"big_horizontal_image","Acta Negra Maleficorum - black books, also called pitch-books or blood-books, held information and records of delinquents and people suspected of capital crimes. The records were kept by the clerk of the municipal court of the interrogation of the prisoners, sometimes under torture. The oldest preserved black books date from the early 16th century."
"buff_agility_potion_desc_t","Your joints and muscles have stopped troubling you.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Agility +5<br/>Defence +5 "
"buff_alcoholism_desc_t","You're an alcoholic and look and behave like one. Your Strength, Agility, Vitality, Speech and Charisma are reduced by -3. The only cure is lengthy abstinence or Hair o' the Dog potion."
"buff_bard_potion_desc_t","What comes into your head comes out your mouth. You have the patter of a market trader.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> Speech +5."
"buff_basichealth_potion_desc_t","You feel your Strength returning, your health gradually regenerating.."
"buff_berserk_potion_desc_t","You feel strength and rage rise inside you. You will crush anyone who stands in your path!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Damage inflicted in close combat, whether armed or unarmed, is increased.<br/>But in your frenzy you neglect defence and enemy strikes hurt you more."
"buff_bleeding_normal_desc_t","You are bleeding. Unless you treat your wounds with a bandage, you will slowly lose health and die. The bleeding will not stop on its own."
"buff_drinker_potion_desc_t","This potion cured you of the effects of your alcoholism, but at what price?! You look like you could throw up any minute and your Charisma is lowered."
"buff_drunkenness_desc_t","A state of spiritual well-being that only the drunken person can truly appreciate.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Drunkenness comes on gradually and its level is shown by the gold background on the buff's icon. It increases according to how much you've drunk. Up to the halfway point of the buff, your Strength, Speech, Vitality and Charisma increase up to a maximum of +2. The closer you get to the halfway mark, the greater the bonus. But your Conspicuousness will also rise considerably.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>When you pass the halfway point of the buff, the effect of drunkenness will change, which is also shown by the icon. Your Strength, Speech, Vitality and Charisma will be penalised by -2 at most. The closer you get to filling the buff, the more severe the penalties. If you continue drinking and increase your drunkenness to the maximum, you will black out.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Once you've digested all the alcohol you drank, your drunkenness will gradually fall. If you drank a lot, after the buff ends you still face a hangover. The amount you can drink before suffering negative effects depends on your Drinking skill. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>If you drink often, you can become an alcoholic. How soon it happens also depends on the level of your Drinking skill. "
"buff_eagle_eye_desc_t","Your hand is steadier when shooting and your archery skill increased. Bow +5."
"buff_encumbered_desc_t","You are carrying too much weight. Your maximum speed is lowered. Place some of your stuff into your horse's inventory or just drop something on the ground.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can't sprint or jump, your walk is slower, your attacks and dodges are slower and your attacks cost you more Stamina. You can't fast travel either. If you're overloaded up to half the level of your total carrying capacity, you won't be able to mount a horse either."
"buff_exhausted_desc_t","You are exhausted. You cannot concentrate and your speech is not as persuasive as usual. Also your charisma has taken a hit. Eventually, you will start fainting.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Your Speech and Charisma are lowered in proportion to your tiredness."
"buff_flower_power_desc_t","You've got enough herbs on you to make a more charismatic impression. You get a +2 Charisma bonus."
"buff_food_heal_t","Food and potions regenerate your health."
"buff_food_poisoning_desc_t","You've got food poisoning. Next time, be more careful what you eat.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Your Health is gradually depleting and so are your Strength, Agility and Vitality in proportion to the degree of poisoning."
"buff_hangover_desc_t","You have a splitting headache and a feeling of great regret.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>A hangover reduces your Strength, Agility, Vitality, Speech and Charisma and makes you more conspicuous. How long the hangover lasts is determined by your Drinking skill - the more experienced you are, the shorter the hangover. It will dissipate eventually or can be cured with a Marigold Decoction, Lazarus potion or Hair o' the Dog potion."
"buff_horseman_potion_desc_t","You feel as if you'd been born in the saddle and raised by dogs.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Dogs won't bark at you.<br/>Horsemanship +5."
"buff_injured_head_desc_t","Your head is injured. This injury can result in bleeding if you are not careful."
"buff_injured_left_arm_desc_t","Your left arm is injured. This injury can result in bleeding if you are not careful."
"buff_injured_left_leg_desc_t","Your left leg is injured. This injury can result in bleeding if you are not careful."
"buff_injured_right_arm_desc_t","Your right arm is injured. This injury can result in bleeding if you are not careful."
"buff_injured_right_leg_desc_t","Your right leg is injured. This injury can result in bleeding if you are not careful."
"buff_injured_torso_desc_t","Your torso is injured. This injury can result in bleeding if you are not careful."
"buff_jail_recovery_theresa_desc_t","Your disgraceful behaviour has brought shame on your family and set tongues wagging in the vicinity, causing your Charisma to fall temporarily."
"buff_letailleur_desc_t","You're wearing clothing you repaired yourself. Each garment gives you a 0.5 Charisma bonus up to a maximum of +2."
"buff_lover_desc_t","Others look up to you now.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Charisma +5."
"buff_overeat_desc_t","You have gorged too much food and you feel sick. Your maximum Stamina is lowered."
"buff_owl_potion_desc_t","The slightly toxic ingredients in this potion have dilated your pupils, so you can see better in the dark and gloom."
"buff_paralysis_potion_desc_t","Your muscles are frozen, your limbs out of your control, your whole body wooden. You can move only with the greatest difficulty.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Combat skills with weapons or unarmed -5<br/>Stamina -50%<br/>You can't sprint."
"buff_player_dog_obedience_notification_desc_t","Your dog doesn't heed your commands, because his Obedience level is low. Try spending a little time training him."
"buff_poison_potion_desc_t","You feel ill, have pains in your guts. You've been poisoned with something.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You gradually lose 50 Health points."
"buff_potion_long_heal_desc_t","Chamomile Decoction is no miraculous cure-all, but it will bolster your health and heal you slowly over a long period.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Over a period of 5 hours you gradually gain 200 Health."
"buff_sleep_potion_desc_t","You are feeling tired, you want to sleep, you close your eyes. You sleep."
"buff_sneak_potion_desc_t","Your movements are loose, your step light, your breath and heartbeat slowed. Stealth, lockpicking and pickpocketing are much easier for you.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Stealth +5,<br/>Pickpocketing +5,<br/>Lockpicking +5."
"buff_stamina_potion_desc_t","Your Stamina recovery is temporarily increased."
"buff_starvation_desc_t","You're hungry. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Your stamina is decreased and eventually you will start losing health."
"buff_stronghealth_desc_t","Drinking this potion would rouse even the dead. You feel energy, life and Strength coursing through your veins. Time to go out into the world and do great deeds!"
"buff_vitality_potion_desc_t","You feel like Achilles. You can easily overcome wounds. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Strikes will wound you 50% less."
"buff_witch_potion_desc_t","The world is spinning, strange colours everywhere. You hear voices in your head, see things that aren't there… You feel like you're on the road to Hell."
"buff_wormwood_spirit_desc_t","The bitter taste of Artemisia will put strength in your blood, but also bewilder your eyes with strange visions.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Strength +5<br/>Warfare +5."
"buff_wormwood_spirit_t","Artemisia Potion Effect"
"cant_move_quest_item","You can't move quest item."
"cant_repair_item","This craftsman can't repair such a badly damaged item."
"cant_sell_quest_item","You can't sell quest item."
"cant_use_bandage","You have to learn first aid first."
"cant_use_in_combat","You can't use item in combat."
"cant_use_quest_item","You can't use quest item."
"controller_disconnected","Xbox One Wireless Controller has been disconnected. Please re-establish the connection to continue the game."
"controller_disconnected_caption","Controller disconnected."
"controller_disconnected_ps","DUALSHOCK®4 Wireless Controller has been disconnected. Please re-establish the connection to continue the game."
"cr_213","213"
"cr_3dkluci","Jiří Bartoněk, Jan Zámečník and Luboš Jančík"
"cr_3dScan","3D Facial Scanner"
"cr_aanghelescu","Anna Anghelescu"
"cr_aboettcher","Andree Boettcher"
"cr_account","Accounting"
"cr_aconka","Antonín Čonka"
"cr_actor_bernard","Captain Bernard"
"cr_actor_bohuta","Father Godwin"
"cr_actor_borek","Robard of Talmberg"
"cr_actor_divis","Divish of Talmberg"
"cr_actor_feyfar","Tobias Feyfar"
"cr_actor_hanus","Hanush of Leipa"
"cr_actor_henry","Henry"
"cr_actor_jost","Jobst of Moravia"
"cr_actor_otec","Henry's Father"
"cr_actor_other","Additional Cast"
"cr_actor_pista","Istvan"
"cr_actor_prcek","Runt"
"cr_actor_ptacek","Capon"
"cr_actor_pvelitel","Markvart von Aulitz"
"cr_actor_racek","Radzig Kobyla"
"cr_actor_sarka","Bianca"
"cr_actor_stepanka","Stephanie of Talmberg"
"cr_actor_stunt","Stunts"
"cr_actor_tereza","Theresa"
"cr_actor_ulrich","Ulrich"
"cr_adam","Adam Biganovský"
"cr_addit_music","Additional Music"
"cr_addit_writer","Additional Writing"
"cr_adolez","Alice Nedvědová (Doleželová)"
"cr_agal","Attila Gál"
"cr_ahava","Aleš Háva"
"cr_ahawlik","Andreas Hawlik"
"cr_ahrabak","Adéla Hrabáková"
"cr_ahuck","Amy Huck"
"cr_ajaworski","Andrew Jaworski (†) "
"cr_ajirka","Adam Jirka"
"cr_akemp","Angela Kemp"
"cr_aklimova","Alžběta Klímová"
"cr_akrovopuskov","Andrew Krovopuskov"
"cr_alan","Alan Shamsudin"
"cr_ales","Aleš Borovička"
"cr_aletter","Axel Lutter"
"cr_alisa","Alisa Zavodina"
"cr_ambaryerno","Ambaryerno"
"cr_ambiente","Screams & Shouts"
"cr_amiltnerova","Andrea Miltnerová"
"cr_and","and"
"cr_and2","and"
"cr_anews","A-NEWS, S.R.O."
"cr_animal","Animals"
"cr_antonio","Jose Antonio Salgado-Martin"
"cr_apaces","Anna Pačesová"
"cr_apaces2","Anna Pačesová"
"cr_aradkia","Arash Radkia"
"cr_aravin","Anton Ravin"
"cr_archuk","Institute of the History of Charles University and Archive of Charles University ( Alena Homolková)"
"cr_arice","Abigail Rice"
"cr_arma_epona","Arma Epona s.r.o."
"cr_art_director","Art Director"
"cr_art_veget","Vegetation Artist"
"cr_aseverova","Alice Severová"
"cr_asimunek","Adam Šimůnek"
"cr_asporka","Adam Sporka"
"cr_asproducer","Associate Producer"
"cr_asvrcina","Adam E. Svrčina"
"cr_asziranyi","András Szirányi"
"cr_atichy","Aleš Tichý"
"cr_atobler","Andreas Tobler "
"cr_avavrova","Alžběta Vávrová"
"cr_aveverkova","Anna Veverková"
"cr_avitek","Adam Vítek"
"cr_azavodina","Alisa Zavodina"
"cr_ba_bagpipes","Lute, Shawms, Bagpipe"
"cr_ba_drums","Percussions"
"cr_ba_harp","Vielle, Harp"
"cr_ba_recorders","Recorders"
"cr_ba_shawms","Shawms"
"cr_baby","Production Babies"
"cr_baby1","March 2016"
"cr_baby10","July 2016"
"cr_baby11","March 2017"
"cr_baby12","July 2017"
"cr_baby13","April 2013"
"cr_baby14","August 2013"
"cr_baby15","May 2016"
"cr_baby16","June 2013"
"cr_baby17","February 2015"
"cr_baby18","December 2015"
"cr_baby19","December 2015"
"cr_baby2","May 2015"
"cr_baby20","February 2018"
"cr_baby21","February 2018"
"cr_baby3","May 2016"
"cr_baby4","November 2014"
"cr_baby5","May 2015"
"cr_baby6","June 2016"
"cr_baby7","September 2014"
"cr_baby8","June 2015"
"cr_baby9","October 2015"
"cr_backers","Backers"
"cr_badams","Bethany Adams"
"cr_bachcus","Bakchus Medieval Band "
"cr_bakchus","Bakchus"
"cr_bblessed","Brian Blessed"
"cr_bblessed2","Brian Blessed"
"cr_bboudreaux","Bob Boudreaux"
"cr_bbozeman","Brett Bozeman"
"cr_bbradshaw","Ben Bradshaw"
"cr_bcaspe","Brian Caspe"
"cr_bcrow","Bobby Crowe"
"cr_bdavidson","Bruce Davidson"
"cr_bdouglas","Brendan Douglas"
"cr_bhajn","Bohumil Hajn"
"cr_bible","Bible"
"cr_bible2","Wycliffe's Bible, a modern-spelling version of the 14th Century Middle English Translation by John Wycliffe and John  Purvey, edited by Terence Noble, available at Amazon.com"
"cr_bkralova","Barbora Králová"
"cr_blacksmith","blacksmith"
"cr_blubos","Bôrik Luboš, Mgr., LL.M., advokát"
"cr_bohdan","Bohdan Fejtek"
"cr_bohemka","Bohemia Interactive"
"cr_bohemka2","Lead Studio Engineer"
"cr_bohemka3","On Set PA "
"cr_bon","Battle of the Nation – especially Czech, German and US teams"
"cr_bones","bones"
"cr_boris","Boris Zápotocký"
"cr_borselli","Brandon Orselli"
"cr_bprochazka","Bedřich Procházka"
"cr_brayner","Billy Rayner"
"cr_bryalls","Ben Ryalls"
"cr_brydl","Brigita Rýdlová"
"cr_btreckles","Bernhard Trecksel"
"cr_bvackova","Barbora Vacková"
"cr_bvollbrecht","Bernd Vollbrecht"
"cr_bzhang","Bofan Zhang"
"cr_canghelescu","Costin Anghelescu"
"cr_caslav","Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren in Čáslav (Drahomíra Dušková)"
"cr_cast","Cast"
"cr_casting","Casting by"
"cr_catering","Catering"
"cr_cbrom","Cyril Brom"
"cr_cclarke","Christian M. Dunkley-Clark"
"cr_ccu","Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, PL"
"cr_cdoyle","Conor Doyle"
"cr_cdp_aburtseva","Alina Burtseva"
"cr_cdp_bkotashevskaia","Beata Kotashevskaia"
"cr_cdp_eapolskii","Andrei Apolskii"
"cr_cdp_egusev","Egor Gusev"
"cr_cdp_emetliaev","Eugene Metliaev"
"cr_cdp_etolmachev","Stanislav Tolmachev"
"cr_cdp_imrowczynska","Izabela Mrówczyńska-Graniak"
"cr_cdp_mgembicki","Michał Gembicki"
"cr_cdp_mkosman","Marcin Kosman"
"cr_cdp_okudishov","Oleg Kudishov"
"cr_cdp_pnikolenko","Pavel Nikolenko"
"cr_cdp_rwesolowski","Robert Wesołowski"
"cr_cdp_ssmirnov","Sergei Smirnov"
"cr_cdp_vkozulia","Vladimir Kozulia"
"cr_cdp_vvenukova","Veronika Venukova"
"cr_cdukes","Christopher Dukes"
"cr_cerberus","Cerberus"
"cr_cihak","Emil Čihák"
"cr_ckuhl","PR Delasocial (Claudia Kühl)"
"cr_cmatthew","Curt Matthew"
"cr_cmolev","Cyril Molev"
"cr_combat_lead","Swordfighting Choreography"
"cr_combat_stunt","Swordfighting Stunts"
"cr_composer","Music & Orchestration"
"cr_conductor","Conductor"
"cr_content_legal_only_pc_xbox","Published 2018 by Deep Silver, a division of Koch Media GmbH, Austria. Deep Silver and their respective logos are trademarks of Koch Media GmbH. ©2018 and developed by Warhorse Studios s.r.o. Portions of this software are included under license © 2004-2018 Crytek GmbH. All rights reserved. Crytek, CryEngine and their respective logos are trademarks of Crytek GmbH. All other trademarks, logos and copyrights are property of their respective owners. All rights reserved."
