daughter of Robrecht III van Béthune Count of Flanders, with her lover, the knight Adolf van Nieuwlandt. The historical background is the story of the oppressed Flemish population that stood up against the French oppressor in the Battle of the Golden Spurs (1302), which is being quickly adopted by the Flemish Movement."
"EVTDESC36700_NEWS_MEDIUM","The popular Flemish- language novelist Hendrik Conscience has published his masterpiece, 'De Vlaamse Leeuw' ('The Flemish Lion'). The story of the Flemish people oppressed by the French in the Battle of the Golden Spurs is quickly being adopted by the Flemish Movement."
"EVTDESC36700_NEWS_SHORT","Flemish novelist Hendrik Conscience has published 'De Vlaamse Leeuw'. The story of the oppressed Flemish in the Battle of the Golden Spurs is quickly being adopted by the Flemish Movement."
"EVTDESC36701_NEWS_LONG","The past year saw the forming of the Flemish Movement. Formed by manifesto, it was to be the voice of the Flemish inhabitants of Belgium. It evolved to be a broad gathering of different Flemish organisations: sport clubs, music groups, theaters, intellectual organisations and so on. At first, the Movement was apolitical, but over the years, its followers became more and more militant in their beliefs and convictions. Reports are that the Flemish Movement is planning to contribute to the formation of parties that will lobby for more Flemish rights in political life."
"EVTDESC36701_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Flemish Movement, formed by manifesto, was to be the voice of the Flemish people of Belgium. At first, the Movement was apolitical, but over the years, its followers became more and more militant. It is said that it may lead to the formation of Flemish parties within Belgium."
"EVTDESC36701_NEWS_SHORT","The Flemish Movement was at first largely apolitical. However over the years, it became more and more militant. It is said that it may lead to the formation of Flemish parties in Belgium."
"EVTDESC36704_NEWS_LONG","Adolphe Sax, a talented musician and instrument builder from Namur in Southern Belgium has recently revealed his newest invention: a glorious instrument that is now known as the saxophone. This unique instrument, considered part of the clarinet family, was created by Sax with the intention of being the most powerful of the woodwinds, and the most adaptive of the brass. The saxophone is gaining in popularity, being quickly adopted by musicians in Paris and later may even make the move over the Atlantic."
"EVTDESC36704_NEWS_MEDIUM","Adolphe Sax, a talented musician and instrument builder from Namur in Southern Belgium has revealed his newest invention: a glorious instrument known as the saxophone. It is being quickly adopted by musicians in Paris and later may even make the move over the Atlantic."
"EVTDESC36704_NEWS_SHORT","Adolphe Sax, an instrument builder from Namur in Belgium has recently revealed his new invention: an instrument known as the saxophone. It is being quickly adopted by musicians in Paris."
"EVTDESC36705_NEWS_LONG","The Belgian Ernest Solvay, considered one of the world's most talented chemists, invented the ammonia process (also known as the Solvay process in academic circles) for the industrial production of soda. This process is much more efficient than the currently popular and traditional Leblanc process. In this innovative new process, the combination of salt brine and limestone provides an inexpensive base for the production of soda ash. Industrial production of the product is set to start soon."
"EVTDESC36705_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Belgian Ernest Solvay, considered one of the world's most talented chemists, invented the ammonia process (also known as the Solvay process in academic circles) for the industrial production of soda. Industrial production of the product is set to start soon."
"EVTDESC36705_NEWS_SHORT","The talented Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay invented the ammonia process for the industrial production of soda. Industrial production of the product is set to start soon."
"EVTDESC36706_NEWS_LONG","Father Damiaan De Veuster, a priest from Tienen in Brabant (Belgium), departed with a ship to the island of Molokai in Hawaii to aid the lepers colony there. Many natives are being infected by diseases such as influenza, brought by foreign sailors and traders. Other diseases, such as the currently incurable leprosy, also affect a great part of the population. Father Damiaan plans to work and live with the lepers on Molokai for many years, showing true dedication to aiding those in need even though this trip may be considered a death sentence for him."
"EVTDESC36706_NEWS_MEDIUM","Father Damiaan De Veuster, a priest from Tienen in Brabant (Belgium), departed with a ship to the island of Molokai in Hawaii to aid the lepers colony there. He plans to work and live with the lepers on Molokai for many years, showing true dedication to aiding those in need."
"EVTDESC36706_NEWS_SHORT","Father Damiaan De Veuster, a Belgian priest departed to the island of Molokai in Hawaii to aid the lepers colony there. He plans to work and live with the lepers on Molokai for many years."
"EVTDESC19010_NEWS_LONG","$CAPITAL$, $COUNTRY$: A Showcase of Imperial Glory has been announced by the government of $COUNTRY$. The event will involve the $FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$ army and navy parading through the streets of $CAPITAL$ showing off their shiny buttons and tight trousers, but also demonstrating new technological advancements in the field of armaments. Prestigious cultural paraphernalia will also be in evidence, and it cannot be denied that the $FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$s do have a knack for literature, music and the arts. It is not yet known if foreign dignitaries will be invited to the event."
"EVTDESC19010_NEWS_MEDIUM","$CAPITAL$: A Showcase of Imperial Glory has been announced by $COUNTRY$. The event will involve the $FROMCOUNTRY_ADJ$ military parading through $CAPITAL$ demonstrating technological advancements in the field of armaments. Prestigious cultural paraphernalia will also be in evidence."
"EVTDESC19010_NEWS_SHORT","$CAPITAL$, $COUNTRY$: A Showcase of Imperial Glory has been announced by the government of $COUNTRY$. Sources say that it is not yet known if foreign dignitaries will be invited to the event."
"EVTDESC19030_NEWS_LONG","$CAPITAL$ - Tensions are brewing in Anatolia as the continuing decline of the Ottoman Empire destabilises the entire region. Nationalism and revolts in the Empire's non-Turkish provinces are growing concerns for the Ottoman State, and when coupled with the relative backwardness of the Empire compared to the states of Western Europe, many now seem to believe that the Empire's demise is only a question of time. Furthermore, the reputed harsh treatment of Christians in the Ottoman State have led to $FROMCOUNTRY$ declaring itself the protector of Eastern Christendom."
"EVTDESC19030_NEWS_MEDIUM","Tensions are brewing as the decline of the Ottoman Empire destabilises the region. Many now seem to believe that the Empire's demise is only a question of time. Furthermore, the treatment of Christians has led to $FROMCOUNTRY$ declaring itself be protector of Eastern Christendom."
"EVTDESC19030_NEWS_SHORT","Tensions are brewing as the decline of the Ottoman Empire destabilises the region. The treatment of Christians has led to $FROMCOUNTRY$ declaring itself the protector of Eastern Christendom."
"EVTDESC19046_NEWS_LONG","The Valley of the Kings, Egypt – A tomb which had lain undiscovered for thousands of years has been unearthed during excavations in Egypt. The body of a young man, believed to have been a Pharaoh (or King) in ancient times, was found embalmed and preserved, surrounded by many fine artefacts and wondrous riches. Speculation is mounting that this could be the greatest architectural find of the century and Universities’ Egyptology Departments are awash with fervent excitement and wonder. It is thought the ghastly mummy will be transported west for further examination."
"EVTDESC19046_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ archeologists have uncovered a tomb which had lain undiscovered for thousands of years in Egypt. The body of a young Pharaoh was surrounded by wondrous riches. Speculation is mounting that this could be the greatest architectural find of the century."
"EVTDESC19046_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ archeologists have uncovered a tomb which had lain undiscovered for thousands of years in Egypt. The body of a young Pharaoh was surrounded by wondrous riches."
"EVTDESC19310_NEWS_LONG","Peking – A sleeping giant appears to have awoken as members of diplomatic circles are in general agreement that the nation of China can now be counted among the Great Powers of the world. Chinese leaders attribute the rise in their fortunes to the fact their government enjoys the Mandate of Heaven. European leaders maintain it is because western ideas and customs were adopted in the Orient. Regardless of the cause, the potential of the Chinese leviathan is limitless and the world would do well to take notice. We advise readers to watch with growing apprehension."
"EVTDESC19310_NEWS_MEDIUM","A sleeping giant has awoken as diplomatic circles are in agreement that China can be counted among the Great Powers of the world. Chinese leaders attribute the rise in their fortunes to the Mandate of Heaven but Europeans say it is because western ideas were adopted."
"EVTDESC19310_NEWS_SHORT","Diplomatic circles agree that China can be counted among the Great Powers. Chinese leaders attribute their fortunes to the Mandate of Heaven. European leaders say western ideas are the cause."
"EVTDESC19320_NEWS_LONG","Tokyo, the land of the rising sun – the chickens appear to have come home to roost today as members of diplomatic circles are in general agreement that the nation of Japan can be counted among the great powers of the world. Since coming into contact with western influences some years ago, the industrious people of Japan have made sweeping advances in the fields of culture, industry and military prowess and can no longer be dismissed as backward savages. Geopolitical experts have expressed concerns that the new Japan could attempt expansion through Asia and beyond."
"EVTDESC19320_NEWS_MEDIUM","Diplomatic circles are in agreement that Japan can be counted among the great powers of the world. The industrious Japanese people have made sweeping advances in the fields of culture, industry and military and can now no longer be dismissed as filthy, backward savages."
"EVTDESC19320_NEWS_SHORT","Diplomatic circles now agree that Japan can be counted among the great powers of the world. The Japanese people have made sweeping advances and can no longer be dismissed as backward savages."
"EVTDESC19355_NEWS_LONG","Geopolitical scholars held a symposium last week and came to broad agreement that rises in nationalist sentiment, military pride and new and fearsome weapons of war mean that future conflicts involving many great powers are likely to fall into an entirely new category called ‘great wars’. It is likely that greater territorial changes, humiliations and national liberations will feature, though outright annexations are still considered to be unlikely. Will man’s stubbornness, ingenuity and violent nature lead to the very destruction of the earth? Only time will tell."
"EVTDESC19355_NEWS_MEDIUM","Geopolitical scholars held a symposium last week and came to broad agreement that new and fearsome weapons of war mean that future conflicts involving great powers are likely to fall into an entirely new category called great wars. Greater territorial changes seem likely now."
"EVTDESC19355_NEWS_SHORT","Geopolitical scholars held a symposium last week and came to agreement that future conflicts involving many great powers are likely to fall into an entirely new category called ‘great wars’."
"EVTDESC31100_NEWS_LONG","The archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann unearthed the remains of the lost city of Troy in Turkey! This discovery led to an explosion of talent in archaeology and captured the imagination of millions. When Schliemann excavated the hills in Hisarlik, uncovered a number of ancient cities, dating back from the Bronze Age to the Roman times. His finds at the site were named Priam's Treasure and acquired by Berlin museums. Schliemann's archeological effort was inspired by a British diplomat, Frank Calvert, who spent over six decades conducting field work in the area."
"EVTDESC31100_NEWS_MEDIUM","The archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann unearthed the remains of the lost city of Troy in Turkey! This discovery led to an explosion of talent in archaeology and captured the imagination of millions. His finds at the site were named Priam's Treasure and acquired by Berlin museums."
"EVTDESC31100_NEWS_SHORT","The archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann unearthed the remains of the lost city of Troy in Turkey! This discovery led to an explosion in archaeology and captured the imagination of millions."
"EVTDESC31102_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ position in Istanbul is no longer secure. They decided on moving their government to a more secure land-locked location in Ankara. One of the world's oldest cities, Ankara is famed to be founded by the mythical Phrygian king Midas, though historians argue the settlement to be older than Phrygian rule and date first traces of construction there to the earlier Hatti civilisation. Ottoman, Byzantine and Roman architecture dominating the old parts of the city proves Ankara's continuing cultural and commercial importance through the ages."
"EVTDESC31102_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ position in Istanbul is no longer safe. They decided to move their government to a more secure location in Ankara. Ottoman, Byzantine and Roman architecture dominating the old parts of the city proves its continuing cultural and commercial importance through the ages."
"EVTDESC31102_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY_ADJ$ position in Istanbul is no longer secure. They decided on moving their government to a more secure land-locked location in Ankara."
"EVTDESC31307_NEWS_LONG","Elisabeth von Wittelsbach, the Empress of Austria, was assassinated by an Italian Anarchist, Luigi Lucheni. This horrible act occurred in the Hotel Beau-Rivage in Geneva. ""I am an anarchist by conviction. I came to Geneva to kill a sovereign, with object of giving an example to those who suffer and those who do nothing to improve their social position. It did not matter to me who the sovereign was whom I should kill. It was not a woman I struck, but an Empress. It was a crown that I had in view."" he is quoted to have said, explaining the atrocity he committed."
"EVTDESC31307_NEWS_MEDIUM","Elisabeth von Wittelsbach, the Empress of Austria, was assassinated by an Italian Anarchist, Luigi Lucheni. This horrible act occurred in the Hotel Beau-Rivage in Geneva. ""It was not a woman I struck, but an Empress. It was a crown that I had in view."" he later explained."
"EVTDESC31307_NEWS_SHORT","Elisabeth von Wittelsbach, the Empress of Austria, was assassinated by an Italian Anarchist, Luigi Lucheni. This horrible act occurred in the Hotel Beau-Rivage in Geneva."
"EVTDESC31308_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: The Zimmerwald conference of the Socialist International was the first such meeting to follow the outbreak of the Great War in August of 1914. The horrendous casualties produced by the fighting led delegates to denounce the war as the result of imperialism and called upon workers to resist its prosecution. Many prominent leaders of the Socialist movement gathered for this meeting, including Lazzari and Modigliani from Italy, Lenin and Bobrow from Russia, the Germans Ledebour and Hoffmann, French socialists Bourderon and Merrheim and many more."
"EVTDESC31308_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: The Zimmerwald conference of the Socialist International was the first such meeting to follow the outbreak of the Great War in August of 1914. The horrendous casualties produced by the fighting led delegates to denounce the war as the result of imperialism."
"EVTDESC31308_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: The Zimmerwald conference of the Socialist International was the first such meeting to follow the outbreak of the Great War in August of 1914."
"EVTDESC31310_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: 16 countries signed the Geneva Convention to improve the lot of soldiers wounded during combat. As a symbol they chose a reversal of the Swiss flag: A red cross on white ground. After four decades of peace following the fall of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1818, his nephew's campaign in Northern Italy in 1859 was a shocking sight for many observers. Henri Dunant, a Swiss businessman and relief activist, having witnessed the terrible conditions of tens of thousands of wounded soldiers in Italy, proposed a set of international laws to ease their suffering."
"EVTDESC31310_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: 16 countries signed the Geneva Convention to improve the lot of soldiers wounded during combat. Henri Dunant, a Swiss businessman and relief activist, proposed a set of international laws to ease their suffering."
"EVTDESC31310_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: 16 countries signed the Geneva Convention to improve the lot of soldiers wounded during combat. As a symbol they chose a reversal of the Swiss flag: A red cross on white ground."
"EVTDESC36600_NEWS_LONG","The Swedish soprano Jenny Lind was born in 1820 in Stockholm. She made her debut in the opera 'Der Freischütz' in Stockholm in 1838, and during the mid-1840s her fame grew as she made a series of appearances in Europe and the USA. Jenny Lind was the first Swedish mega-star, famous for her exquisitely expressive singing and incredible vocal technique and her sincere, natural and unassuming ways. Through her concerts and opera appearances she earned a fortune, of which she donated large sums to charity."
"EVTDESC36600_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Swedish soprano Jenny Lind was born in 1820 in Stockholm. She made her debut in the opera 'Der Freischütz' in Stockholm in 1838, and during the mid-1840s her fame grew as she made a series of successful appearances in Europe and the USA."
"EVTDESC36600_NEWS_SHORT","The Swedish soprano Jenny Lind made her debut in the opera 'Der Freischütz' in Stockholm in 1838, and during the 1840s her fame grew as she made a series of appearances in Europe and the USA."
"EVTDESC36611_NEWS_LONG","Swedish author, August Strindberg (1849-1912) was one of the most talented personalities of world literature. Playwright, novelist, and short-story writer, his work exhibited a fury and genius that combined naturalism, psychology and mysticism. 'The Red Room' brought him to fame in 1879. It satirized the institutions and conditions of Sweden in the late 1870s. A multifaceted man, Strindberg possessed a fanatic hatred of the emancipated woman, was interested in science and the occult and also tried his hand at painting, photography and alchemy!"
"EVTDESC36611_NEWS_MEDIUM","Swedish author, August Strindberg (1849-1912) was one of the most talented personalities of world literature. Playwright, novelist, and short-story writer, his work exhibited a fury and genius that combined naturalism, psychology and mysticism."
"EVTDESC36611_NEWS_SHORT","Swedish author, August Strindberg (1849-1912) was one of the most talented personalities of world literature. Playwright, novelist, and short-story writer, his work exhibited fury and genius."