"cr_content_legal_only_ps4","Published 2018 by Koch Media GmbH, Austria. Deep Silver is a division of Koch Media. Deep Silver and their respective logos are trademarks of Koch Media GmbH. ©2018 and developed by Warhorse Studios s.r.o. Portions of this software are included under license © 2004-2018 Crytek GmbH. All rights reserved. Crytek, CryEngine and their respective logos are trademarks of Crytek GmbH. All other trademarks, logos and copyrights are property of their respective owners. All rights reserved."
"cr_cpragensis","Civitas Pragensis"
"cr_creative_director","Directed by"
"cr_crime_system","Open World Systems"
"cr_cswbs","CSWBS - Czechoslovak Warbow Society"
"cr_ctut_fecht","Faculty of Electrical Engineering"
"cr_cvut","Czech Technical University in Prague"
"cr_cze_trans","Czech Language Editors"
"cr_cze_trans2","Additional Czech Editors"
"cr_damian","Damian Grzegorz Łazarski"
"cr_dan","Daniel Vávra"
"cr_dant","Daniel Antonín"
"cr_dblaho","David Blaho"
"cr_dbodlak","Daniel Bodlák"
"cr_dbrown","Dan Brown"
"cr_dbures","Daniel Bureš"
"cr_de_lead_trans","Lead German Translator"
"cr_de_trans","German Translators"
"cr_deepsilver","Deep Silver"
"cr_dekssan","Dekssan"
"cr_detoa","DETOA Albrechtice s.r.o."
"cr_df","Daniel Falta"
"cr_dferrette","Damien Ferrette"
"cr_dhavelik","David Havelík - principal"
"cr_dhlavenka","Daniel Hlavenka"
"cr_dhorak","David Horák"
"cr_dhousle","Cellos"
"cr_dchladek","Dominik Chládek"
"cr_digipack","Digipack"
"cr_dita","Dita Pelikánová (Krčová)"
"cr_divinelnfine","TheDivineInfidel"
"cr_djankes","Dávid Jankes"
"cr_dkolar","Daniel Kolář"
"cr_dlc","Additional work on DLCs "
"cr_dlc_aczerwinski","Adrian Czerwiński"
"cr_dlc_agregor","Alexandr Gregor"
"cr_dlc_ahejtmankova","Alena Hejtmánková"
"cr_dlc_and","and"
"cr_dlc_anowicki","Adam Nowicki"
"cr_dlc_apiesiak","Adam Piesiak"
"cr_dlc_atsupko","Andrzej Tsupko"
"cr_dlc_babies","DLC Production Babies"
"cr_dlc_bkrystian","Bas Krystian"
"cr_dlc_brest","Brest Boccaro"
"cr_dlc_bruno","Bruno von Žižkov"
"cr_dlc_bsukova","Barbora Suková"
"cr_dlc_budlinek","Budulínek z Molu Es"
"cr_dlc_bvykypelova","Barbora Vykypělová"
"cr_dlc_cmaciej","Cesarczyk Maciej"
"cr_dlc_dchaloupecky","Daniel Chaloupecký"
"cr_dlc_dkroneisl","David Kroneisl"
"cr_dlc_dog","Cynology"
"cr_dlc_dogs","Dogs"
"cr_dlc_ecarillo","Esteban Franco Carillo"
"cr_dlc_edantes","Edmond Dantès"
"cr_dlc_extqa","External QA"
"cr_dlc_ffuxa","Filip Fuxa"
"cr_dlc_fkamil","Frynia Kamil"
"cr_dlc_fkilian","Filip Kilián"
"cr_dlc_fpetrovic","Filip Petrovič"
"cr_dlc_gdupinet","Guillermo Dupinet"
"cr_dlc_jbryda","Jan Brýda"
"cr_dlc_jcerevko","Jaromír Čerevko"
"cr_dlc_jfreire","João Fernandes Carmona Freire"
"cr_dlc_jpilsky","Josef Pilský"
"cr_dlc_jsabatka","Jakub Šabatka"
"cr_dlc_jtrudzik","Jakub Trudzik"
"cr_dlc_jurdy","Jurdy Monur"
"cr_dlc_jvegricht","Jan Vegricht"
"cr_dlc_kartur","Khanvelian Artur"
"cr_dlc_kbarzan","Katarzyna Barzan"
"cr_dlc_kgrzegorz","Kopka Grzegorz"
"cr_dlc_kkonrad","Kozłowski Konrad"
"cr_dlc_kkozak","Kryštof Kozák"
"cr_dlc_knovakova","Kamila Nováková"
"cr_dlc_lhosek","Lukáš Hošek"
"cr_dlc_ljonas","Lubomír Jonáš"
"cr_dlc_lmiroslawski","Łukasz Mirosławski"
"cr_dlc_lrafal","Lipski Rafał"
"cr_dlc_markadiusz","Miąsek Arkadiusz"
"cr_dlc_mbialas","Miłosz Białas"
"cr_dlc_mbrousil","Miloslav Brousil"
"cr_dlc_mdrahorad","Martin Drahorád"
"cr_dlc_mformankova","Mariana Formánková"
"cr_dlc_mgeymonat","Marcos Geymonat"
"cr_dlc_mkrenek","Miroslav Křenek"
"cr_dlc_mmatous","Martin Matouš"
"cr_dlc_mpaulovic","Matej Paulovič"
"cr_dlc_mplachy","Martin Plachý"
"cr_dlc_mprzemyslaw","Milewski Przemysław"
"cr_dlc_mraczynski","Michał Raczyński"
"cr_dlc_mrousal","Martin Roušal"
"cr_dlc_mstastna","Miriam Šťastná"
"cr_dlc_pguttierez","Paola Guttierez"
"cr_dlc_phanneuse","Pierre Hanneuse"
"cr_dlc_phradsky","Petr Hradský"
"cr_dlc_psamek","Patrik Samek"
"cr_dlc_pstatkevich","Pavel Statkevich"
"cr_dlc_pstrzelczyk","Paweł Strzelczyk"
"cr_dlc_pvlach","Petr Vlach"
"cr_dlc_pziajka","Paweł Ziajka"
"cr_dlc_qloc_aqpm","QA Project Manager"
"cr_dlc_qloc_bddd","BD Deputy Director"
"cr_dlc_qloc_bdm","Business Development Manager"
"cr_dlc_qloc_dqa","Director of Quality Assurance"
"cr_dlc_qloc_hc","Head of Communications"
"cr_dlc_qloc_itm","IT Manager"
"cr_dlc_qloc_pb","President of the Board"
"cr_dlc_qloc_prs","PR Specialist"
"cr_dlc_qloc_qalm","QA Lab Managers"
"cr_dlc_qloc_qat","QA Testers"
"cr_dlc_qloc_qatl","QA Team Leader"
"cr_dlc_qloc_qatm","QA Training Manager"
"cr_dlc_qloc_qloc","QLOC S.A."
"cr_dlc_qloc_vp","Vice President, BD Director"
"cr_dlc_rmaciej","Rokita Maciej"
"cr_dlc_sagnieszka","Święszkowska Agnieszka"
"cr_dlc_sjoanna","Strzelczyk Joanna"
"cr_dlc_smarcin","Szczepanik Marcin"
"cr_dlc_smarek","Skuza Marek"
"cr_dlc_sound","Sound"
"cr_dlc_spiotr","Sworobowicz Piotr"
"cr_dlc_ssebastian","Stolarczyk Sebastian"
"cr_dlc_sslosarczyk","Sergiusz Ślosarczyk"
"cr_dlc_tboettcher","Thorben Boettcher"
"cr_dlc_tdziedzic","Tomasz Dziedzic"
"cr_dlc_team_animators","Animators"
"cr_dlc_team_artits","Environment Artists"
"cr_dlc_team_concept","Concept Artists"
"cr_dlc_team_cutscenes","Cinematics"
"cr_dlc_team_design","Writing and Design"
"cr_dlc_team_hr","Human Resources"
"cr_dlc_team_char","Character Artists"
"cr_dlc_team_prod","Producers"
"cr_dlc_team_programmers","Programming"
"cr_dlc_team_qa","QA Team"
"cr_dlc_team_script","Scripting"
"cr_dlc_tkamenicky","Tomáš Kamenický"
"cr_dlc_tkrizan","Tomáš Križan"
"cr_dlc_tlouzil","Tomáš Loužil"
"cr_dlc_tmaresova","Tereza Marešová"
"cr_dlc_tpospisilova","Tereza  Pospíšilová"
"cr_dlc_tvodslon","Tomáš Vodsloň"
"cr_dlc_vburda","Vít Burda"
"cr_dlc_vernerova","Josefína Vernerová"
"cr_dlc_vfaragula","Vít Faragula"
"cr_dlc_vkocourkova","Viktorie Kocourková"
"cr_dlc_vkrhounek","Vladimír Krhounek"
"cr_dlc_whs","Warhorse Studios"
"cr_dlc_zbarakova","Žofie Baráková"
"cr_dlcv_plana","PLAN A Collective"
"cr_dlindovsky","David Lindovský"
"cr_dmaskova","Dagmar Mašková"
"cr_dmatinovska","Dominika Martinovská"
"cr_dmikes","Daniel Mikeš"
"cr_dmikes2","Daniel Mikeš"
"cr_dobakarlova","Doba Karlova, a Living History Society"
"cr_donhart","DonHart"
"cr_dp_loc_bin_ceo","CEO"
"cr_dp_loc_bin_epl","Engineer Project Lead"
"cr_dp_loc_bin_glem","Global Localization Engineering Manager"
"cr_dp_loc_bin_lpl","Language Project Lead"
"cr_dp_loc_bin_lpm","Lead PM"
"cr_dp_loc_bin_md","EU Managing Director"
"cr_dp_loc_bin_pm","Project Manager"
"cr_dp_loc_bin_rom","Rome Office Manager"
"cr_dp_loc_binari","Binari Sonori s.r.l. (a Keywords studio)"
"cr_dp_loc_ce","Copy Editing"
"cr_dp_loc_gamewords","Gamewords"
"cr_dp_loc_globalic","Globaloc GmbH"
"cr_dp_loc_gw_m","Spanish Manager"
"cr_dp_loc_tfp","TFP Service"
"cr_dp_loc_tfp_dm","Italian Deputy Manager & Translator"
"cr_dp_loc_tfp_me","Italian Manager & Editor"
"cr_dp_loc_tfp_tra","Italian Translators"
"cr_dp_loc_tm","Technical Management"
"cr_dp_loc_umlaut","Studio Umlaut"
"cr_dp_loc_vo","German Voice Talents"
"cr_dp_loc_vo2","French Voice Talents"
"cr_dpokorny","David Pokorný - concert master"
"cr_dpolev","Daryna Polevyk"
"cr_driedel","David Riedel"
"cr_drohacek","Dominik Roháček"
"cr_ds_buka_bdm","Business Development Manager"
"cr_ds_buka_lm","Localization Manager"
"cr_ds_buka_ltl","Localization Team Lead"
"cr_ds_buka_qae","QA Engineers"
"cr_ds_buka_qatl","QA Test Lead"
"cr_ds_buka_title","Buka Entertainment"
"cr_ds_buka_trans","Translators"
"cr_ds_cdp_title","CDP SP. Z O.O."