"EVTDESC37700_NEWS_LONG","To consolidate the budget, the $COUNTRY_ADJ$ government in Madrid ordered that Church properties be confiscated and sold without any compensation. The Catholic Church's tax privileges were also revoked, while in turn the state agreed to assume the costs of church upkeep. Many liberals perceived the Church to have been siding with Carlists in the recent civil war, and considered the confiscation and sale of vastly underused and mostly monastic property to be an act of justice, as well as an opportunity to encourage productive use of that land."
"EVTDESC37700_NEWS_MEDIUM","To consolidate the budget, the $COUNTRY_ADJ$ government in Madrid ordered that Church properties be confiscated and sold without any compensation. The Catholic Church's tax privileges were also revoked, while in turn the state agreed to assume the costs of church upkeep."
"EVTDESC37700_NEWS_SHORT","To consolidate the budget, the $COUNTRY_ADJ$ government in Madrid ordered that Church properties be confiscated and sold without any compensation."
"EVTDESC37701_NEWS_LONG","Native Venezuelan General Narciso López was executed by the Spanish colonial authorities in Cuba. He had landed with a small group of men, trying to incite a revolt that would turn Cuba over to the USA, but failed due to lack of support from the population. Brutal treatment of military prisoners by the Spanish sparked a wave of outrage in both southern and northern states of the USA, even among those who didn't support the expedition. López's endeavour, despite its catastrophic outcome, inspired a number of other fillibusters across Latin America."
"EVTDESC37701_NEWS_MEDIUM","Native Venezuelan General Narciso López was executed by the Spanish colonial authorities in Cuba. He had landed with a small group of men, trying to incite a revolt that would turn Cuba over to the USA, but failed due to lack of support from the population."
"EVTDESC37701_NEWS_SHORT","Native Venezuelan General Narciso López was executed by the Spanish colonial authorities in Cuba. He had landed with a small group of men, trying to turn Cuba over to the USA."
"EVTDESC37706_NEWS_LONG","Spanish painter Pablo Picasso abandoned the conventional ideas of painting and began using a far more conceptual style, influenced by sculpture and African art. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he spent the most of his life in France. He inspired and developed a wide variety of different styles, among others, he is renowned for co-founding of the Cubist movement. Born with remarkable talent, Picasso painted realistically through his childhood and adolescence, to advance to more abstract and experimental forms later in his life."
"EVTDESC37706_NEWS_MEDIUM","Spanish painter Pablo Picasso abandoned the conventional ideas of painting and began using a far more conceptual style. Born with remarkable talent, he painted realistically through his childhood and adolescence, to advance to more abstract and experimental forms later in his life."
"EVTDESC37706_NEWS_SHORT","Spanish painter Pablo Picasso abandoned the conventional ideas of painting and began using a far more conceptual style, influenced by sculpture and African art."
"EVTDESC32500_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: One of the most influential writers in modern Russian literature, who brought Russia to par with the rest of Europe, Pushkin was known for works like 'Eugen Onegin', 'Boris Godunow', and 'The Captain's Daughter'. Out of favor with the court, and sinking deeper in debt, he died from his wounds in February 1837 after a duel with a French immigrant, an alleged lover of his wife Natalya. Tsarist administration moved and restricted his funeral fearing a political demonstration."
"EVTDESC32500_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: One of the most influential writers in modern Russian literature, who brought Russia to par with the rest of Europe, Pushkin was known for works like 'Eugen Onegin', 'Boris Godunow', and 'The Captain's Daughter'."
"EVTDESC32500_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: One of the most influential writers in Russian literature, who brought Russia to par with the rest of Europe, Pushkin was known for works like 'Eugen Onegin' or 'Boris Godunow'."
"EVTDESC32505_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: In 1880, Fyodor Dostoevsky completed his magnum opus, 'The Brothers Karamazov'. One of the most arresting works in the entire history of literature, 'The Brothers Karamazov' was a comedy that developed the major themes of Dostoevsky's post-Socialist career as a writer. A comedy, perhaps, but arguably the most serious comedy ever written. Dostoevsky's works were hugely influential not only in Russia but also throughout the West, and not only in literary circles, but in philosophical and religious ones as well."
"EVTDESC32505_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: In 1880, Fyodor Dostoevsky completed his magnum opus, 'The Brothers Karamazov'. Dostoevsky's works were hugely influential not only in Russia but also throughout the West, and not only in literary circles, but in philosophical and religious ones as well."
"EVTDESC32505_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: In 1880, Fyodor Dostoevsky completed his magnum opus, 'The Brothers Karamazov'. Dostoevsky's works were hugely influential in Russia and throughout the West."
"EVTDESC35700_NEWS_LONG","Vatican, Rome: Pope Leo XIII's encyclical on the 'Rights and Duties of Capital and Labour' began with the words 'Rerum Novarum'. In the encyclical's analysis, the spirit of socialist revolutionary change had begun to pervade ever more areas. The causes of the conflict, it claimed, were clear: The vast expansion of industrial pursuits, the changed relations between masters and workmen, the accumulation of enormous fortunes by a few individuals and the utter poverty of the masses, and the prevailing moral degeneracy."
"EVTDESC35700_NEWS_MEDIUM","Vatican, Rome: Pope Leo XIII's encyclical on the 'Rights and Duties of Capital and Labour' warned that caused by the utter poverty of the masses and prevailing moral degeneracy, the spirit of socialist revolutionary change had begun to pervade ever more areas."
"EVTDESC35700_NEWS_SHORT","Vatican, Rome: Pope Leo XIII's encyclical on the 'Rights and Duties of Capital and Labour' warned that the spirit of socialist revolutionary change had begun to pervade ever more areas."
"EVTDESC38500_NEWS_LONG","The first Omani vessel to sail to the New World, the Sultana arrived in New York in 1840, bringing the personal representative of Sultan Sayyid Said ibn Sultan to trade with America and to meet with the American government. Having deprived his brother of joint rule, Sayyid ibn Sultan moved the capital from Muscat, Oman to Stone Town, Zanzibar. He's renowned for very active foreign policy seeking trade treaties with the United Kingdom, France and the USA. Per London's request he outlawed slavery among his subjects, one of key industries in Oman prior to his rule."
"EVTDESC38500_NEWS_MEDIUM","The first Omani vessel to sail to the New World, the Sultana arrived in New York in 1840, bringing the personal representative of Sultan Sayyid Said ibn Sultan to trade with America and to meet with the American government."
"EVTDESC38500_NEWS_SHORT","The first Omani vessel to sail to the New World, the Sultana arrived in New York in 1840, bringing the personal representative of Sultan Sayyid Said ibn Sultan to trade with America."
"EVTDESC36400_NEWS_LONG","Edvard Munch (1863-1944), a Norwegian painter, was instrumental to the development of Expressionism and Symbolism. His works shook the higher classes of society to such a degree that at first they were banned. His paintings raised awareness of the horrid conditions of society's less fortunate. 'Unlike other artists, he sees what is essential, and that he paints' a friend defended him. Done in four different versions, the most famed of Munch's works, his iconic painting 'The Scream', sold for the record highest nominal price ever paid at an auction."
"EVTDESC36400_NEWS_MEDIUM","Edvard Munch (1863-1944) was instrumental to the development of Expressionism and Symbolism. His works shook the higher classes of society to such a degree that at first they were banned. His paintings raised awareness of the horrid conditions of society's less fortunate."
"EVTDESC36400_NEWS_SHORT","Edvard Munch (1863-1944) was instrumental to the development of Expressionism and Symbolism. His works shook the higher classes of society to such a degree that at first they were banned."
"EVTDESC36401_NEWS_LONG","Farmer's son and teacher Ivar Aasen (1813-1896) saw need for a reformation of the Norwegian written language, which up to this point had been Danish. By means of several journeys across the country made through small villages and farming communities, he created the grammar and a dictionary for a 'new' Norwegian language. Although his codification of the spoken language did little to educate the people he sought to help, many of his poems became popular songs. Just before his death his new language received official recognition by the Norwegian parliament."
"EVTDESC36401_NEWS_MEDIUM","Farmer's son and teacher Ivar Aasen (1813-1896) saw need for a reformation of the Norwegian written language, which up to this point had been Danish. He created the grammar and a dictionary for a 'new' Norwegian language. Many of his poems became popular songs."
"EVTDESC36401_NEWS_SHORT","Farmer's son and teacher Ivar Aasen (1813-1896) saw need for a reformation of the Norwegian written language, which up to this point had been Danish. He created the 'new' Norwegian language."
"EVTDESC44000_NEWS_LONG","With the opening of Hawaii to outside influence, new diseases arrived to plague the islands. Leprosy was among the scourges, and fearing the disease was highly communicable, a leper colony has been established on the island of Molokai to quarantine the victims. A Belgian missionary, Father Damien, has offered his services to oversee the colony and ensure its operation for the benefit of the victims. Considered a martyr of charity, he died of the disease himself, contracting it after sixteen years of rendering aid to the sick."
"EVTDESC44000_NEWS_MEDIUM","With the opening of Hawaii to outside influence, new diseases arrived to plague the islands. Leprosy was among the scourges, and fearing the disease was highly communicable, a leper colony has been established on the island of Molokai to quarantine the victims."
"EVTDESC44000_NEWS_SHORT","With the opening of Hawaii to outside influence, new diseases arrived to plague the islands. Leprosy was among the scourges. A leper colony has been established on the island of Molokai."
"EVTDESC36204_NEWS_LONG","In 1848, slaves in the Danish Virgin Islands rebelled. The Governor, Peter von Scholten, decided to free them, rather than use force to crush the rebellion. Von Scholten cited an 1847 law that stated that all babies born to slaves were to be free as the reason for displeasure leading to the uprising. Scholar's agree his living with Anna Heegaard, a woman of color, influenced his views on the subject. Von Scholten's action met with considerable resistance from planters. He was recalled to Denmark and put on trial, but he was later exonerated by the Supreme Court."
"EVTDESC36204_NEWS_MEDIUM","In 1848, slaves in the Danish Virgin Islands rebelled. The Governor, Peter von Scholten, decided to free them, rather than use force to crush the rebellion. He was recalled to Denmark and put on trial, but he was later exonerated by the Supreme Court."
"EVTDESC36204_NEWS_SHORT","In 1848, slaves in the Danish Virgin Islands rebelled. The Governor, Peter von Scholten, decided to free them, rather than use force to crush the rebellion."
"EVTDESC36217_NEWS_LONG","Danish writer and philosopher Kierkegaard published his work 'Either - Or' in 1843. Kierkegaard is generally regarded as the first existentialist philosopher. 'God is not like a human being, it is not important for God to have visible evidence so that he can see if his cause has been victorious or not, he sees in secret just as well. He is who will help you to learn anew, so that you are weaned from the worldly point of view that insists on visible evidence', he once said, explaining his theological views."
"EVTDESC36217_NEWS_MEDIUM","Danish writer and philosopher Kierkegaard published his work 'Either - Or' in 1843. 'It is not important for God to have visible evidence so that he can see if his cause has been victorious or not, he sees in secret just as well.', he once said, explaining his theological views."
"EVTDESC36217_NEWS_SHORT","Danish writer and philosopher Kierkegaard published his work 'Either - Or' in 1843. Kierkegaard is generally regarded as the first existentialist philosopher."
"EVTDESC90900_NEWS_LONG","After years of humiliating treaties, exploitation and intimidation, $COUNTRY$ now stands as equal to the western powers. The dragon is awaken and might shake the world. As the establishment of schools and industries is picking up its speed, the reforms in the army and the navy bring them to equal status with their western counterparts, and reforms of the institutions allow the state to govern more effectively, the Chinese with their vast resources and population might soon find themselves among the great powers of this world."
"EVTDESC90900_NEWS_MEDIUM","After years of humiliating treaties, exploitation and intimidation, $COUNTRY$ now stands as equal to the western powers. The dragon is awaken and might shake the world. The Chinese might soon find themselves among the great powers of this world."
"EVTDESC90900_NEWS_SHORT","After years of humiliating treaties, exploitation and intimidation, $COUNTRY$ now stands as equal to the western powers. The dragon is awaken and might shake the world."
"EVTDESC90902_NEWS_LONG","China has fractured. What once stood as one has fallen apart, dividing the resources and the people. What could have been a great power, now will at best become a number of regional powers competing between each other more than competing together against the west, a set of puppets to western ploys more than a strong state rejecting them with its strength and unity. The West doesn't calm though, through industrial and military power one of the smaller states might yet rise above others and rally them under its banners to awaken the dragon and shake the world."
"EVTDESC90902_NEWS_MEDIUM","China has fractured. What once stood as one has fallen apart, dividing the resources and the people. What could have been a great power, now will at best become a number of regional powers competing between each other more than competing together against the west."
"EVTDESC90902_NEWS_SHORT","China has fractured. What once stood as one fell apart, dividing the resources and the people. What could have been a great power, turned into regional powers competing against each other."
"EVTDESC37201_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: The Arc de Triomphe in Paris, commissioned by Napoléon Bonaparte and designed by Jean Chalgrin, was unveiled in 1836 after thirty years of construction. Inspired by the triumphal arches of the Romans, the monument displays scenes from the French Revolutionary war and Napoléon's successes. The largest triumphal arch to date, located on the right bank of the Seine in the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues, it stands 50 metres high, 45 metres wide and 22 metres deep."
"EVTDESC37201_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: The Arc de Triomphe in Paris, commissioned by Napoléon Bonaparte, was unveiled in 1836 after thirty years of construction. Inspired by the triumphal arches of the Romans, the monument displays scenes from the French Revolutionary war and Napoléon's successes."
"EVTDESC37201_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: The Arc de Triomphe in Paris, commissioned by Napoléon Bonaparte and designed by Jean Chalgrin, was unveiled in 1836 after thirty years of construction."
"EVTDESC37204_NEWS_LONG","The body of Napoléon Bonaparte, who died in 1821 on St. Helena, was exhumed and returned to France in December 1840. During the first days after his funeral in the Dôme des Invalides in Paris, hundreds of thousands paid him their respects. In his last will Bonaparte pleaded to be buried 'on the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the French people [he] loved so much'. Buried with the very sword he wore at Austerlitz and Marengo, Napoléon's body rested in a sacrophagus placed on two slabs of marble in a round crypt without a ceiling."
"EVTDESC37204_NEWS_MEDIUM","The body of Napoléon Bonaparte, who died in 1821 on St. Helena, was exhumed and returned to France in December 1840. During the first days after his funeral in the Dôme des Invalides in Paris, hundreds of thousands paid him their respects."
"EVTDESC37204_NEWS_SHORT","The body of Napoléon Bonaparte, who died in 1821 on St. Helena, was exhumed and returned to France in December 1840. Hundreds of thousands paid him their respects."
"EVTDESC37213_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: In 1835 Alexis de Tocqueville published his 'Democracy in America', which was immediately recognized as a classic in both America and France. In it he remarked on the litigiousness and religiosity of Americans, something that remains a puzzle to Europeans today. Tocqueville is one of the few historians with more than one 'classic' to his credit. His other great work, 'The Old Regime and the French Revolution', was published in 1856 just three years before his death."
"EVTDESC37213_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: In 1835 Alexis de Tocqueville published his 'Democracy in America', which was immediately recognized as a classic in both America and France. He is one of the few historians with more than one 'classic' to his credit."
"EVTDESC37213_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: In 1835 Alexis de Tocqueville published his 'Democracy in America', which was immediately recognized as a classic in both America and France."
"EVTDESC37216_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: In 1894, a handwritten bordereau was discovered by a French spy in the German embassy, containing secret French military documents. Suspicion fell upon the Jewish captain Alfred Dreyfus, and he was convicted by court-martial and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. Dreyfus protested his innocence denying authorship of the bordereau, but to no avail."
"EVTDESC37216_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: In 1894, a handwritten bordereau was discovered by a French spy in the German embassy, containing secret French military documents. Suspicion fell upon the Jewish captain Alfred Dreyfus, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island."
"EVTDESC37216_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: In 1894, the Jewish captain Alfred Dreyfus was sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. Dreyfus protested his innocence, but to no avail."
"EVTDESC37217_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: In 1896, Colonel Picquart discovered evidence pointing to Major Esterhazy as having been the true author of the bordereau that Dreyfus had been convicted for having written, but in a court-martial the Major was acquitted in minutes. In an open letter to the French President, Emile Zola accused the judges who acquitted Esterhazy of having being ordered to do so by the Ministry of War. Later in 1898, it was found that much of the evidence against Dreyfus had been forged."
"EVTDESC37217_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: In 1896, Colonel Picquart discovered evidence pointing to Major Esterhazy as having been the true author of the bordereau, but in a court-martial the Major was acquitted in minutes. Emile Zola accused the judges of having being ordered to do so by the Ministry of War."
"EVTDESC37217_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: In 1896, Colonel Picquart discovered evidence pointing to Major Esterhazy as having been the true author of the bordereau that Dreyfus had been convicted for having written."
"EVTDESC37218_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: As the evidence against Dreyfus was shown to have been faked, his case was referred to the Court of Appeals in 1899. Outrage followed after he was once again found guilty by a military court, the establishment refusing to admit its earlier mistake. Although he was pardoned by the President and later exonerated in 1906, the result of the whole affair increased anticlericalism, antimilitarism, and united the French left."