"cr_ds_cpd_ceo","Joint CEO"
"cr_ds_cpd_prm","PR Manager"
"cr_ds_cpd_spm","Senior Publishing Manager"
"cr_ds_dis_titlecze","Czech, Polish, Slovak & Hungarian Distribution"
"cr_ds_dis_titlerus","Russian Distribution & Localization"
"cr_ds_ers_mliebich2","Marco Liebich"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_aagaesse","Sylvain Agaesse"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_abardeau","Jérémy Bardeau"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_abaudrier","Patrice Baudrier"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_aberthier","Chloé Berthier"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_abodinat","Anatole de Bodinat"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_abollet","Bernard Bollet"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_aborne","Paul Borne"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_abouard","Vincent de Bouard"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_abozo","Philippe Bozo"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_abuscatto","Matthieu Buscatto"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_acarli","Julie Carli"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_acatoire","Philippe Catoire"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_acohen","Raphaël Cohen"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_acreton","François Creton"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_adarier","Gérard Darier"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_adriessche","Frédéric Van Den Driessche"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_afara","Fabrice Fara"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_afromont","Anneliese Fromont"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_agaret","Thierry Garet"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_agillet","Alexandre Gillet"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_agradi","Emmanuel Gradi"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_agrosbois","Victoria Grosbois"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_agrull","Hervé Grull"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_achanson","Hélène Chanson"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_aklaus","Caroline Klaus"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_alarcher","Laurent Larcher"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_alarmande","Adrien Larmande"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_alefebvre","Laëtitia Lefebvre"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_alelyon","Fabrice Lelyon"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_alemoine","Edwige Lemoine"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_aliebert","Bertrand Liebert"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_alorrain","Franck Lorrain"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_amancini","Patrick Mancini"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_amarx","Renaud Marx"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_amilon","Annie Milon"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_amorteau","Laurent Morteau"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_apac","Benoît du Pac"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_apascal","Benjamin Pascal"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_aquilichini","Jean-Pascal Quilichini"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_arieffel","Jean Rieffel"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_aronchewski","Stéphane Ronchewski"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_aropion","Vincent Ropion"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_aschoumsky","Antoine Schoumsky"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_atavares","François Tavares"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_avoletti","Michel Voletti"
"cr_ds_fre_vo_avolpé","Isabelle Volpé"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_aahe","Antje von der Ahe"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_abrem","Alexander Brem"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_acleven","Andrea Cleven"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_arybiczka","Anja Rybiczka"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_bbonn","Björn Bonn"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_brumpf","Bernd Rumpf"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_bsierich","Bastian Sierich"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_bweichert","Berenice Weichert"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_dgerlach","Dieter B. Gerlach"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_dsandmann","Dennis Sandmann"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_dsimspon","Dirc Simpson"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_dwellbat","Daniel Wellbat"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_fsandmann","Frank Sandmann"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_fschaff","Frank Schaff"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_galtrun","Güven Altun"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_geberhard","Gundi Eberhard"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_hmartz","Hendrik Martz"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_chbanken","Christoph Banken"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_chkohn","Christopher Kohn"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_chrettinghaus","Charles Rettinghaus"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_jgassen","Joseline Gassen"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_jmeyer","Jenny Maria Meyer"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_jscmitd","Josephine Schmidt"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_jsingle","Jan Single"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_jwirthgen","Jesco Wirthgen"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_lmahlich","Leonhard Mahlich"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_mdeutelmoser","Matthias Deutelmoser"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_mhassert","Mario Hassert"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_mkopetzki","Mathias Kopetzki"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_mmeinero","Maja Meinero"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_mpink","Michael Pink"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_nforsberg","Nick Forsberg"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_ostritzel","Oliver Stritzel"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_pmatzke","Paul Matzke"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_psponbiel","Philip Sponbiel"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_psura","Peter Sura"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_rdoering","Rainer Doering"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_sbrieger","Sven Brieger"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_sbuchheim","Stephan Buchheim"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_sfirzner","Sebastian Fitzner"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_shertrich","Stefan Hertrich"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_smisbach","Silvia Mißbach"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_tschmuckert","Thomas Schmuckert"
"cr_ds_ger_vo_ubuschken","Uwe Büschken"
"cr_ds_it_abaldussi","Mariella Baldussi"
"cr_ds_it_abrambilla","Stefania Brambilla"
"cr_ds_it_aday","Andrew Day"
"cr_ds_it_afedi","Leonardo Fedi"
"cr_ds_it_afulco","Ivan Fulco"
"cr_ds_it_aghirardini","Nadia Ghirardini"
"cr_ds_it_alanzaro","Antonio Lanzaro"
"cr_ds_it_amarino","Massimiliano Marino"
"cr_ds_it_apierro","Davide Pierro"
"cr_ds_it_apirocchi","Paolo Pirocchi"
"cr_ds_it_apizzo","Antonio Pizzo"
"cr_ds_it_apompei","Gianluca Pompei"
"cr_ds_it_ariccobono","Francesco Riccobono"
"cr_ds_it_asanctis","Marco De Sanctis"
"cr_ds_it_asioli","Fulvio Sioli"
"cr_ds_it_avita","Alessandro De Vita"
"cr_ds_pers_abreas","Alexandre Breas"
"cr_ds_pers_aluzega","Anja Luzega"
"cr_ds_pers_aturcan","Alex Turcan"
"cr_ds_pers_breckling","Benjamin Reckling"
"cr_ds_pers_bschlagbauer","Bernhard Schlagbauer"
"cr_ds_pers_bthien","Bernd Thien"
"cr_ds_pers_cbarrett2","Carl Barrett"
"cr_ds_pers_cberard","Celia Berard"
"cr_ds_pers_ccorrada","Cristina Corrada"
"cr_ds_pers_cferrier","Caroline Ferrier"
"cr_ds_pers_cloehlein","Christian Loehlein"
"cr_ds_pers_cmoreno","Carolina Moreno"
"cr_ds_pers_cmoriz","Christian Moriz"
"cr_ds_pers_csolleder","Christian Solleder"
"cr_ds_pers_curry","Charlotte Urry"
"cr_ds_pers_cwernberger","Christoffer Wernberger"
"cr_ds_pers_dcooke","Dan Cooke"
"cr_ds_pers_depke","Dave Epke"
"cr_ds_pers_dfalcone","Daniele Falcone"
"cr_ds_pers_dgaitzsch","Daniel Gaitzsch"
"cr_ds_pers_dpolo","Daniel Polo"
"cr_ds_pers_dscarborough","Daniel Emery"
"cr_ds_pers_ediaz","Elena Díaz"
"cr_ds_pers_fbrena","Federica Brena"
"cr_ds_pers_fgoudet","Fabrice Goudet"
"cr_ds_pers_gcampoy","Georgina Campoy"
"cr_ds_pers_gmulligan","Geoff Mulligan"
"cr_ds_pers_gvoces","Gustavo Voces"
"cr_ds_pers_gwilson","Patrick Lorkin"
"cr_ds_pers_jdewulf","Jochen Dewulf"
"cr_ds_pers_jeidelmann","John Eidelmann"
"cr_ds_pers_jelrab","Julien El Rab"
"cr_ds_pers_jfahrbach2","Joern Fahrbach"
"cr_ds_pers_jlivett","James Livett"
"cr_ds_pers_jmastnak2","Jasmin Mastnak"
"cr_ds_pers_jmoller2","Jennifer Möller"
"cr_ds_pers_jnovotarski","Jonathan Novotarski"
"cr_ds_pers_khumer","Katja Humer"
"cr_ds_pers_kjungmichel2","Kay Jungmichel"
"cr_ds_pers_kklimmkewitz","Kalle Klimmkewitz"
"cr_ds_pers_kpatel","Kalpesh Patel"
"cr_ds_pers_krussell","Keith Russell"
"cr_ds_pers_ktheurer","Kerin Theurer"
"cr_ds_pers_lkotrly","Lukas Kotrly"
"cr_ds_pers_mgerhold2","Mario Gerhold"
"cr_ds_pers_mguerra","Mercedes Guerra"
"cr_ds_pers_mkiesow","Martin ""Dean"" Kiesow"
"cr_ds_pers_mkofelenz","Marcus Kofelenz"
"cr_ds_pers_mlindmayr2","Marion Lindmayr"
"cr_ds_pers_mminelli","Michele Minelli"
"cr_ds_pers_mmirza","Mohsin Mirza"
"cr_ds_pers_mpascual2","Matt Pascual"
"cr_ds_pers_mswaters","Martijn Swaters"
"cr_ds_pers_mvanderbil","Menno van der Bil"
"cr_ds_pers_ndoualane","Nazim Doualane"
"cr_ds_pers_ngill","Navraj Gill"
"cr_ds_pers_nlindner","Nikke Lindner"
"cr_ds_pers_nturner","Nick Turner"
"cr_ds_pers_ocomte","Olivier Comte"
"cr_ds_pers_odelmoral","Óscar del Moral"
"cr_ds_pers_ohurtaud","Oceane Hurtaud"
"cr_ds_pers_pfoly","Philipp Foly"
"cr_ds_pers_pmenzaghi","Paola Menzaghi"
"cr_ds_pers_pvinson","Pierre Vinson"
"cr_ds_pers_rboguszewski","Rafal Boguszewski"
"cr_ds_pers_rinderst","Dr. Rudolf Inderst"
"cr_ds_pers_rraffel","Ronald Raffel"
"cr_ds_pers_rserrano","Roberto Serrano"
"cr_ds_pers_sbertuzzo","Stefano Bertuzzo"
"cr_ds_pers_sbrown","Samuel Brown"
"cr_ds_pers_ssacchi","Sara Sacchi"
"cr_ds_pers_sseeholzer","Susanne Seeholzer"
"cr_ds_pers_sschmidt2","Stephan Schmidt"
"cr_ds_pers_tsighart","Thomas Sighart"
"cr_ds_pers_twestphal2","Tim Westphal"
"cr_ds_pers_ubettini","Umberto Bettini"
"cr_ds_pers_wbouari","Wafae Bouari"
"cr_ds_pers_wpowers","Will Powers"
"cr_ds_pers_xlipomi","Xavier Lipomi"
"cr_ds_pers_yarita","Yasutaka Arita"
"cr_ds_QA_title","Quality Assurance"
"cr_ds_role_ad","Art Director"
"cr_ds_role_bd","Business Development "
"cr_ds_role_bdd","Business Development Director "
"cr_ds_role_bdm","Business Development Manager "
"cr_ds_role_benelux","Benelux"
"cr_ds_role_bm","Benelux Marketing"
"cr_ds_role_cm","Community Manager"
"cr_ds_role_cm2","Communications Manager"
"cr_ds_role_contentmng","Content Manager"
"cr_ds_role_coo","Chief Operating Officer"
"cr_ds_role_cqam","Compliance & Quality Assurance Management"
"cr_ds_role_dam2","Digital Account Manager"
"cr_ds_role_dtmm","Digital Trade Marketing Manager"
"cr_ds_role_em2","Event Manager"
"cr_ds_role_fm","French Marketing"
"cr_ds_role_france","France"
"cr_ds_role_genmngit","General Manager"
"cr_ds_role_genmngsp","General Manager"
"cr_ds_role_glabmng","GamesLab Manager"
"cr_ds_role_glocomman","Global Commercial Management"
"cr_ds_role_hocs","Head of Creative Services"
"cr_ds_role_hod","Head of Digital"
"cr_ds_role_hoim","Head of International Marketing"
"cr_ds_role_holqa","Head of Localization & Quality Assurance"
"cr_ds_role_hosps","Head of Sales Planning & Strategy"
"cr_ds_role_host","Head of International Export Sales & Marketing"
"cr_ds_role_icd","International Commercial Director"
"cr_ds_role_idp2","International Director Production"
"cr_ds_role_im","Italian Marketing"
"cr_ds_role_imd2","International Marketing Director"
"cr_ds_role_internat","International & GSA Marketing"
"cr_ds_role_italy","Italy"
"cr_ds_role_jdam","Junior Digital Account Manager"
"cr_ds_role_jomm2","Jr. Online Marketing Manager"
"cr_ds_role_jrsales2","Jr. International Sales Analyst"
"cr_ds_role_l_lm","Localization & L-QA Management"
"cr_ds_role_mm","Marketing Manager"
"cr_ds_role_mm2","Marketing Manager"
"cr_ds_role_mngdirben","Managing Director"
"cr_ds_role_mngdirfr","Managing Director"
"cr_ds_role_mngdirnord","Managing Director"
"cr_ds_role_nm","Nordic Marketing"
"cr_ds_role_nordic","Norway"
"cr_ds_role_northam","North America"
"cr_ds_role_omm2","Online Marketing Manager"
"cr_ds_role_pcm","Publishing Compliance Manager"
"cr_ds_role_pm","PR Manager"
"cr_ds_role_prdev","Product Development"
"cr_ds_role_prodmng","Product Management"
"cr_ds_role_prodrelmng","Production/Release Manager"
"cr_ds_role_production","Production"
"cr_ds_role_rm","Release Management"
"cr_ds_role_sad","Senior Art Director"
"cr_ds_role_samaguki","Sales & Marketing Assistant Games UK & International"
"cr_ds_role_sbdm","Senior Business Development Manager "
"cr_ds_role_scm2","Senior Communications Manager"
"cr_ds_role_sm","Spanish Marketing"
"cr_ds_role_smcm","International Community Strategist"
"cr_ds_role_spain","Spain"
"cr_ds_role_spm","Senior Product Manager"
"cr_ds_role_spmm","Sr. PR & Marketing Manager"
"cr_ds_role_st","Special Thanks"
"cr_ds_role_uk","United Kingdom"
"cr_ds_role_videdit","Video Editor"
"cr_ds_role_videxp","Video Expert"
"cr_ds_Scrs_mschuller2","Melanie Schüller"
"cr_ds_sp_acianci","Marco Cianci"
"cr_ds_sp_asendino","Nacho Sendino"
"cr_dsarkis","David Sarkisjan"
"cr_dsir","David Šír"
"cr_dsklar","Daniel Sklář"
"cr_dstansbury","Dalton Stansbury"
"cr_dstejskal","David Stejskal, CSA"
"cr_dtimofeyev","Dmitry Timofeyev"
"cr_dtp","DTP Art"
"cr_dtur","Doğukan Tur"
"cr_dum_ctnosti","Dům Rytířských Ctností"
"cr_dvasic","Daniela Vašicová"
"cr_dvavra","Daniel Vávra"
"cr_dvavra2","Daniel Vávra"
"cr_dvavra3","Daniel Vávra"
"cr_dwalter","Daniel Walter"
"cr_dwester","Daniel Westergren"
"cr_dzadak","Daniel Zadák"
"cr_earl_thorn","Earl_Thorn"
"cr_easypoint","Štěpán Kahánek, EasyPoint"
"cr_ehapala","Eliáš Alon Hapala"
"cr_ehodinova","Eva Hodinová (A.R.G.O.)"