"EVTDESC37218_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: As the evidence against Dreyfus was shown to have been faked, his case was referred to the Court of Appeals in 1899. Outrage followed after he was once again found guilty by a military court, the establishment refusing to admit its earlier mistake."
"EVTDESC37218_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: As the evidence against Dreyfus was shown to have been faked, his case was referred to the Court of Appeals in 1899. Outrage followed after he was once again found guilty."
"EVTDESC37220_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: A miller's daughter, 14-year-old Bernadette Soubirous had her first vision of Saint Mary in a cave near Lourdes, on the northern side of the Pyrenees. Though being private apparitions, and not public revelations, following a canonical investigation, in 1864 her visions were officially recognized by the Catholic Church, and Lourdes became one of the most important destinations for pilgrimage by Catholics. The water from the spring Virgin Mary pointed Bernadette to is believed to have healing abilities if combined with a prayer."
"EVTDESC37220_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: A miller's daughter, 14-year-old Bernadette Soubirous had her first vision of Saint Mary in a cave near Lourdes, on the northern side of the Pyrenees. In 1864 her visions were officially recognized by the Catholic Church."
"EVTDESC37220_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: A miller's daughter, 14-year-old Bernadette Soubirous had her first vision of Saint Mary in a cave near Lourdes, on the northern side of the Pyrenees."
"EVTDESC31502_NEWS_LONG","At the age of 67, Emperor Franz I of Austria-Hungary died, whereupon his mentally and physically impaired son Ferdinand I ascended the throne. Because of Ferdinand's inabilities, a so-called Geheime Regierungskonferenz (Secret Government Conference) including Klemens Wenze and Fürst Metternich assumed day-to-day control of the government for him. Regents insisted on new emperor's legitimacy and declared him fit for rule with their guidance. Ferdinand's single coherent order is quoted to have been 'I am the emperor and I want dumplings'."
"EVTDESC31502_NEWS_MEDIUM","At the age of 67, Emperor Franz I of Austria-Hungary died, whereupon his mentally and physically impaired son Ferdinand I ascended the throne. Regents Klemens Wenze and Fürst Metternich assumed day-to-day control of the government for him."
"EVTDESC31502_NEWS_SHORT","At the age of 67, Emperor Franz I of Austria-Hungary died and his mentally and physically impaired son Ferdinand I ascended the throne. Regents assumed control of the government for him."
"EVTDESC31504_NEWS_LONG","The Serb Ilya Garashanin demanded in his writing 'Natshertanye' ('Draft') the unity of all southern Slavs in the struggle against their Austrian and Ottoman oppressors. Inspired by the German and French models for a nation, attempting to tackle difficult international situation of the Serbian people, his writings became the programme for the southern Slav nationalist movement and guided Garashanin's decisions throughout his career, but failed to garner wide popular support, being kept secret until much later in his life."
"EVTDESC31504_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Serb Ilya Garashanin demanded in his writing 'Natshertanye' ('Draft') the unity of all southern Slavs in the struggle against their Austrian and Ottoman oppressors. His writings became the programme for the southern Slav nationalist movement."
"EVTDESC31504_NEWS_SHORT","The Serb Ilya Garashanin demanded in his writing 'Natshertanye' ('Draft') the unity of all southern Slavs in the struggle against their Austrian and Ottoman oppressors."
"EVTDESC31505_NEWS_LONG","Bavarian Princess Elisabeth, called Sisi, married the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1854. Her unconventional ways, often in total disregard for etiquette, endeared her to her people. Brought up in a very unrestrained and unrestricted environment of the court of her father, Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria, she often skipped lessons to ride in the countryside. Charmed by Elisabeth's personality and beauty, Franz Joseph I broke up his betrothal to her older and more pious sister, defying his mother and demanding Sisi to be his wife, no other."
"EVTDESC31505_NEWS_MEDIUM","Bavarian Princess Elisabeth, called Sisi, married the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1854. Her unconventional ways, often in disregard for etiquette, endeared her to her people. Charmed by Elisabeth's personality and beauty, Franz Joseph demanded Sisi to be his wife, no other."
"EVTDESC31505_NEWS_SHORT","Bavarian Princess Elisabeth, called Sisi, married the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1854. Her unconventional ways, often in disregard for etiquette, endeared her to her people."
"EVTDESC35000_NEWS_LONG","With the current war pitting Great Britain against Germany, the British cousins of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha decided to repudiate them to save their own reputation! They are now known as the House of Windsor, and all family ties with the Duke and his family have now been severed. A prominent prince of the German nobility was reported as saying: 'I am not surprised. Alas I have better things to do, such as watching Shakespeare's play The Merry Wives of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha'. It is this reporter's opinion that the Germans may indeed have a certain sense of humour."
"EVTDESC35000_NEWS_MEDIUM","With the current war pitting Great Britain against Germany, the British cousins of Saxe-Coburg- Gotha decided to repudiate them to save their own reputation! They are now known as the House of Windsor, and all family ties with the Duke and his family have now been severed."
"EVTDESC35000_NEWS_SHORT","With the current war against Germany, the British Royal family decided to repudiate their connections with the House of Saxe-Coburg- Gotha and are now known as the House of Windsor!"
"EVTDESC33400_NEWS_LONG","In Donaustauf near Regensburg in Bavaria, the Walhalla, a classicist monument fashioned after Greek temples and named after the legendary afterworld of Norse mythology, has been inaugurated last week. This magnificent memorial is a notorious landmark situated above the River Danube, which is so great in size and glory that can be seen from afar. In this hall of fame busts of famous Germans are displayed for the public, not only the slain warriors as in its mythological namesake, but also scientists, writers and artists, both men and women."
"EVTDESC33400_NEWS_MEDIUM","In Donaustauf near Regensburg in Bavaria, the Walhalla, a classicist monument fashioned after Greek temples and named after the legendary afterworld of Norse mythology, has been inaugurated last week. In this hall of fame busts of famous Germans are displayed for the public."
"EVTDESC33400_NEWS_SHORT","In Donaustauf, Bavaria, a monument named Walhalla, fashioned after Greek temples has been opened last week. In this hall of fame busts of famous Germans are displayed for the public."
"EVTDESC33401_NEWS_LONG","News from our correspondent in Bavaria: Scandal! The affair of King Ludwig I's with the dancer Lola Montez, who he had made a countess, proved to finally be the end of his reign. Eliza Rosanna Gilbert (her real name), until now officially Countess of Landsfeld, has been Ludwig's mistress since 1846 and quite unpopular amongst the locals, who were against her aspirations of being naturalised as a Bavarian citizen and elevated to the traditional nobility. Conservative-Catholic circles protested and objected so strongly to their relationship that he had to abdicate."
"EVTDESC33401_NEWS_MEDIUM","News from Bavaria: Scandal! The affair of King Ludwig I's with the dancer Lola Montez, who he had made a countess, proved to finally be the end of his reign. Conservative-Catholic circles protested and objected so strongly to their relationship that he had to abdicate."
"EVTDESC33401_NEWS_SHORT","Bavaria: Scandal! The affair of King Ludwig I's with the dancer Lola Montez proved to be the end of his reign. After objections from Conservative- Catholic circles, he had to abdicate."
"EVTDESC33402_NEWS_LONG","News from our correspondent in Bavaria: The New Pinacotheque opened its door to the public this week in Munich. Built by architects Friedrich von Gärtner and August von Voit at the orders of King Ludwig, the focus of the works in its magnificent collection is the so-called 'Modern Art' in contrast with the collection of the Old Masters in the Old Pinacotheque, founded in 1836. Highlights of the collection are King Ludwig's favourite works of the Munich School and the German Romanticism."
"EVTDESC33402_NEWS_MEDIUM","News from Bavaria: The New Pinacotheque opened its door to the public this week in Munich. Built by architects Friedrich von Gärtner and August von Voit at the orders of King Ludwig I, the focus of the works in its magnificent collection is the so-called Modern Art."
"EVTDESC33402_NEWS_SHORT","The New Pinacotheque opened its door to the public this week in Munich, Bavaria. Built at the orders of King Ludwig I, the focus of the works in its collection is the 'Modern Art'."
"EVTDESC33403_NEWS_LONG","The composer Richard Wagner has completed construction of the Festspielhaus in Bayreuth. Since 1871 Wagner has kept an eye on the area for his dream of building the perfect installation for a stage festival play, and shortly thereafter his plans had an eventful start, with a plot of land being donated by the city of Bayreuth. It is envisioned that a festival devoted to performing great German works of the theatre will be held there each year. Its first premiere: 'The Ring of the Nibelung' by Wagner himself."
"EVTDESC33403_NEWS_MEDIUM","The composer Richard Wagner has completed construction of the Festspielhaus in Bayreuth. It is envisioned that a festival devoted to performing great German works of the theatre will be held there each year. Its first premiere: 'The Ring of the Nibelung' by Wagner himself."
"EVTDESC33403_NEWS_SHORT","The composer Richard Wagner has completed construction of the Festspielhaus in Bayreuth. A festival devoted to performing great German works of the theatre will be held there each year."
"EVTDESC34600_NEWS_LONG","Adolph Diesterweg, a German educator working as director of the state-schools of Berlin, has recently laid down principles for the teaching of children that aims at making them conscious, thinking, responsible citizens. However, his ideas are considered by many to be very controversial due to his strong conviction that neither Church nor Politics should have influence on the education. His objective is said to be the true professionalisation of the teaching occupation. Because of this debatable liberal mindset, he runs the risk of soon being suspended."
"EVTDESC34600_NEWS_MEDIUM","Adolph Diesterweg, a German educator, has recently laid down principles for the teaching of children that aims at making them conscious, thinking, responsible citizens. However, his ideas are considered to be very controversial and it is said they may even get him suspended."
"EVTDESC34600_NEWS_SHORT","Adolph Diesterweg, a German educator, has recently laid down principles for the teaching of children that aims at making them conscious, thinking, and responsible citizens."
"EVTDESC34601_NEWS_LONG","This month the German poet Hoffmann von Fallersleben published his poem Deutschlandlied, written on the island of Helgoland. This poem evokes the desire of a united and free Germany, which still seems like a distant dream for many unification revolutionaries in Prussia and all over the small German monarchical states and free cities. Combined with the melody of the Austrian Joseph Haydn's 'Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser', liberals say is fitting to say that one day it should become the German national anthem."
"EVTDESC34601_NEWS_MEDIUM","This month the German poet Hoffmann von Fallersleben published his poem Deutschlandlied. Combined with the melody of the Austrian Joseph Haydn's Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, it is fitting to say that one day it should become the German national anthem."
"EVTDESC34601_NEWS_SHORT","Hoffmann von Fallersleben publishes his poem Deutschlandlied, that combined with the melody 'Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser', is said by liberals to be ideal for a true German national anthem."
"EVTDESC34602_NEWS_LONG","News from Prussia: Last Sunday, King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia died, almost 70 years old. After his rise to the throne in 1797, he became well known for his endeavours to restore the morality and dignity of his dynasty, perceived to have been tainted during his father's reign. His reign was also marked by the events of the Napoleonic Wars and the peculiar influence of his wife, Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, in both his personal life and politics of Prussia. His eldest son Friedrich Wilhelm IV, a romantic, succeeds him on the throne."
"EVTDESC34602_NEWS_MEDIUM","Last Sunday, King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia died, almost 70 years old. His reign was marked by the events of the Napoleonic Wars and the peculiar influence of his wife Luise both in his personal and political life. His eldest son, a romantic, succeeds him on the throne."
"EVTDESC34602_NEWS_SHORT","News from Prussia: Last Sunday, King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia died, almost 70 years old. His eldest son Friedrich Wilhelm IV, a romantic, succeeds him on the throne."
"EVTDESC34603_NEWS_LONG","News from Prussia: Berlin saw the opening of Germany's first zoological garden this month, with a wide array of exotic animals on display. King Friedrich Wilhelm IV was convinced by Martin Hinrich Lichtenstein, zoologist of the University of Berlin, to donate the land plot for this garden from part of the king's pheasantry in the Berliner Tiergarten. The king also provided a loan and the donation of the first animals from his menagerie and pheasantry.  Other such gardens already exist in London and Antwerp and are becoming very popular in Europe."
"EVTDESC34603_NEWS_MEDIUM","Berlin saw the opening of Germany's first zoological garden this month, with a wide array of exotic animals on display. The first animals were donated by the King Frederick William IV from his menagerie and pheasantry. Other such gardens already exist in London and Antwerp."
"EVTDESC34603_NEWS_SHORT","Berlin saw the opening of Germany's first zoological garden this month, with a wide array of exotic animals on display. Other such gardens already exist in London and Antwerp."
"EVTDESC34604_NEWS_LONG","After elaborate preparations, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV issued a cabinet order, effective next month, in which Jews are ordered to present an official declaration of a chosen last name within fourteen days. This will become the person's family name, which will be inherited by any children they may have in the future. Until now, there was no official regulation regarding the establishment of fixed family names for Jews in all German territories. They are now also obliged to serve in the military."
"EVTDESC34604_NEWS_MEDIUM","A Prussian law, effective next month and issued by the king himself, orders Jews to take fixed family names within 14 days, which will be inherited by any children they may have. They are now also obliged to serve in the military."
"EVTDESC34604_NEWS_SHORT","A Prussian law, effective next month, orders Jews to take fixed and inheritable family names within 14 days. They are now also obliged to serve in the military."
"EVTDESC34605_NEWS_LONG","The Prussian astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle announced this week the discovery of the planet Neptune. The existence of this new planet was confirmed by Galle after observations regarding the orbit perturbation of the planet Uranus. These were noticed by his french colleague Urbain Le Verrier, who asked him to look at a certain portion of the sky to find a possible new planetary body. After doing so, Galle and his assistant Heinrich Louis d'Arrest observed an unknown new star of Magnitude 8 around the predicted position, which was confirmed to be the new planet."
"EVTDESC34605_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Prussian astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle announced this week the discovery of the planet Neptune. The existence of this new planet was confirmed by Galle after observations regarding the perturbation of the planet Uranus, predicted by his french colleague Urbain Le Verrier."
"EVTDESC34605_NEWS_SHORT","The Prussian astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle announced this week the discovery of the planet Neptune, after observations of orbit perturbation of the planet Uranus, predicted by Le Verrier."
"EVTDESC34606_NEWS_LONG","The Merry Wives of Windsor', a comedic opera based on Shakespeare's play of the same name, premiered this week at the Royal Opera House in Berlin, Prussia. The opera by Carl Otto Ehrenfried Nicolai with a German libretto by Hermann Salomon Mosenthal is composed of three acts and has a length of approximately two and a half hours. The music was composed in the period of three years by Nicolai and is already considered by overjoyed critics to be a masterpiece, who also praise it as being Otto Nicolai's biggest success so far."
"EVTDESC34606_NEWS_MEDIUM","The Merry Wives of Windsor', a comedic opera in three acts based on Shakespeare's play of the same name, premiered this week at the Royal Opera House in Berlin, Prussia. Critics are overjoyed and praise it as being Otto Nicolai's biggest success so far."
"EVTDESC34606_NEWS_SHORT","The comedic opera 'The Merry Wives of Windsor', based on Shakespeare's play of the same name, premiered in Berlin. Critics mention that it is Otto Nicolai's biggest success so far."
"EVTDESC34607_NEWS_LONG","News from Prussia: The Krupp company in Essen introduced a health insurance fund for all of their 970 workers. Membership is being imposed as mandatory by the company's management. This move is seen by many as very advanced and progressive for this era, perhaps even having the potential of being a model for future governmental social reforms that could benefit the population, while others see it as pure socialist nonsense and a crass violation of the employees' personal freedom."
"EVTDESC34607_NEWS_MEDIUM","News from Prussia: The Krupp company in Essen introduced a health insurance fund for all of their 970 workers. Membership is being imposed as mandatory by the company's management. Many see this move as progressive, while others see it as pure socialist nonsense."
"EVTDESC34607_NEWS_SHORT","News from Prussia: The Krupp company in Essen introduced a health insurance fund for all of their 970 workers. Membership is being imposed as mandatory by the company's management."
"EVTDESC34608_NEWS_LONG","News from our correspondent in Berlin: Following Britain's lead, this month the government of Prussia, under the influence of some religious and social figures, passed a law strictly regulating the amount of child labour that was possible during the year. Up to this point all efforts to approve legislation limiting child labour were met with fierce resistance by many politicians who saw such laws as a threat that could hamper industrial growth. Although a milestone in this regard, many see it only as the first step against the abuse of children as cheap workforce."
"EVTDESC34608_NEWS_MEDIUM","News from our correspondent in Berlin: Following Britain's lead, this month the government of Prussia, under the influence of some religious and social figures, passed a law strictly regulating the amount of child labour that was possible during the year."
"EVTDESC34608_NEWS_SHORT","This month the government of Prussia, under the influence of some religious and social figures, passed a law strictly regulating the amount of child labour that was possible during the year."