"cr_ekrejci","Emílie Krejčí"
"cr_ekrouska","Eva Krouská"
"cr_empty","..."
"cr_empty10","..."
"cr_empty11","..."
"cr_empty12","..."
"cr_empty13","..."
"cr_empty14","..."
"cr_empty15","..."
"cr_empty16","..."
"cr_empty17","..."
"cr_empty18","..."
"cr_empty19","..."
"cr_empty2","..."
"cr_empty20","..."
"cr_empty21","..."
"cr_empty3","..."
"cr_empty4","..."
"cr_empty5","..."
"cr_empty6","..."
"cr_empty7","..."
"cr_empty8","..."
"cr_empty9","..."
"cr_eng_trans","English Translators"
"cr_epictv","EP!C TV (Martin Matějka, Tomáš Skoupý)"
"cr_executive_producer","Executive Producer"
"cr_executive_producer2","Executive Producer"
"cr_ezinn","Esther Zinn"
"cr_face","Additional Models"
"cr_facial_andrew","Andrew"
"cr_facial_bernard","Captain Bernard"
"cr_facial_capon","Capon"
"cr_facial_divish","Divish of Talmberg"
"cr_facial_father","Henry's Father"
"cr_facial_feyfar","Tobias Feyfar"
"cr_facial_fritz","Fritz"
"cr_facial_godwin","Father Godwin"
"cr_facial_hanush","Hanush of Leipa"
"cr_facial_henry","Henry"
"cr_facial_istvan","Istvan"
"cr_facial_jobst","Jobst of Moravia"
"cr_facial_kyeser","Konrad Kyeser"
"cr_facial_markvart","Markvart von Aulitz"
"cr_facial_matthew","Matthew"
"cr_facial_radzig","Radzig Kobyla"
"cr_facial_robard","Robard of Talmberg"
"cr_facial_runt","Runt"
"cr_facial_stephanie","Stephanie of Talmberg"
"cr_facial_theresa","Theresa"
"cr_facial_ulrich","Ulrich"
"cr_fagot","Bassoons"
"cr_feek","Feek"
"cr_ffik","Filip Fík"
"cr_ffuk","Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague"
"cr_fg_forrest","FG Forrest"
"cr_fgoringer","František Göringer"
"cr_fhustitstvi","Forum husitstvi.cz"
"cr_fik","Evžen Fík"
"cr_filip","Filip Nový"
"cr_fjanik","František Janík"
"cr_fkimel","Filip Kimel"
"cr_fletna","Flutes"
"cr_floyo","Floyo"
"cr_forum","Warhorse Forum Community"
"cr_forum_karlin","Forum Karlín (Štěpánka Redlichová, Alžběta Klímková, Aleš Kalný)"
"cr_fr_trans","French Translator"
"cr_freix","Freix"
"cr_fschejbal","Filip Schejbal - principal"
"cr_fujitsu","Fujitsu Technology Solution (Samy Khaleg, Filip Snášel)"
"cr_fwright","Felix Wright"
"cr_fwurgler","Felix Würgler"
"cr_gadams","Gabrielle Adams"
"cr_game_editor","Game Editor"
"cr_gandrews","Gabriel Andrews"
"cr_ggudgeon","Gregory Gudgeon"
"cr_gingerfox","GingerFox"
"cr_gkuszrich","Georg Kusztrich"
"cr_gmolnar","Gábor Molnár"
"cr_gryphonheart","Gryphonheart"
"cr_gsanchez","Gómez Sánchez"
"cr_gtruefitt","Gordon Truefitt"
"cr_guman","Jakub Guman"
"cr_gw","Gesellschaft Wiktenauers, the Wiktenauer Society"
"cr_gzmedia","GZ Media, a.s."
"cr_hanibal85","Hanibal85"
"cr_harfa","Harp"
"cr_hbaborakova","Hana Baboráková"
"cr_hdostalova","Hana Dostálová"
"cr_hehrlichova","Hana Ehrlichová"
"cr_hema","HEMA Historical European Martial Arts Alliance"
"cr_hfilcikova","Helena Filcíková"
"cr_hheissler","Herbert Heissler"
"cr_hkutmanova","Hana Kutmanová"
"cr_hlotker","Howard Lotker"
"cr_hmatejickova","Hana Matějíčková"
"cr_hmotkova","Kamila Moťková"
"cr_hoboj","Oboes"
"cr_horkin","Haris Orkin"
"cr_horna","Horns"
"cr_hpelikan","Hugo Pelikán"
"cr_hprchlikova","Hana Prchlíková"
"cr_hsaturkova","Hana Saturková"
"cr_hskvrn","Hana Škvrňová"
"cr_hsmejkalova","Helena Smejkalová"
"cr_hsrekova","Hana Šreková"
"cr_hullrich","Herbert Ullrich"
"cr_hvajs","Henrieta Vajsábelová"
"cr_hvovsova","Helena Vovsová"
"cr_chi_trans","Chinese Translators"
"cr_choir3","Choir"
"cr_choir4","Choir"
"cr_chor","Choir Vocalists"
"cr_chrisp","Christian Pascal Piontek"
"cr_icervenko","Ivan Čerevko"
"cr_icomer","Ida Rose Comer"
"cr_idubec","Ivan Dubec"
"cr_iivanov","Ivan Ivanov"
"cr_illuminatus","Illuminatus"
"cr_image_0","0"
"cr_image_1","1"
"cr_image_2","2"
"cr_image_3","3"
"cr_image_3b","3"
"cr_image_3c","3"
"cr_image_4","4"
"cr_image_5","5"
"cr_image_6","6"
"cr_image_8","8"
"cr_inovakov","Ivan Novakov"
"cr_intern","Interns"
"cr_it","IT Support"
"cr_ivan","Ivan Čerevko"
"cr_ivavrova","Ivanka Vávrová"
"cr_ivranova","Irena Vránová"
"cr_jabba","Jan Zámečník"
"cr_janatka","Evžen Janatka"
"cr_janfo","Janfo"
"cr_jann","Jan Němec"
"cr_janska","Simona Jánská"
"cr_jantos","Jaroslav Antoš"
"cr_jantos2","Jaroslav Antoš"
"cr_jbartova","Jaroslava Bártová"
"cr_jbecker","Jade Becker"
"cr_jbodak","Jan Bodák"
"cr_jbouskova","Jana Boušková"
"cr_jcerveny","Jiří Červený"
"cr_jcomer","John Comer"
"cr_jcomer2","John Comer"
"cr_jczaplinska","Joanna Czaplińska"
"cr_jdeyonker","Jay DeYonker"
"cr_jdoreck","Jared Doreck"
"cr_jduchek","Johana Duchková"
"cr_jenik","In loving memory of Jeník ""Warhorse Dog"""
"cr_jfaktor","Jindřich Faktor"
"cr_jfiala","Jan Fiala"
"cr_jfigura","Jindřich Figura"
"cr_jforman","Jiří Formánek"
"cr_jgemrot","Jakub Gemrot"
"cr_jguruncz","Josef Guruncz"
"cr_jhanakova","Jana Hanáková"
"cr_jhanzova","Jana Hanzová"
"cr_jhigh","Jim High"
"cr_jchmatal","Jonáš Chmátal"
"cr_jirka","Jiří Bartoněk"
"cr_jirsa2","Prokop Jirsa"
"cr_jjanecek","Jiří Janeček"
"cr_jjech","Jiří Jech"
"cr_jjosephson","Julie Josephson"
"cr_jjung","Jiří Jung"
"cr_jkadlcik","Jiří Kadlčík"
"cr_jkalina","Jan Kalina"
"cr_jkalinova","Johana Kalinová"
"cr_jkalivoda","Jan Kalivoda"
"cr_jkeller","Jan Keller"
"cr_jklipa","PhDr. Jan Klípa"
"cr_jkosar","Jan Košař"
"cr_jkothera","Jiří Kothera"
"cr_jkratochvil","Jiří Kratochvíl"
"cr_jkrejci","Jan Krejčí"
"cr_jkudrnac","Jan Kudrnáč"
"cr_jkydlicek","Jabub Kydlíček"
"cr_jlohotsky","Josef Lhotský"
"cr_jlos","Josef Loš"
"cr_jmarek","Jan Marek"
"cr_jmarik","Jakub Mařík "
"cr_jmarko","Jakub Marko"
"cr_jmasek","Jan Mašek"
"cr_jmatejicek","Jakub Matějíček"
"cr_jmilik","Jan Milík"
"cr_jmilik2","Jan Milík"
"cr_jminnice","Jason Minnice"
"cr_jmirola","Jakub Mirola"
"cr_jmocarko","Jan Močarko"
"cr_jmodrak","Jan Modrák"
"cr_jnemejovsky","Jan Nemejovský"
"cr_jnovak","Jakub Novák"
"cr_jnowak","Joanna Nowak"
"cr_joana","Joanna Nowak"
"cr_jonischaf","jonischaf"
"cr_jouke","Jouke Jan Timmermans"
"cr_jperny","Jan Perný"
"cr_jposton","John Poston"
"cr_jpremyslovsky","Jan Přemyslovský"
"cr_jpreston","Jennifer Preston"
"cr_jprusova","Jana Průšková"
"cr_jr","Jiří Rýdl"
"cr_jrous","Jakub Rous"
"cr_jroyt","Prof. Jan Royt"
"cr_jrucker","Jan Rücker"
"cr_jsehnoutek","Jan Sehnoutek"
"cr_jsimunek","Jan Šimůnek"
"cr_jskalska","Jana Skalská Obročníková"
"cr_jskoda","Jiří Škoda"
"cr_jskupy","Juraj Skúpy"
"cr_jsmejkal2","Jan Smejkal"
"cr_jsourek","Jan Šourek"
"cr_jsvarc","Jiří Švarc"
"cr_jsvec","Jakub Švec"
"cr_jtucek","Jan TJ Tuček"
"cr_jvachek","Josef Vachek"
"cr_jvalta","Jan Valta"
"cr_jvancurova","Jana Vančurová"
"cr_jvanz","Josef Vanžura"
"cr_jvas","Jan Valta & Adam Sporka"
"cr_Jvasina","Jiří Vašina"
"cr_jvavra","Jan Vávra"
"cr_jvavrova","Johanka Vávrová"
"cr_jvitek","Josef Vítek"
"cr_jvoboril","Jan Vobořil - principal"
"cr_jvoves","Jaroslav Voves"
"cr_jwrobel","Joanna Wróbel"
"cr_jzdvihal","Jiří Zdvihal"
"cr_jzejfart","Jonáš Zejfart"
"cr_jzeman","Jan Zeman"
"cr_jzitna","Jeremy Zitná"
"cr_jzluticky","Jiří Žlutický"
"cr_katkam","Kateřina Matějíčková"
"cr_kawang","Kaiyuan Wang"
"cr_kbernhardt","Kevin Bernhardt"
"cr_kbranikova","Karolína Bráníková"
"cr_kcizlova","Kateřina Cízlová"
"cr_kclark","Kevin Michael Clarke"
"cr_kgrap","Klaus-Peter Grap"
"cr_khavlova","Klára Havlová"
"cr_khons","Karel Hons"
"cr_kchudy","Karel Chudý"
"cr_kjanalova","Kateřina Janálová"
"cr_kjandackova","Kateřina Jandáčková"
"cr_kjarolimkova","Květa Jarolímková"
"cr_kjavurkova","Kateřina Javůrková"
"cr_kkaniova","Karolína Kaniová"
"cr_kkolmann","Karel Kolmann"
"cr_kkubickova","Karolína Kubičková"
"cr_kkucera","Karel Kučera"
"cr_kkyeser","Konrad Kyeser"
"cr_klarinet","Clarinet"
"cr_klementinum","Klementinum, National Library of the Czech Republic"
"cr_klochthove","Klaus Lochthove"
"cr_kmalimanek","Karel Malimánek"
"cr_kmaskova","Kristýna Mašková"
"cr_kmatejickova","Kateřina Matějíčková"
"cr_knemeth","Kryštof Nemeth"
"cr_kneubauer","Kurt Neubauer"
"cr_kocian","Kocián Šolc Balaštík, advokátní kancelář, s.r.o."
"cr_kontrabasy","Basses"
"cr_kovar","Blacksmithing"
"cr_kpeterka","Kryštof Peterka"
"cr_kpribyl","Karel Přibyl"
"cr_kprochazka","Karel Procházka"
"cr_krajstred","The Central Bohemia Region (www.kr-stredocesky.cz)"
"cr_krucinin","Šimon Kručinin"
"cr_kseverova","Kateřina Severová"
"cr_kskupa","Kristýna Skúpa"
"cr_kstankova","Kateřina Staňková"
"cr_kszeman","Katalin Kis-Szemán"
"cr_ktaufman","Karel Taufman"
"cr_kuba","Jakub Holík"
"cr_kuntermuller","Karel Untermüller - principal"
"cr_kutnahora","City of Kutná Hora"
"cr_kwang","Naiyu Wang"
"cr_kzimma","Dr. Karolina Zimna-Kawecka"
"cr_lamproly","Lamproly"
"cr_lborovicka","Lukáš Borovička"
"cr_lcodr","Lukáš Codr"
"cr_ldale","Luke Dale"
"cr_ldale2","Luke Dale"
"cr_lead_animator","Animation Leads"
"cr_lead_artist","Lead Environment Artist"
"cr_lead_concept","Art Director"
"cr_lead_cutscenes","Cinematic Director"
"cr_lead_designer","Lead Designer"
"cr_lead_designer2","Lead Designer"
"cr_lead_eng_editor","English Language Editor"
"cr_lead_eng_writer","Lead English Writer"
"cr_lead_char","Lead Character Artist"
"cr_lead_mngmnt","Chief Executive Officer"
"cr_lead_music","Music by"
"cr_lead_programmer","Lead Programmer"
"cr_lead_programmer2","Lead and Graphics Programmer"
"cr_lead_qa","QA Lead"
"cr_lead_research","Lead Researcher"
"cr_lead_sound","Sound Director"
"cr_lead_techanim","Technical Animator"
"cr_lead_writer","Lead Writer"
"cr_legal_only_pc_xbox","…"
"cr_legal_only_ps4","…"
"cr_lgale","Luke Gale"
"cr_lguingand","Loïc Guingand"
"cr_lhilier","Logan Hillier"
"cr_lhillier2","Logan Hillier"
"cr_lholocsy","Lukáš Holocsy"
"cr_lhoudre","Loïc Houdré"
"cr_lieste","Lieste"
"cr_ljancik","Lubomír Jančík"
"cr_ljancik2","Luboš Jančík"
"cr_lkalasova","Lucie Kalašová"
"cr_lkovarik","Lubomír Kovařík"
"cr_lkrasa","Lukáš Krása"
"cr_lkrcova","Ludmila Krčová"
"cr_lkrejci","Lubomír Krejčí"
"cr_lli","Lingfeng Li"
"cr_lmach","Lukáš Mach"
"cr_lmoravec","Lubomír Moravec"
"cr_local_lead","Localization Manager"
"cr_logik","LOGIK, s.r.o."