"EVTDESC34609_NEWS_LONG","Musical news: 42 choral societies from the Rhineland, Baden, Hessen, and Franconia met in Frankfurt to celebrate a three-day festival of Mozart's music. Monetary donations were gathered for the preparation of the event, and hospitable accommodations were arranged in preparation for the influx of choristers. Thousands gathered at the banks of the river Main to welcome them. Even the rooflights were filled with cheerful spectators waving handkerchiefs and rejoicing. However, the event is said to have quickly turned into a demonstration for the political unification of Germany."
"EVTDESC34609_NEWS_MEDIUM","42 choral societies from the Rhineland, Baden, Hessen, and Franconia met in Frankfurt to celebrate a three-day festival of Mozart's music. The houses were filled with spectators rejoicing. The event turned into a demonstration for the political unification of Germany, however."
"EVTDESC34609_NEWS_SHORT","42 choral societies met in Frankfurt to celebrate a three-day festival of Mozart's music. The event turned into a demonstration for the political unification of Germany, however."
"EVTDESC33004_NEWS_LONG","The German government in Schleswig has proposed that the anti-German element in the region be reduced through the enforcement of German-language education and the expulsion of Danish citizens still resident in the province. The history of conflict between ethnic Danes and Germans in the region has been ongoing for decades, since the annexation of this contested territory many years ago. Although the Germanisation of the region has always been a priority, many pockets of resistance still exist. The proposal is being currently debated in the Reichstag."
"EVTDESC33004_NEWS_MEDIUM","The German government in Schleswig has proposed that the anti-German element in the region be reduced through the enforcement of German-language education and the expulsion of Danish citizens still resident in the province. The proposal is being debated in the Reichstag."
"EVTDESC33004_NEWS_SHORT","The German government in Schleswig has proposed an enforcement of German- language education and the expulsion of Danish citizens still resident in the province to reduce anti-German elements there."
"EVTDESC33000_NEWS_LONG","The theatrical troupe of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen has performed their repertory in Berlin to great acclaim. The troupe has seen its popularity increase steadily in the last years. It concentrates on having a style that seeks to unify design, conceptualisation, interpretation and execution of theatrical works through the use of authentic costumes and sets, as well as fluidity of action and a natural integration of actors and environment. They will soon begin a series of tours to nations throughout Europe."
"EVTDESC33000_NEWS_MEDIUM","The theatrical troupe of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen has performed their repertory in Berlin to great acclaim. The troupe has seen its popularity increase steadily in the last years through innovative methods, and will soon begin a series of tours to nations throughout Europe."
"EVTDESC33000_NEWS_SHORT","The theatrical troupe of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen has performed their repertory in Berlin to great acclaim. They will soon begin a series of tours to nations throughout Europe."
"EVTDESC33001_NEWS_LONG","Five years ago Carl Hagenbeck, the son of an animal trader, held his first show about exotic peoples, such as Nubians and Inuit, in Hamburg. Three years later he expanded on the concept, founding a circus which relied on training animals without force. This month, Hagenbeck unveiled his open-air zoo in Hamburg, the Tierpark Hagenbeck, an exemplary zoo of its kind, where he sought to display animals in a form of realistic environment, being the first zoo to use the innovative idea of separating visitors from the animals using moats instead of bars."
"EVTDESC33001_NEWS_MEDIUM","Five years ago Carl Hagenbeck, the son of an animal trader, held his first show about exotic peoples in Hamburg. Three years later he founded a circus which relied on training animals without force. This month, Hagenbeck unveiled his open-air zoo in Hamburg, the best of its kind."
"EVTDESC33001_NEWS_SHORT","This month, Carl Hagenbeck, the son of an animal trader and well-known for a circus in which animals were trained without force, unveiled his open-air zoo in Hamburg, the best of its kind."
"EVTDESC33002_NEWS_LONG","School director Konrad Duden published his 'Complete Orthographical Dictionary of the German Language' this month. It is set to become the foundation for German orthography in the coming years, and many scholars say it is a perfect work that should be the definitive dictionary for the German language. With 28,000 entries, it is also becoming very accepted in governmental and bureaucratic circles, being recently declared the official source for correct and proper spelling for official documents and approved for use as a reference in the administration of Germany."
"EVTDESC33002_NEWS_MEDIUM","School director Konrad Duden published his Complete Orthographical Dictionary of the German Language this month. It is set to become the foundation for German orthography in the coming years. Many scholars say it should be the definitive dictionary for the German language."
"EVTDESC33002_NEWS_SHORT","School director Konrad Duden published his Complete Orthographical Dictionary of the German Language this month. Many say it is set to be the definitive dictionary for the German language."
"EVTDESC33005_NEWS_LONG","Yesterday the Baghdad Railroad, a project prominently financed by Germans, was announced with plans to connect Constantinople and Baghdad. Though beneficial both to Germans, who are said to have economical interests in the oil fields of the Iraq region, and to the citizens of Constantinople, connecting them to far away cities such as Ankara and Konya (Iconium), the project is seen as controversial, conflicting with the interests of other Great Powers. Nonetheless, it is being heralded as one of the high points in the good relations between Constantinople and Berlin."
"EVTDESC33005_NEWS_MEDIUM","Yesterday the Baghdad Railroad, a project prominently financed by Germans, was announced with plans to connect Constantinople and Baghdad. This is being heralded as one of the high points in the good relations between Constantinople and Berlin."
"EVTDESC33005_NEWS_SHORT","Yesterday the Baghdad Railroad, a project mainly financed by Germans, was announced with plans to connect Constantinople and Baghdad, marking good relations between Berlin and Constantinople."
"EVTDESC36898_NEWS_LONG","Princess Alexandrina Victoria of House Hanover has ascended to the throne of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as 'Queen Victoria'. Today a jubilant London crowd has escorted her to her residence in the newly built Buckingham Palace. People of all classes and creeds are delighted to see the new Monarch take her place as sovereign of the UK, and the Queen herself is reportedly looking forward to the tasks and challenges which accompany this onerous office. Her father, King George III, will be greatly missed and fondly remembered by the British people."
"EVTDESC36898_NEWS_MEDIUM","Princess Alexandrina Victoria has ascended the throne of The United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland. Today a jubilant crowd has escorted her to Buckingham Palace. People of all classes and creeds are delighted and she is looking forward to the tasks which accompany the office."
"EVTDESC36898_NEWS_SHORT","Princess Victoria of House Hanover has ascended the throne of The United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland. People of all classes and creeds are delighted. King George will be greatly missed."
"EVTDESC36901_NEWS_LONG","In 1838, Charles Dickens' novel 'Oliver Twist' was published in London. In it, he drew readers' attention to the poverty and lack of workers' rights in his time. Following the story of an orphaned boy through a baby farm and a workhouse until he finally joins a gang of street pickpockets in London, the novel shed light on what is called the great London waif crisis, drawing attention to the large number of orphans in the streets of London at that time. Possibly the greatest novelist of the Victoria era, Dickens himself suffered impoverishment early in his life."
"EVTDESC36901_NEWS_MEDIUM","Charles Dickens' novel 'Oliver Twist' was published in London. Following the story of an orphaned boy through a baby farm and a workhouse until he joins a gang of street pickpockets in London, the novel draws attention to the large number of impoverished orphans."
"EVTDESC36901_NEWS_SHORT","In 1838, Charles Dickens' novel 'Oliver Twist' was published in London. In it, he drew readers' attention to the poverty and lack of workers' rights in his time."
"EVTDESC36903_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: Queen Victoria married her cousin, Prince Albert of Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha. Unlike many other marriages of the time, this one was based primarily on mutual affection rather than dynastic calculations. Albert became a leading influential figure of the court and an important companion and advisor on the matters of the state to his wife the queen. The wedding meant that young Victoria was no longer bound by a social convention to live with her mother, and her mother's expulsion from Buckingham Palace followed."
"EVTDESC36903_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: Queen Victoria married her cousin, Prince Albert of Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha. Unlike many other marriages of the time, this one was based primarily on mutual affection rather than dynastic calculations."
"EVTDESC36903_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: Queen Victoria married her cousin, Prince Albert of Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha. Following the wedding, Albert became an important advisor to his wife the queen."
"EVTDESC36911_NEWS_LONG","William Butler Yeats' second volume of poetry, 'The Rose', was published in 1893. By now his voice had become more than just distinctive and his control over meter and rhyme was the stuff of genius. Yeats was now developing specifically Irish themes and began his long association with Irish Republicanism mixed with an aesthetic mysticism. An Irish nationalist early in his life, Yeats sheltered his beliefs in the later years and stayed at a distance from the radical nationalist movements and turbulent political scene of the second part of the nineteenth century."
"EVTDESC36911_NEWS_MEDIUM","William Butler Yeats' second volume of poetry, 'The Rose', was published in 1893. Yeats was developing specifically Irish themes and began his long association with Irish Republicanism mixed with an aesthetic mysticism."
"EVTDESC36911_NEWS_SHORT","William Butler Yeats' second volume of poetry, 'The Rose', was published in 1893. Yeats was developing specifically Irish themes and began his long association with Irish Republicanism."
"EVTDESC36912_NEWS_LONG","In 1918, Gerard Manley Hopkins' collected poetry was published posthumously, even though Hopkins himself was uncomfortable with its publication during his lifetime. The poetry introduced a new meter known as 'sprung-rhythm' to the world and gave new impetus to the growing modernist movement. Hopkins poetry was modernist, but at the same time he was considered a religious poet. He had converted to Catholicism early in his life and was a student and professor of medieval Christian philosophy."
"EVTDESC36912_NEWS_MEDIUM","In 1918, Gerard Manley Hopkins' collected poetry was published posthumously, even though Hopkins himself was uncomfortable with its publication during his lifetime. The poetry introduced a new meter known as 'sprung-rhythm' to the world and gave impetus to the modernism."
"EVTDESC36912_NEWS_SHORT","In 1918, Gerard Manley Hopkins' collected poetry was published posthumously, even though Hopkins himself was uncomfortable with its publication during his lifetime."
"EVTDESC36919_NEWS_LONG","Florence Nightingale has been recognised throughout the world as the founder of modern nursing. During a recent war, Britain's Minister of War appointed her 'Lady-In-Chief' to 38 nurses in army field hospitals. The success of this mission triggered the first nursing school in England and has led to the establishment a program to examine and reorganize the British Army's medical services. Nightingale also works in the area of public health, hospital administration, and sanitary reform. Long may glory shine upon this angel, popularly known as ‘the lady with the lamp’."
"EVTDESC36919_NEWS_MEDIUM","Florence Nightingale has been recognised throughout the world as the founder of modern nursing. During a recent war, Britain's Minister of War appointed her 'Lady-In-Chief' to nurses in army field hospitals. Long may glory shine upon this angel, known as 'the lady with the lamp'."
"EVTDESC36919_NEWS_SHORT","Florence Nightingale has been recognised throughout the world as the esteemed founder of modern nursing. Long may glory shine forth on this angel, popularly known as 'the lady with the lamp'."
"EVTDESC36922_NEWS_LONG","At the Oval in London, England and Australia have played the most memorable international match in history. In a three-day long match that seesawed back and forth, the english side fell a mere seven runs short of defeating australia in their last innings. It was a match so thrilling that one spectator died of a heart attack. The Sporting Times published this obituary: 'in remembrance of English cricket which died at the oval yesterday, lamented by a large circle of sorrowing fans and acquaintances. R.I.P. The body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia'."
"EVTDESC36922_NEWS_MEDIUM","At the Oval cricket grounds in London, England and Australia have played out the most memorable international match in history. Seesawing back and forth over three days, it was so thrilling that one spectator died of a heart attack. Australia won by seven runs and are delighted."
"EVTDESC36922_NEWS_SHORT","England and Australia have played out the most memorable cricket match in history. Australia won by seven runs and are delighted. One spectator died of a heart attack."
"EVTDESC36923_NEWS_LONG","The esteemed natural philosopher Charles Darwin, drawing upon observations made on his voyage to distant shores aboard the HMS Beagle and synthesizing the observations of many of his contemporaries, has published On the Origin of Species, in which he claims that all life forms on Earth have slowly evolved over time through a scientific process known as natural selection and not through an act of divine creation. His views are hotly contested and are sure to remain controversial even hundreds of years into the future. The book is written for non-specialist readers."
"EVTDESC36923_NEWS_MEDIUM","The natural philosopher Charles Darwin has published on the origin of species, in which he claims that all life has evolved through a scientific process known as natural selection and not through an act of divinity. His views are hotly contested and sure to remain controversial."
"EVTDESC36923_NEWS_SHORT","The scientist Charles Darwin has published on the origin of species, which he claims that life has evolved through a scientific process known as natural selection and not an act of divinity."
"EVTDESC36925_NEWS_LONG","The murder of at least six prostitutes by Jack the Ripper, the notorious serial killer, has horrified and shocked the Victorian establishment. The dismay evoked by these murders, has, however, indirectly awoken the British public to the extreme poverty and depravity reigning in the streets of the east end of London, especially in Whitechapel, where the murders were committed. Rumour mongers attribute the killer’s continuing ability to evade capture to connections with people of high standing. The details of the outrages are too grizzly to publish in this newspaper."
"EVTDESC36925_NEWS_MEDIUM","The murder of at least six prostitutes by Jack the Ripper has horrified the Victorian establishment. The dismay evoked by these murders, has, however, awoken the public to the extreme poverty reigning in the east end. Details of the outrages are too grizzly to publish at this time."
"EVTDESC36925_NEWS_SHORT","The gruesome murder of at least six prostitutes by Jack the Ripper has horrified the Victorian establishment. Details of the outrages are too grizzly to publish in this journal at this time."
"EVTDESC36929_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: Nineteen months after completion, the bridge across the Firth of Tay near Dundee, collapsed under stress caused by high winds. A six-carriage train was also lost leading to deaths of all aboard. The bridge's designer, Sir Thomas Bouch, was held responsible for multiple flaws in design and quality control and removed from his position as designer of the Firth of Forth bridge. With his reputation as an engineer ruined, and multiple other projects of his being cancelled or ordered a new design under another architect, Bouch died with a year."
"EVTDESC36929_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: Nineteen months after completion, the bridge across the Firth of Tay near Dundee, collapsed under stress caused by high winds. A six-carriage train was also lost with all passengers. The bridge's designer, Sir Thomas Bouch, was held responsible."
"EVTDESC36929_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: Nineteen months after completion, the bridge across the Firth of Tay near Dundee, collapsed under stress. A six-carriage train was also lost leading to deaths of all aboard."
"EVTDESC36939_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: Lord Dalhousie, Governor-General of India introduced a number of reforms. While they are unpopular in some quarters, they are extremely effective. Through the development of the infrastructure, expansion of railroads, metalled bridges and roads, and telegraph lines, military and medical reforms, and a set of special legal means called 'Doctrine of Lapse' leading to annexation of new lands, Dalhousie expanded the British control over the subcontinent, but also accelerated the growth of anti-British sentiments among the local population."
"EVTDESC36939_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: Lord Dalhousie, Governor-General of India, has introduced a number of reforms in India. While they are unpopular in some quarters, leading to anti-British sentiments, they are extremely effective in expanding the British control over the subcontinent."
"EVTDESC36939_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: Lord Dalhousie, Governor-General of India, has introduced a number of reforms in India. While they are unpopular in some quarters, they are extremely effective."
"EVTDESC36940_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: A treaty formalizing the nation of New Zealand was signed, wherein the Maori Chiefs recognized the sovereignty of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, and in turn she guaranteed the chiefs their lands, estates, forests and fisheries. Maori and English versions of the signed document differ, leaving doubt about what was actually agreed upon. While the British claim Maori agreed to governor's rule over them, the Maori version of the treaty states they should retain a large degree of autonomy and self-governance allowing them to manage their own affairs."
"EVTDESC36940_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: A treaty formalizing the nation of New Zealand was signed, wherein the Maori Chiefs recognized the sovereignty of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, and in turn she guaranteed the chiefs their lands, estates, forests and fisheries."
"EVTDESC36940_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: A treaty formalizing the nation of New Zealand was signed, wherein the Maori Chiefs recognized the sovereignty of Her Majesty Queen Victoria."
"EVTDESC36941_NEWS_LONG","$COUNTRY$: Disenchanted with British attitudes, Maori Chief Hone Heke had the flagstaff in Kororareka repeatedly chopped down in protest leading to what is known as the First Maori War. Resilient and emboldened by early successes, but strained economically, with dwindling food supplies and victims to many epidemic deaths, Maori chiefs eventually asked for ceasefire. The British maintained their sovereingty over New Zealand, but rebellious Maori chiefs raised their position higher than it ever was, gaining substantial amounts of respect among all tribes."
"EVTDESC36941_NEWS_MEDIUM","$COUNTRY$: Disenchanted with British attitudes, Maori Chief Hone Heke had the flagstaff in Kororareka repeatedly chopped down in protest leading to what is known as the First Maori War. Rebellious chiefs earned respect but didn't manage to overthrow the British."
"EVTDESC36941_NEWS_SHORT","$COUNTRY$: Disenchanted with British attitudes, Maori Chief Hone Heke had the flagstaff in Kororareka repeatedly chopped down in protest leading to the First Maori War."