"cr_lorgonas","Ľudmila Orgonášová"
"cr_lprchlik","Lucie Prchlíková"
"cr_lrerichova","Lenka Řeřichová"
"cr_lseidel","Lukáš Seidel"
"cr_lseidel2","Lukáš Seidel"
"cr_lsluka","Ladislav Sluka"
"cr_lsuk","Luboš Suk"
"cr_ltaylor","Lindsay Taylor"
"cr_ludek","Luděk Hroch"
"cr_luhrova","Lucie Ternová (Uhrová)"
"cr_lukostrelba","Archery"
"cr_lvalta","Lukáš Valta"
"cr_lvilimec","Libor Vilímec"
"cr_lvorisek","Lukáš Voříšek"
"cr_lwicha","Lukáš Wicha"
"cr_madam","Martin Adam"
"cr_malesov","Brewery and Citadel of Malešov (Ondřej Slačálek, Jan Prokop)"
"cr_man","Petr Man"
"cr_mantos","Martin Antoš"
"cr_marfyz_consult","AI Consultants"
"cr_marketing","Marketing Manager"
"cr_marko","Matej Marko"
"cr_martin","Martin Klíma"
"cr_masozravapalma","masozravapalma"
"cr_matej","Ondřej Matějka"
"cr_matfyz","Charles University"
"cr_matfyz2","Faculty of Mathematics and Physics"
"cr_matoha","Ondřej Malota"
"cr_matus","Matúš Garaj"
"cr_may","Myles May"
"cr_mbacova","Martina Bačová"
"cr_mbednar","Martin Bednář"
"cr_mbelousov","Michael Belousov"
"cr_mbode","Michael Bode"
"cr_mcap","Martin Čáp"
"cr_mcech","Mikoláš Čech"
"cr_mcihak","Milan Čihák"
"cr_mcoupek","Martin „Drak“ Čoupek"
"cr_mcram","Marc Cram"
"cr_mcwonderbeast","McWonderBeast"
"cr_mdobry","Miroslav Krak Dobry"
"cr_mdvorak","Michael Dvořák"
"cr_mehapalova","Miriam Ela Hapalová"
"cr_mechr_figure","Tin Figures Production"
"cr_melznic","Marek Elznic"
"cr_merch_coins","Coin Minting"
"cr_merch_dice","Dice Set"
"cr_merch_engraving","Wood Engraving Design & Production"
"cr_merch_other","Additional"
"cr_merch_print","Art Book, Collector’s Box"
"cr_merch_shirts","T-shirts"
"cr_merch_storage","Logistic Services"
"cr_merch_sword","Swords & Shields"
"cr_merchandising","Backer Rewards"
"cr_mfialka","Marek Fialka"
"cr_mfionda","Melissa Fionda"
"cr_mfryv","Martin Frývaldský"
"cr_mfryv2","Martin Frývaldský"
"cr_mfucik","Martin Fučík"
"cr_mgrzelak","Miłka Grzelak"
"cr_mhauser","Ing. arch. M. Hauserová"
"cr_mhejna","Markéta Hejná"
"cr_mholis","Miroslav Holiš"
"cr_mhoz","Michal Hoz"
"cr_mhusitstvi","Hussite Museum in Tábor"
"cr_mchadtova","Marta Chadtová"
"cr_mib","Michal Bartoň"
"cr_mikee","Michal Hapala"
"cr_miki","Mikuláš Podprocký"
"cr_mince2","Coin Engraving & Minting"
"cr_mjancikova","Martina Jančíková"
"cr_mjarol","Michal Jarolímek"
"cr_mjedlicka","Michal Jedlička"
"cr_mjirka","Martin Jirka"
"cr_mjong","Marijn De Jong"
"cr_mkaluzova","Martina Kalužová"
"cr_mkcerny","Marek Černý"
"cr_mklekner","Martin Klekner"
"cr_mkloss","Michal Kloss"
"cr_mkodydek","Miloš Kodýdek"
"cr_mkolj","Milena Koljenšič"
"cr_mkomarek","Martin Komárek"
"cr_mkoska","Mikuláš Koska"
"cr_mkostka","Michal Kostka"
"cr_mkovar","PhDr. Miroslav Kovář"
"cr_mkozak","Martin Kozák"
"cr_mkozlovsky","Marek Kozlovský"
"cr_mkratochvil","PhD. Matěj Kratochvíl"
"cr_mkubat","Marek Kubát"
"cr_mlabut","Martin Labuť"
"cr_mlanda","Marek Landa"
"cr_mlang","Maxi Lange"
"cr_mlouma","Miroslav Louma"
"cr_mlukac","Michal Lukáč"
"cr_mlumbertova","Marie Lumbertová"
"cr_mmaneiro","Maja Maneiro"
"cr_mmarek","Martin Marek, Figurky.cz"
"cr_mmaxwell","Margaret Maxwell"
"cr_mmichalik","Martin Michalík "
"cr_mmodrak","Martin Modrák (Černý)"
"cr_mnadassy","Matyáš Nádassy"
"cr_mnovotny","Marek Novotný"
"cr_mocap","Motion Capture"
"cr_mocap_advisors","Swordfighting Advisors"
"cr_mocap_oper","MoCap Operators "
"cr_mocap_perf","MoCap Actors"
"cr_mocap_td","MoCap Technical Director"
"cr_mojmir","Mojmír Svoboda"
"cr_molmer","Martin Olmer"
"cr_motioncaption","Motion Capture Services "
"cr_mpalenicek","Michal Páleníček"
"cr_mpatyna","Michael John Patyna"
"cr_mpichlikova","Markéta Pichlíková"
"cr_mpitthan","Michael Pitthan"
"cr_mpodrocky","Mikuláš Podprocký"
"cr_mpolak","Milan Polák"
"cr_mprochazkova","Marie Procházková"
"cr_mpuncochar","Miroslav Punčochář"
"cr_mreichard","Martin Reichard "
"cr_mrericha","Milan Řeřicha"
"cr_mrosenberg","Marco Rosenberg"
"cr_mruzicka","Martin Růžička"
"cr_msadecka","Markéta Sádecká"
"cr_mseverin","Marian Severin Weiss"
"cr_msinkulova","Michaela Sinkulová"
"cr_msourek","Martin Šourek"
"cr_mstedra","Ing. Milan Štědra"
"cr_mstribra","Czech Museum of Silver"
"cr_mstriz","Milan Střiž"
"cr_mstrnad","Martin Strnad"
"cr_mstys","Martin Štýs"
"cr_mtlusty","Michal Tlustý"
"cr_mtomin","Marek Tomin"
"cr_mtrneny","Michal Trněný"
"cr_mtvrdy","Marek Tvrdý"
"cr_mtvrdy2","Marek Tvrdý"
"cr_music_dire","Contractors"
"cr_music_premises","Recorded at "
"cr_mvajo","Marek Vajo"
"cr_mvavra","Michal Vávra"
"cr_mvavron","Milan Vavroň"
"cr_mverner","Matouš Verner"
"cr_mvlk","Matěj Vlk"
"cr_mvrtil","Michal Vrtílek"
"cr_mwolf","Matthew Wolf"
"cr_mwolf2","Matthew Wolf"
"cr_mzbezek","Martin Zbezek"
"cr_mzelenka","Marek Zelenka"
"cr_mzelinka","Mikuláš Zelinka"
"cr_mziegler","Martin Ziegler"
"cr_mziegler2","Markus Ziegler "
"cr_mzvuku","Sound Engineer"
"cr_nab_baroko","www.baroko.cz"
"cr_nabytek","Furnishing"
"cr_nbcasting","Nancy Bishop Casting"
"cr_nbishop","Nancy Bishop, CSA"
"cr_nbojtosova","Nikki Böjtösová"
"cr_ncomer","Nina Maureen Comer"
"cr_ncomer2","Norman Comer"
"cr_ngalerie","National Gallery in Prague"
"cr_nlazarev","Nikolai Lazarev"
"cr_noharm","No (real) animals were harmed during the development of this game."
"cr_norsillo","Nicholas Orsillo"
"cr_obalcar","Ondřej Balcar"
"cr_obenda","Ondřej Benda"
"cr_obittner","Ondřej Bittner"
"cr_obittner3","Ondřej Bittner"
"cr_obleceni","Clothing"
"cr_oclarke","Osborne Clarke LLP"
"cr_odesigners","Open World Designer"
"cr_ofabian","Oscar Fabián "
"cr_ohavel","Ondřej Havel"
"cr_ohudec","Ondřej Hudeček"
"cr_okozlikova","Olívia Kozlíková"
"cr_omalota3","Ondřej Malota"
"cr_onedvedova","Olívie Nedvědová"
"cr_opiskacek","Ondřej Piskáček"
"cr_orbispictures","Orbis Pictures Agency s.r.o."
"cr_oreiprich","Oto Reiprich"
"cr_orchest","WH Studios Orchestra"
"cr_osedlar","Ondřej Sedlár"
"cr_ostorek","Ondřej Štorek"
"cr_ostuchl","Ondřej Stuchl"
"cr_ourban","Ondřej Urban"
"cr_pabel","Pavlo Belan"
"cr_particles","Particle Effects"
"cr_pbeskyd","Pavel Beskyd"
"cr_pbrabcova","Petra Brabcová"
"cr_pcornej","PhDr. Petr Čornej"
"cr_pdean","Paul Dean"
"cr_pdostal","Pavel Dostál"
"cr_pejp","Jaromír Papežík"
"cr_petr","Petr Samek"
"cr_petra","Petra Hapalová (Kalinová)"
"cr_petro","Petr Ondráček"
"cr_pferst","Pavla Ferstová"
"cr_pferst2","Pavla Ferstová"
"cr_pferst3","Pavla Ferstová"
"cr_pfilm","Side"
"cr_pgaffney","Peter Gaffney"
"cr_ph","Petr Hanuš"
"cr_phaidon","Phaidon"
"cr_phaluza","Pavel Haluza"
"cr_phanak","Pavel Hanák"
"cr_phanakml","Pavel Hanák ml."
"cr_phorejsi","Pavel Hořejší"
"cr_phosking","Peter Hosking"
"cr_phousle","Violins"
"cr_phudecek","Petr Hudeček"
"cr_pigliarova","Petra Igliarová"
"cr_pjakl","Petr Jákl"
"cr_pjanecek","Petr Janeček"
"cr_pjirsa3","Prokop Jirsa"
"cr_pkachlik","Pavel Kachlík"
"cr_pkejna","Petr Kejda"
"cr_pklouda","Petr Klouda"
"cr_pkolar","Pavel Kolář"
"cr_pkollertisch","Philipp Kolleritsch"
"cr_pkratochvil","Petr Kratochvíl"
"cr_pkutman","Pavel Kutman"
"cr_plattnerlehrling","Plattnerlehrling"
"cr_pludvik","Pavel Ludvík"
"cr_plysakova","Pavlína Lysáková"
"cr_pmacku","Mgr. Pavel Macků"
"cr_pmalac","Petr Maláč"
"cr_pman","Petr Man"
"cr_pmanova","Patricie Manová"
"cr_pnovak","Peter Novák"
"cr_pnusek","Petr Nůsek (A.R.G.O.)"
"cr_po_trans","Polish Translators"
"cr_pokrok","Studio Pokrok"
"cr_postkom","Postkom s.r.o."
"cr_povesny","Pavel Ovesný"
"cr_ppavlas","Petr Pavlas"
"cr_ppekar","Petr Pekař"
"cr_pplcz","PPL CZ s.r.o."
"cr_ppolak","Pavel Polák"
"cr_ppospech","Pavel Pospěch"
"cr_pr_community","Community Managers"
"cr_pr_intern","Intern"
"cr_pr_production","Production Managers"
"cr_pr_updates","Video Updates"
"cr_pravnici","Legal Services"
"cr_preh","Pavel Reh"
"cr_prminovna","Pražská mincovna a.s."
"cr_prod_office","Producers"
"cr_prod_scrum","Scrum Master"
"cr_production","Production Manager"
"cr_produk_pokrok","Production"
"cr_prokop","Prokop Jirsa"
"cr_prokyb","Prokop Filcík"
"cr_psimcik","Petr Šimčík"
"cr_pskalsky","Pavel Skalský"
"cr_pslavinska","Petra Slavinská"
"cr_psmrcek","Petr Smrček"
"cr_psommer","Prof. Petr Sommer"
"cr_pstatham","Paul R. Statham"
"cr_psus","Philip Süß"
"cr_ptuc","Pavel Tuč"
"cr_ptybkl","Pavel Týbl"
"cr_pzdvihal","Petr Zdvihal - principal"
"cr_pzvelebil","Petr Zvelebil"
"cr_quickstep","Quick-Step Floor Cycling Team"
"cr_radek","Radek Ševčík"
"cr_raha","Ondřej Řáha"
"cr_railbalco","RailBalco"
"cr_ralf","Ralf"
"cr_rambo","Rambo"
"cr_rataj","rataj"
"cr_rataje","Town of Rataje (Luboš Kubát)"
"cr_rbarak","Rozálie Baráková"
"cr_rbrejcha","Radek Brejcha"
"cr_rdwelly","Rosie Dwelly"
"cr_research","History Advisors"
"cr_rigliar","Radovan Igliar"
"cr_rkoudleka","Roman Koudelka"
"cr_rlagnese","Rick Lagnese"
"cr_rlevene","Rebecca Levene"
"cr_rmindek","Roman Mindek"
"cr_rnovotny","PhDr. Robert Novotný"
"cr_robin","Robin Hub"
"cr_rpartu","Copyist"
"cr_rpopel","Radek Popel"
"cr_rpreislerova","Radka Preislerová"
"cr_rprokes","Ronald Prokeš"
"cr_rseidel","Radek Seidel"
"cr_ru_trans","Russian Translators for Tech Beta"
"cr_rudolfinum","Dvořák Hall in Rudolfinum, Prague"
"cr_rudolfinum2","Rudolfinum (Alena Špačková)"
"cr_rvalta","Radim Valta"
"cr_rwaschka","Robert Waschka"
"cr_rwaschka2","Robert Waschka"
"cr_rwilliams","Randall Scott Williams"
"cr_ryan","Ryan "
"cr_rzavada","Richard Závada"
"cr_rzeman","Richard Zeman"
"cr_rzeman2","Richard Zeman"
"cr_samopse","Municipal Office of Samopše Village (Mrs. Horáková)"
"cr_sandbox_strat","Sandbox Strategies (Corey Wade)"
"cr_sandbox_strat2","Kickstarter Campaign PR"
"cr_sazava","Sázava Monastery (Radim Cigánek)"
"cr_sbarlien","Sam Barlien"
"cr_sbartonek","Sára Bartoňková"
"cr_sbendova","Sára Bendová"
"cr_sclarisse","Samuel Clarisse"
"cr_script_consult","Script Consultant"
"cr_sdowning","Sini Downing"
"cr_sdvorak","Štěpán Dvořák"
"cr_seat","SEAT Czech Republic (Filip Stoulil)"
"cr_sejv","Jiří Šejvl"
"cr_sen_animator","Senior Animator"
"cr_severa","Ervín Severa"
"cr_sfialkova","Štěpánka Fialková"
"cr_sgal","Csaba Gál"
"cr_sgocal","Šimon Gočál"
"cr_side","Prague Film & Theater Center"
"cr_simon","Šimon Soták"
"cr_singer2","Vocals"
"cr_singer3","Soloist"
"cr_singer4","Soloist"
"cr_singer5","Soloists"
"cr_sirwarriant","SirWarriant"
"cr_sjanecek","Šimon Janeček"
"cr_skald","Skald"
"cr_skboj","Prague Trolls (Tomáš Gajdošík)"
"cr_skment","Štěpán Kment "
"cr_sli","Shiwei Li"
"cr_smejky","Jan Smejkal"
"cr_smiller","Sean Mark Miller"
"cr_smoore","Stewart Moore"
"cr_snapravnikova","Šárka Nápravníková"
"cr_snejdarek","snejdarek"
"cr_soft_freebsd","FreeBSD libc"
"cr_soft_freebsd2","Uses parts of FreeBSD, Copyright (c) 2005 Pascal Gloor (pascal.gloor@spale.com)"
"cr_soft_freebsd3","Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:"
"cr_soft_freebsd4","1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
<br/>2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
<br/>3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission."
"cr_soft_freebsd5","THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
"cr_soft_chromium","Chromium"
"cr_soft_chromium2","Uses parts of Chromium, Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved."
"cr_soft_chromium3","Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:"
"cr_soft_chromium4","* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
<br/>* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
<br/>* Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission."
"cr_soft_chromium5","THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ""AS IS"" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
"cr_soft_ossim","OSSIM"
"cr_soft_ossim2","Uses parts of OSSIM, Copyright (c) 2015 "
"cr_soft_ossim3","Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the ""Software""), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:"
"cr_soft_ossim4","The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software."
"cr_soft_ossim5","THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ""AS IS"", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE."
"cr_soft_wrapx","R3dS"
"cr_soft_wrapx2","WrapX"
"cr_sokol_karlin","T. J. Sokol Karlín (Věra Zajíčková)"
"cr_song_arrange","Arranged by"
"cr_song_avenger","Avenger"
"cr_song_bida","Poverty and Famine"
"cr_song_brevissima","Missa Brevissima"
"cr_song_composed","Composed by"
"cr_song_composed2","Composed by"
"cr_song_composed3","Composed by"
"cr_song_composed4","Composed by"
"cr_song_composed5","Composed by"
"cr_song_imperium","Imperium Dekadenz"
"cr_song_kapak","Jan Kapák, Petr Hosek"
"cr_song_lyrics2","Lyrics by"
"cr_song_lyrics3","Lyrics by"
"cr_song_lyrics4","Lyrics by"
"cr_song_orchestra","Warhorse Studio Orchestra"
"cr_song_performed","Performed by "
"cr_song_performed2","Performed by "
"cr_song_performed3","Performed by "
"cr_song_performed4","Performed by "
"cr_song_thru","Thru the Fog of Time "
"cr_song_umirani","Umírání životem "
"cr_song_vlasy","Till Our Heads Turn White"
"cr_sound_asist","Senior Sound Engineer"
"cr_sound_pokrok","Sound Engineers"
"cr_sp_transl","Spanish Translators"
"cr_spacetti","Sebastien Pacetti"
"cr_spaviza","Štěpán Pavíza                    "
"cr_special_thanks","Special Thanks"
"cr_sphelps","Sinéad Phelps"
"cr_sprchlik","Stela Prchlíková"
"cr_ssikyr","Štěpán Šikýř"
"cr_stalli111","Stalli111"
"cr_stepan","Štěpán Janík"
"cr_stunt_prod","Production Manager"
"cr_sup_services","Support Services"
"cr_svinkler","Stanislav Vinkler"
"cr_svjeeta","Jiří Světinský"
"cr_swift_storm","Swift, Storm"
"cr_swipfler","Silvia Wipfler"
"cr_szawada","Šimon Zawada"
"cr_taubel","TAUBEL LEGAL, advokátní kancelář s.r.o."
"cr_tblaho","Tomáš Blaho"
"cr_tdavidek","Tomáš Davídek"
"cr_team_aireserch","AI Research"
"cr_team_animators","Animators"
"cr_team_artits","Environment Artists"
"cr_team_artits_junior","Junior Environment Artists"
"cr_team_artits_senior","Senior Environment Artists"
"cr_team_concept","Concept Artists"
"cr_team_cutscenes","Cinematics"
"cr_team_design","Writing & Design"
"cr_team_char","Character Artists"
"cr_team_mngmnt","Office Manager"
"cr_team_music","Adaptive Music & Sound Engine"
"cr_team_old_anim","Additional Animators"
"cr_team_old_art","Additional Environment Art"
"cr_team_old_concept","Additional Concept Art"
"cr_team_old_design","Additional Design"
"cr_team_old_pr","Additional Marketing"
"cr_team_old_prog","Additional Programming"
"cr_team_old_qa","Additional QA"
"cr_team_old_script","Additional Scripting"
"cr_team_old_scrum","Additional Scrum Masters"
"cr_team_old_tool","Additional Programming"
"cr_team_physics","Physics Programming"
"cr_team_pr","PR Manager"
"cr_team_programmers","Programming"
"cr_team_qa","QA Team"
"cr_team_script","Scripting"
"cr_team_sound","Sound Editors"
"cr_team_tools","Tools Programming"
"cr_team_ui","UI Programming"
"cr_techn_desing","Technical Designer"
"cr_test_role_abiwojno","Adam Biwojno"
"cr_test_role_afit","Andrzej Fit"
"cr_test_role_aparsons","Alan Parsons"
"cr_test_role_apiesiak","Adam Piesiak"
"cr_test_role_bdd","Business Development Director"
"cr_test_role_bdd2","Functionality Senior QA Technician"
"cr_test_role_be","Business Evangelist"
"cr_test_role_bmauro","Bruno Di Mauro"
"cr_test_role_bpaffgen","Benedikt Päffgen"
"cr_test_role_cborys","Cezary Borys"
"cr_test_role_ccameron","Charlotte Cameron"
"cr_test_role_cm","Compliance Manager"
"cr_test_role_cm2","QA Compliance Engineers"
"cr_test_role_crousseliere","Cédric Rousselière"
"cr_test_role_csagasti","Carlos Sagasti"
"cr_test_role_czaporowski","Cezary Zaporowski"
"cr_test_role_ddidenko","Denis Didenko"
"cr_test_role_dgeisler","Dorian Geisler"
"cr_test_role_doqa","Director of Quality Assurance"
"cr_test_role_dpolec","Dariusz Połeć"
"cr_test_role_dszulc","Daniel Szulc"
"cr_test_role_eamelio","Enrico D'Amelio"
"cr_test_role_eangielska","Ewa Angielska"
"cr_test_role_ebuffery","Edd Buffery"
"cr_test_role_egorecka","Emilia Gorecka"
"cr_test_role_epustul","Elżbieta Pustuł"
"cr_test_role_glewinski","Grzegorz Lewinski"
"cr_test_role_gm","General Manager"
"cr_test_role_hLQA","Head of LQA"
"cr_test_role_ihakenberg","Igor Hakenberg"
"cr_test_role_iroman","Isabel Llamas Román"
"cr_test_role_itm","IT Manager"
"cr_test_role_jdudkowski","Jakub Dudkowski"
"cr_test_role_jlewandowski","Julian Lewandowski"
"cr_test_role_jlipiec","Jakub Lipiec"
"cr_test_role_jmoos","Jakub Moos"
"cr_test_role_jnowakowski","Jan Nowakowski"
"cr_test_role_jsmall","James Small"
"cr_test_role_jtrudzik","Jakub Trudzik"
"cr_test_role_kjagnyziak","Karolina Jagnyziak"
"cr_test_role_kkepa","Krzysztof Kępa"
"cr_test_role_ktomaszewski","Karol Tomaszewski"
"cr_test_role_kzielinski","Kamil Zielinski"
"cr_test_role_lm","QA Lab Managers"
"cr_test_role_lmiroslawski","Lukasz Miroslawski"
"cr_test_role_lqapl","LQA Project Lead"
"cr_test_role_lqat","LQA Technicians"
"cr_test_role_lrznadel","Łukasz Trznadel"
"cr_test_role_ltrzaska","Łukasz Trzaska"
"cr_test_role_mbanak","Mikołaj Banak"
"cr_test_role_mboruc","Maciej Boruc"
"cr_test_role_mguzynski","Mateusz Gużyński"
"cr_test_role_mjendrzejczak","Mateusz Jendrzejczak"
"cr_test_role_mkostecki","Michał Kostecki"
"cr_test_role_mprybysz","Michał Przybysz"
"cr_test_role_msanchez","Manuel Ruiz Sánchez"
"cr_test_role_mtrojnar","Mateusz Trojnar"
"cr_test_role_mwyrzykowski","Michał Wyrzykowski"
"cr_test_role_olipiec","Oskar Lipiec"
"cr_test_role_pdadun","Przemysław Dadun"
"cr_test_role_pgrzywaczewski","Pawel Grzywaczewski"
"cr_test_role_pl2","QA Project Lead"
"cr_test_role_pm","QA Project Manager"
"cr_test_role_pm2","QA Project Manager"
"cr_test_role_pm3","Project Manager"
"cr_test_role_pmazur","Piotr Mazur"
"cr_test_role_pratkiewicz","Paweł Ratkiewicz"
"cr_test_role_pstrzelczyk","Pawel Strzelczyk"
"cr_test_role_pwasowski","Przemysław Wąsowski"
"cr_test_role_pwojtania","Piotr Wojtania"
"cr_test_role_pziajka","Pawel Ziajka"
"cr_test_role_qam","QA Manager"
"cr_test_role_qapl","Compatibility QA Project Lead"
"cr_test_role_qas","QA Specialists"
"cr_test_role_qat","QA Tester"
"cr_test_role_qat2","Functionality QA Technicians"
"cr_test_role_qat22","Compatibility QA Technicians"
"cr_test_role_qloc","QLOC S.A."
"cr_test_role_rdabrowski","Rafal Dabrowski"
"cr_test_role_sbdm","Senior Business Development Manager"
"cr_test_role_sfratsczak","Szymon Fratczak"
"cr_test_role_sslosarczyk","Sergiusz Slosarczyk"
"cr_test_role_tdziedzic","Tomasz Dziedzic"
"cr_test_role_testronic","Testronic Labs"
"cr_test_role_tgehrke","Tanja Gehrke"
"cr_test_role_tm","QA Team Leader"
"cr_test_role_vmollica","Valentina Mollica"
"cr_testing","Usability Testing"
"cr_tgrunw","Tomáš Grünwald"
"cr_thajn","Tomáš Hajn"
"cr_thank","The producers wish to thank<br/> the following for their assistance"
"cr_thomasaagaard","ThomasAagaard"
"cr_thubka","Tomáš Hubka"
"cr_timotheus00t","Timotheus00T"
"cr_tit_grafics","Art Department"
"cr_tit_programing","Programming"
"cr_tit_script","Technical Design & Scripting"
"cr_title_animation","Animation"
"cr_title_cinematic","Cinematics"
"cr_title_facials","Models"
"cr_title_historia","Historical Research"
"cr_title_localisation","Localization"
"cr_title_localisation2","Localization"
"cr_title_marketing","Marketing "
"cr_title_music","Music"
"cr_title_production","Production"
"cr_title_qa","QA"
"cr_title_software","Software"
"cr_title_songs","Additional Music"
"cr_title_sound","Sound"
"cr_title_stunts","Stunts"
"cr_tkopec","Tomáš Kopec"
"cr_tkozlik","Tomáš Kozlík"
"cr_tkrakora","Thomas Krakora"
"cr_tkraus","Tomáš Kraus"
"cr_tmckay","Tom McKay"
"cr_tmckay2","Tom McKay"
"cr_tnovakova","Tereza Nováková"
"cr_tobias","Tobias Stolz-Zwilling"
"cr_tomasd","Tomáš Duchek"
"cr_tombar","Tomáš Barák"
"cr_tomtom","tomtom"
"cr_tpravda","Tomáš Pravda, DHL Express (Czech Republic) s.r.o."
"cr_troesner","Tobias Roesner"
"cr_trombon","Trombones"
"cr_trumpeta","Trumpets"
"cr_tsemec","Tereza Semecká"
"cr_tstraka","Tomas Straka"
"cr_tsunamik","Tsunamik"
"cr_tsvojsa","Tomáš Svojša"
"cr_ttanner","Thomas Tanner"
"cr_ttofernerova","Tereza Tofernerová"
"cr_tu_transl","Turkish Translators"
"cr_tuba","Tuba"
"cr_tzielinski","Tomas Zielinski"
"cr_urquhart","Urquhart"
"cr_uv","University of Vigo, Spain"
"cr_vblecha","Vít Blecha"
"cr_vbocan","Viktor Bocan"
"cr_vborovka","Vladislav Borovka"
"cr_vcerny","Vojtěch Černý"
"cr_vdvorak","Vladimír Dvořák"
"cr_vegeta","Tomáš Plch"
"cr_veltrusy","Veltrusy Chateau (site manager PhDr. Pavel Ecler)"
"cr_vfliegel","Václav Fliegel"
"cr_vfurbach","Václav Fürbach"
"cr_vhaklova","Vendula Haklová"
"cr_vhanakova","Věra Hanáková"
"cr_vherrmann","Vojtěch Herrmann"
"cr_vhogan","Victoria Hogan"
"cr_video_editor","Video Editor/Engine Footage"
"cr_viktorb","Viktor Bocan"
"cr_viktorj","Viktor Jung"
"cr_viktorp","Viktor Podhájecký"
"cr_vinkimorito","VINKIMORITO"
"cr_violy","Violas"
"cr_visuals","Visual Effects"
"cr_vjcerny","Vojtěch Černý"
"cr_vkajalina","Vladimír Kajalina"
"cr_vkasova","Vanda Kašová"
"cr_vkoral","Václav Korál"
"cr_vkozlikova","Veronika Kozlíková"
"cr_vmach","Vít Mach"
"cr_vmasnica","Vojtěch Masnica"
"cr_vnedved","Vojta Nedvěd"
"cr_vodirectors","Voice-Over Directors"
"cr_voiceover","Voice-Over Services"
"cr_vpanochova","Veronika Panochová"
"cr_vpinkava","Václav Pinkava"
"cr_vpolivka","Václav Polívka"
"cr_vprchlik","Václav Prchlík"
"cr_vprchlik2","Václav Prchlík"
"cr_vpulpan","Vojtěch Půlpán"
"cr_vsimunek","Vladimír Šimůnek"
"cr_vsvarc","Václav Švarc"
"cr_vtrebicky","Vladimír Třebický"
"cr_vviolette","Vincent Violette"
"cr_vvrana","Vlastimil Vrána"
"cr_vvrobel","Vojta Vrobel"
"cr_vyskocil","Vyskočil, Krošlák a partneři s.r.o., advokátní kancelář"
"cr_vzemek","Vít Zemek"
"cr_waldez","Tomáš Waldauf"
"cr_waldkauz","Waldkauz"
"cr_warhorse","Warhorse Studios"
"cr_webservice","Web Services"
"cr_wicker","Wicker"
"cr_woody","Tomáš Blaho"
"cr_writers","Writing & Quest Design"
"cr_wulflund","Miroslav Krak Dobrý Wulflund.com"
"cr_wzhang","Wenyu Zhang"
"cr_xxu","Xinbo Xu"
"cr_xzar","Xzar"
"cr_yqi","Yichao Qi"
"cr_yshawsky","Yasser Shawky"
"cr_yskadchenko","Yulia Skadchenko"
"cr_yuusouamazing","Yuusouamazing"
"cr_yxu","Yinglin Xu"
"cr_yzhao","Yue Zhao"
"cr_zbrane","Weapons & Armour"
"cr_zbynek","Zbyněk Trávnický"
"cr_zcinkova","Zuzana Cinková"
"cr_zglatz","Zdeněk Glatz"
"cr_zhavel","Zdeněk Havel"
"cr_zhlavenkova","Zdeňka Hlavenková"
"cr_zhlavka","Zdeněk Hlávka"
"cr_zhostomsky","Zdeněk Hostomský"
"cr_zchmela","Zbyněk Chmela"
"cr_zjiang","Zhiming Jiang"
"cr_zkabelka","Zdeněk Kabelka"
"cr_zkabelka2","Zdeněk Kabelka"
"cr_zklauda","Zdeněk Klauda"
"cr_zkumzakova","Zdeňka Kumžáková"
"cr_zmasek","Zdeněk Mašek"
"cr_zpochyly","Zbyšek Pochylý"
"cr_zrezie","Music Director"
"cr_zseidel","Zdeněk Seidel"
"cr_zsturek","Jaroslav Šrůtek"
"cr_zvasina","Zdeněk Vašina"
"cr_zvorisek","Zdeněk Voříšek"
"cr_zvybiral","PhDr. Zdeněk Vybíral"
"cr_zwadar","Roman Zawada"
"evt_in_corpse_pl","On the way, you came across a corpse. It's not clear who the killer was, but thus certainly smells like trouble."
"evt_in_cuman_npc","A Cuman has accosted you on the road. You can't understand a word he says, but his tone is far from friendly."
"evt_in_cuman_pl","You've stopped on your way because you've seen a Cuman up ahead who seems to be waiting for someone or something. He hasn't noticed you yet, so you can still avoid him... unless curiosity gets the better of you."
"evt_in_fighter_npc","You've been accosted on the way by a man-at-arms who wants something from you. It's hard to guess what his intentions are, since there are all sorts of people to be met on the roads nowadays."
"evt_in_fighter_pl","On your way, you see an armed man who's clearly waiting for something. It's not likely a bandit would be standing alone on the road, but who knows? It could easily be a trap."
"evt_in_gambush_npc","You've been ambushed by unknown armed men. Defend yourself or flee!"
"evt_in_gambush_solo","You've been ambushed by an unknown armed man. Defend yourself or flee!"
"evt_in_groupb_npc","You've come upon a group of armed men and it's quite clear their intentions are not charitable."
"evt_in_groupb_pl","You see a group of armed men on the road. They don't exactly look friendly, but they haven't noticed you yet."
"evt_in_groupc_npc","You've happened upon a pack of Cumans and they've immediately started bombarding you with foreign words. You don't understand their language, but it doesn't sound much like a polite greeting."
"evt_in_groupc_pl","You hear the sound of Cuman voices somewhere up ahead. Hopefully, they're not yet aware of your presence."
"evt_in_groupl_npc","On your way, you've happened upon a band of armed peasants who look rather angry. Hopefully they'll be open to discussing things peacefully."
"evt_in_groupl_pl","On your way, you've happened upon a band of armed peasants. What could they be up to?"
"evt_in_huntsman_npc","On your way through the woods, you've been accosted by a gamekeeper. He looks rather suspicious and will probably want to search you."
"evt_in_huntsman_pl","You've spotted a gamekeeper in the woods on the trail of poachers, but he hasn't spotted you, which might be a good thing."
"evt_in_obstacle_npc","The way is blocked and voices can be heard from the undergrowth. It's an ambush."
"evt_in_obstacle_pl","You see an obstacle blocking the way, fortunately before anything happened. It could be an accident, but who knows?"
"evt_in_pilgrim_npc","You've been accosted on the road by an unknown pilgrim. It's not clear what he wants, but he doesn't look too dangerous."
"evt_in_pilgrim_pl","You've come across a pilgrim on the road, who's clearly keen on talking to passers-by. He doesn't look dangerous, but God knows what he's after."
"evt_in_poacher_npc","In the woods, you ran into a poacher next to his freshly-killed prey. He's seen you too and wants to talk to you. It's not clear what he wants, but a poacher caught in the act should certainly be approached with caution."
"evt_in_poacher_pl","In the woods, you ran into a poacher next to his freshly-killed prey. He hasn't seen you yet, which is just as well."
"evt_in_skirmish_cum","You hear the rattle of sabres and shouts in a foreign language. It seems the Cumans were lying in wait and pounced on someone here."
"evt_in_skirmish_cum_s","You've come across a skirmish in progress. A group of Cumans has ambushed a merchant caravan and local soldiers are trying to protect it."
"evt_in_skirmish_cum_v","You see corpses on the road and in the distance hear the clash of weapons and cries in a foreign language. It seems someone's been ambushed by Cumans."
"evt_in_skirmish_cum_w","You ran into an ambush in progress. A group of Cumans has just attacked a merchant's caravan."
"evt_in_skirmish_gen","Some way off, you can hear the clash of weapons and shouts. It appears there's a skirmish happening just up ahead."
"evt_in_skirmish_gen_cum","You ran into a skirmish in progress between bandits and Cumans over who gets the loot from an ambushed merchant's caravan."
"evt_in_skirmish_gen_gen","You ran into a skirmish in progress between two rival groups of bandits fighting over their prey, a merchant's caravan."
"evt_in_skirmish_gen_s","You've come across a skirmish in progress. A group of bandits has ambushed a merchant caravan, but soldiers from the local garrison have come to the rescue."
"evt_in_skirmish_gen_v","You see corpses on the road and in the distance hear the clash of weapons and cries of aggression and fear. It seems someone's been ambushed."
"evt_in_skirmish_gen_w","You ran into an ambush in progress. A group of bandits has just attacked a merchant's caravan."
"evt_in_skirmish_npc","You suddenly found yourself in the middle of a skirmish! It's too late to think about how you got into this mess."
"evt_nm_corpse","Corpse"
"evt_nm_cuman","Cuman  "
"evt_nm_fighter","Armed man"
"evt_nm_gambush_npc","Ambush!"
"evt_nm_gambush_pl","Snare"
"evt_nm_gbandit_solo","Along the way, you heard movements in the nearby undergrowth. Undoubtedly someone is up to no good."
"evt_nm_gbandits_pl","Along the way, you heard muffled noises from the nearby undergrowth. Undoubtedly someone is up to no good."
"evt_nm_gcuman_pl","You stopped on the way because you heard muffled voices speaking a foreign language in the nearby thickets. No doubt there are Cumans lying in wait for unwary travellers."
"evt_nm_group_bandits","Men-at-arms"
"evt_nm_group_cumans","Cumans"
"evt_nm_group_lynch","Peasants"
"evt_nm_huntsman","Huntsman"
"evt_nm_obstacle","Obstacle"
"evt_nm_pilgrim","Pilgrim."
"evt_nm_poacher","Poacher"
"evt_nm_skirmish","Skirmish"
"game_over_died_by_bleeding_t","You bled to death."
"game_over_died_by_collision_t","You died."
"game_over_died_by_fall_t","You fell to your death."
"game_over_died_by_poison_t","You died of poisoning."
"game_over_died_by_scripted_hit_t","You were murdered under unforeseen circumstances."
"game_over_died_by_self_harm_t","You died through your own fault."
"game_over_died_by_starving_t","You died of hunger."
"game_over_died_in_combat_t","You died in combat."
"game_over_died_unknown_t","You died."
"game_over_simek_text_t","Samuel died."
"game_over_tereza_escape_t","You were hit by a stray Cuman arrow and died while trying to flee."
"game_over_tereza_prison_t","You were executed for your grave crimes. May God have mercy on your soul."
"generic_savegame_name","Saved game"
"intro_legal_text","Published 2018 by Deep Silver, a division of Koch Media GmbH, Austria. Deep Silver and their respective logos are trademarks of Koch Media GmbH. ©2018 and developed by Warhorse Studios s.r.o. Portions of this software are included under license © 2004-2018 Crytek GmbH. All rights reserved. Crytek, CryEngine and their respective logos are trademarks of Crytek GmbH. All other trademarks, logos and copyrights are property of their respective owners. All rights reserved."
"intro_legal_text_ps4","Published 2018 by Koch Media GmbH, Austria. Deep Silver is a division of Koch Media. Deep Silver and their respective logos are trademarks of Koch Media GmbH. ©2018 and developed <br/>by Warhorse Studios s.r.o. Portions of this software are included under license © 2004-2018 Crytek GmbH. All rights reserved. Crytek, CryEngine and their respective logos are trademarks<br/>of Crytek GmbH. All other trademarks, logos and copyrights are property of their respective owners. All rights reserved."
"menu_title","HammerHeart"
"perk_hezkej_pejsek_desc_t","You have a cute doggie and everyone is nicer to you. You get a +1 Charisma bonus."
"stat_unit_days","Days"
"stat_unit_groshes","Groschen"
"stat_unit_hours","Hours"
"stat_unit_kg","Kg"
"stat_unit_kilometers","Kilometres"
"stat_unit_liter","Litre"
"stat_unit_meters","Metres"
"stat_unit_minutes","Minutes"
"stat_unit_percent","%"
"ui_accept","Accept"
"ui_active_user","Active Profile:"
"ui_activities","Activities"
"ui_AdvancedGraphics","Advanced Graphics Settings"
"ui_AdvancedGraphicTitle","Advanced Graphics Settings"
"ui_affected","Applied:"
"ui_alcohol","Alcohol"
"ui_Antialiasing","Antialiasing"
"ui_AntialiasingTT","Smooths jagged edges in image."
"ui_Apply","Confirm"
"ui_ApplyErrorHDTextures","HD textures can be active only on Overall Image Quality high and above!"
"ui_ApplyChanges","Save changes?"
"ui_ApplyWarningUltraSettings","Ultra High is experimental and intended for future hardware. Save anyway?"
"ui_armor","Armour"
"ui_armor_blunt","Blunt defence"
"ui_armor_body","Body armour"
"ui_armor_dog","Dog armour"
"ui_armor_hands","Arm armour"
"ui_armor_head","Head armour"
"ui_armor_legs","Leg plate"
"ui_armor_slash","Slash defence"
"ui_armor_stab","Stab defence"
"ui_at_level","at level"
"ui_attack_1","Melee weapon"
"ui_attack_2","Range weapon"
"ui_attack_mod","Attack Mod."
"ui_autosave","Autosave"
"ui_back","Back"
"ui_BasketNotEmpty","You have items in your basket. Do you really want to exit the shop?"
"ui_bed_quality","Comfort"
"ui_BETA_prof_h1","Choose your past"
"ui_BETA_prof_p1","Our Beta begins midway through the actual game. In the preceding part, your character would have evolved in certain manner, depending on your playing style.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>From the options choose the one corresponding to how you would have had played the game so far and we shall try to adjust Henry accordingly."
"ui_BETA_prof1","Squire"
"ui_BETA_prof1_desc","A strong arm and sharp sword are the best means of solving any problem."
"ui_BETA_prof2","Diplomat"
"ui_BETA_prof2_desc","Silver tongue and quick wits..."
"ui_BETA_prof3","Jack of all Trades"
"ui_BETA_prof3_desc","Speech is good, but sometimes a sword speaks louder than words."
"ui_BETA_save_01","Reeky's Hideout"
"ui_BETA_save_02","Camp in the Woods"
"ui_BETA_save_03","The Battle begins"
"ui_BETA_save_04","After the Battle"
"ui_BETA_tut_ending","This is the end of the main story line of this Beta access. There are still many quests around, people in need, events and activities. Feel free to explore the land. Thank you for playing."
"ui_BETA_tut_horse","You can call your horse again anytime by pressing $call_horse; You can store additional items in your horse's saddlebags. Take care of your horse!"
"ui_BorderlessWindow","Borderless"
"ui_buffed","Buff"
"ui_buffType_buff","Buffs"
"ui_buffType_debuff","Debuffs"
"ui_buffType_injury","Injuries"
"ui_buffType_perk","Active perk buffs"
"ui_buy","Buy"
"ui_buying","Buying"
"ui_Camera","Camera"
"ui_CameraObject","Full "
"ui_cant_lockpick","You can't lockpick this door."
"ui_cant_save_combat","You cannot save while in combat."
"ui_cant_save_minigame","Can't save game during this activity."
"ui_cant_save_other","You cannot save just now."
"ui_cant_save_potion","You have no Saviour Schnapps!"
"ui_cant_save_script","Can't save just now. Try again shortly."
"ui_close_helpscreen","To close, hold  $close_help_screen^;"
"ui_close_ui","Close"
"ui_codex_cont_","The nobility (aristocracy) was the highest level of feudal society beneath the monarch, with the power and legal privileges commensurate with their landed title or family crest. They were directly answerable to the King, and the lands in their possession were only leasehold, for which they had to pay the King dues and were obligated to provide military assistance in the event of war. Noble status was hereditary, as were the associated land rights and responsibilities. The land came with its inhabitants, who had to pay their liege lord rent and labour on his farmlands. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The oldest Czech families include the lords of Buzic  - e.g. the Zajíc (Hare) family of Hasenburg, of Beneshov (from Dauba and Krawarn), of Ronow (from Leipa and Dauba) and the Rosenbergs. In the 14th century, the Czech title 'Pán' (Lord) was reserved for the wealthy members of the higher nobility, who had the right to elect the King and sit in the Territorial Diet or Landtag, but later spread to the lower nobility, Church dignitaries, members of town councils and eventually common burghers, becoming the equivalent of 'Mister' in English as it is today. A nobleman didn’t have to be educated person. Often it was quite enough that he had a military upbringing. He had his subjects and servants to take care of administration and physical work. His main duties were the collection of taxes, managing the militia and all hereditary functions.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
A Seigneur or Lord of the Manor (in Czech Zeman) was a provincial nobleman of local origin, long-established in a given territory. A Baronet (Vladyka) administered numerous estates. Yeomen, who formed the lower nobility, had no property of their own and served the higher nobility. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Nobility unquestionably influenced the medieval art, since they were often the sponsors of artistic works. This applied not only to architecture, paintings and sculptures, but also to fashion accessories, hairstyles and furniture. "
"ui_codex_cont_albrecht_iv","[19.9.1377 – 14.9.1404]<br/>
Albert IV of Habsburg was an Austrian Count, son of Albert III, with whom he fought against King Wenceslas IV beginning in 1394. He also had disputes with Prokop of Luxembourg over the Czech-Austrian border. "
"ui_codex_cont_alchymie","Alchemy was a discipline combining mysticism, hermeneutics, chemistry, physics and many other spheres of learning. Medieval alchemists worked in laboratories, often situated at noblemen’s mansions or in Royal cities. They found application in smelters, mints, mines, glass-works and wherever industrial production needed assistance. The work of alchemists was challenging and costly, and so required the support of patrons. Successful alchemists earned wealth and fame, while the unsuccessful ended up in prison or were sentenced to death. Two fundamental alchemical objectives persisted through the entirety of the Middle Ages: to find the mystical ""philosopher’s stone"" and to transmute base metals into gold. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In KCD we use a genuine preserved alchemical laboratory as our model, though the minigame itself is adapted for practical use. Instead of processing mercury and sulphur, our cauldron cooks up herbal concoctions. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_apothecary","The apothecary prepared medication according to a carefully studied prescriptions that were passed down the generations. It was one of the few professions that was not organized into guilds. The production of medicaments was quite hard work and a great responsibility. The apothecary had to have studied at the University and would be schooled not only in Latin, but also in Greek, had to be able to carefully measure out precise dosages of medication and to ensure the ingredients were always available. If there was no apothecary in town, there would be the monastery infirmary. And if that was not available, people turned to the services of herb-women, lay herbalists, quack healers or medicasters, called charlatans. Their methods of healing were controversial, because in making lotions and potions they made use not only of herbs, but of spells, amulets and sometimes even very unusual raw materials such as ‘frog poison’ or ‘hanged man’s finger’. "
"ui_codex_cont_astrologie","In the Middle Ages, alchemy and physic were naturally linked with astrology, which was regarded as applied astronomy. Since ancient times, fate had been considered the expression of divine will, emanating from the heavens and giving mankind signs in the constellations of stars and planets. Indeed, the Arabs and Ancient Greeks had made tables, schemes and catalogues of stars and constellations, as well as calendars used for navigation. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The movement of celestial bodies had an influence on political issues, on decisions about war or marriage. Even medical treatment, food preparation or tasks associated with agriculture were deemed to be subject to celestial mechanics. Based on the constellations, every person was assigned a sign of the Zodiac, which determined his health, career and social relationships throughout his life. Astrologers used many devices in their work, such as astrolabes, sextants, quadrants, sundials and other devices for accurate monitoring of the skies. Unlike today, astrology was a highly regarded and respected science and many astronomers of that time were also astrologers. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_avicenna","[c. 980 - 1037]<br/>
A scientist and historian of Persia, one of the ‘fathers of medicine’. He studied from childhood, learning logic, metaphysics and astronomy. He devoted most of his time to medicine and philosophy and even experimented with remedies on his own body. He was always surround with students, with whom he enjoyed debating. He was also a keen observer of the night sky. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
During his lifetime he wrote at least 450 works, of which some 240 have survived to this day, including 150 books concerning philosophy and 40 on medicine. The remainder are on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics and poetry. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>His theories and discoveries fascinated not only scholars of neighbouring countries, but also the whole of Europe. The Czech reform preacher Master Jan Hus also referred to Avicenna's writings.
"
"ui_codex_cont_baker","Although everyone in the village would know how to make bread and flapcakes, there were bakers in the larger cities and noblemen’s residences. Initially the term 'baker' referred not so much to the person who baked, but the one who took the pastries to market. Over time, they specialized in baking itself and acquired guild status, which, of course led to rights disputes, because the bakers objected to pastries and bread being sold at markets by country-folk not in the guild. It was only later that the regulations were laid down to make the sale of bread the exclusive domain of the guilds.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The quality of baked goods was supervised by Councillors, or the municipal measurer. If the flour was bad, they didn’t like its colour or the baker gave short weight, he was fined. If there were recurrences, he was expelled from the guild and subjected to harsh physical punishment. It is said that King Wenceslas used to go to in person to the town market to inspect the quality of Prague baked goods, and punished dishonest bakers by publicly dunking them in the Vltava River.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The bakers often owned their own mills, whilst not encroaching on the millers’ craft. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_barber","Where hygiene and bathing was not up to scratch, the public baths were on the rise. Public baths in Central Europe appeared from about the 12th century. There were baths quite literally in every town, and not in small numbers. Sometimes a town would have three to four bathhouses. Here, people had access to hot water for bathing or steam baths. In those times, steam was produced by pouring water onto heated bars of iron or stones. Bodily cleanliness was in the care of male and female bath assistants. Fully body washing was done in bath tubs, coopered wooden vats and tanks. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> In Bohemia, there were baths in operation since the early Middle Ages and their numbers rose steadily. There were 47 public baths in Prague in the second half of the 14th century and by the 15th century the baths were attended not just by the well-to-do, but also by the poorer classes. There was even a regulation that the bath-keepers had to open their doors once a quarter to the poor and to students. Bathhouses typically belonged to the municipality, and were leased to the bath-keepers. In addition to municipal and private baths, there were also private baths in the houses of the nobility and wealthy townspeople.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the 13th and 14th century, the bath-houses were very much associated with prostitution. In the 13th century particularly, bath-house prostitution became widespread and there were scarcely any that did not provide sexual services. In the richer urban baths there would also be pharmacists, massage therapists, stokers and cleaners. In the villages the bath-house keeper had to do all these jobs himself. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_beekeeper","During the Middle Ages, bee-keeping was distinguished by how the honey was obtained, as either forest or domestic. The domestic bee-keeper kept bees in hollow trees or in straw skeps (wickerwork hives) and were not subject to any regulation. Conversely, the forest bee-keepers, who kept bee colonies ‘in the wild’ in hollowed-out trees, formed a fellowship similar to a guild and paid a fee to the owners of the woodlands for every bee colony they took over. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Beeswax was the main raw material for the production of candles right until artificial wax (paraffin wax) was invented. Honey was used as a sweetener, and fermented to make mead.
"
"ui_codex_cont_blacksmith","Blacksmithing was one of the most important occupations since earliest times, because iron was a very valuable raw material. In earlier times it was not deep mined, but only acquired from surface mines. Not a piece was allowed to go to waste - people even kept used nails. There was a blacksmith in practically every castle vicinity or village, who forged almost everything that was needed for agriculture (knives, axes, sickles, ploughs, hoes etc.) Other blacksmiths specialized in making swords, helmets, lances, harness fittings, locks and jewellery.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

The forge was most often a shed with a wall. It's essential equipment consisted of large bellows, an anvil, tongs, hammers, punches, files etc. In a well-equipped forge, the smith could develop heat of up to 1400° C.
"
"ui_codex_cont_bohosluzby","Religious services in the Middle Ages were held quietly and in Latin. A medieval mass differed from today’s in its language, approach and the relationship between the priest and the congregation. People stood or moved around, while the priest said the liturgy alone, without servers, without a sermon and without Communion. He stood with his back to the congregation, facing the main altar at a distance from the faithful. The sermon was held quite apart from the mass in keeping with a special rite and in between services of worship. Holy Communion (the Eucharist) was available to the common folk only at Christmas and Easter. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The inaccessibility of the sacred ritual, along with disgust at the state of the Church, later led to the revolutionary Hussite reform movement, which opened up both the mass and the Eucharist rites to the wider populace. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_bojova_technika","During the high Middle Ages new elements of combat techniques as well as weapons and armour were coming into their own. The curved sabre grew in popularity and chain mail gave way to plate armour. Knights took to heavier longswords, crossbows and strike weapons, such as maces, flails etc. A complete armour suit of armour was affordable only for a wealthy nobleman. Most often the armour worn gave only partial metal cover, more reliance being given to good combat technique for protection. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Accordingly, sword-fighting developed in two directions:<br/>
a) knightly swordsmanship – fought with a spear, sword and shield in full heavy armour<br/>
b) commoner swordsmanship – for lightly armoured footsoldiers, who fought with swords and home-made weapons, e.g. daggers, flails, scythes and bludgeons. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>

In combat between the lightly armoured and the ironclads it was often swiftness, agility and cunning that made the difference. Hence swordplay drew interest in the poorer echelons of society. Over time, they gained their skills in swordfighting schools. The training was not very professional, based more on agility, readiness and use of all and any advantageous resources available apart from weapons. Accurate period descriptions of battles are lacking, so historians rely on records preserved in the literature or illustrated material. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_bonifac_ix","[1356 – 1404]<br/>Pope Boniface IX, born Pietro Tomicelli, was Pontiff from 1389, contemporaneously with the Avignon antipopes Clement VII and Benedict XIII. He refused to abdicate, leading not only to a continuation of the Western Schism, but also to an ever-deepening rift in the Church. However, it also meant that Boniface had a growing influence on some important aspects of secular power."
"ui_codex_cont_bozi_soud","Apart from resolution by municipal or territorial courts of justice, up to the 14th century it was common (though unofficial) in Bohemia to turn to God’s judgement, or trial by ordeal. Guilt or innocence was proved by appealing to God – He had to judge guilt or innocence. A typical ordeal was to be put to the test by fire, hot water, poison or duelling with the counterparty. The trial often ended in injury or even the death of the accused or the accuser. "
"ui_codex_cont_butcher","The butcher’s profession appears only in the 13th century, because prior to this each townsman or villager could keep his own livestock and butcher the animals in his own yard. In later centuries this led to conflicts with professional butchers, leading to the trade of meat being brought under statute with regard to guild rights. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The main tasks of a butcher were to slaughter animals, carve up and portion them and preserve the meat outside of the town limits. Raw meat could not be transported inside the town and domestic sale was severely punished. These measures were intended to prevent the spread of disease from old or badly processed meat.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In time, the butchers’ guild split into different specializations, such as those who worked only with lard and suet (tallow butchers), small cut specialists, cured meats specialists and those dealing in horns, hooves and mucilage. The butcher’s craft also spawned tanners, saddlers and cobblers.
"
"ui_codex_cont_bylinky","Herbs played an important role not only in medieval cuisine, but also as the foundation of the healing arts. Knowledge about herbs was disseminated either by word of mouth (between herb-women in the country), or between monks and scholars via ancient scripts. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Many herbs can be taken in the form of teas, concoctions (by prolonged cooking), infusions (in scalding water), as extracts (macerated), tinctures (alcohol-leached) or steeped in vinegar, juices or concentrates for gargling. Adding honey or sugar did nothing for the efficacy of herbal salves, but it did help the medicine go down better. In addition to ingestion, herbs were applied in the form of creams, ointments, poultices or oils, emulsified and diluted in water. In certain cases the advice was to sleep on cushions filled with dried plants. It was believed (especially in rural areas), that the properties of the herbs were affected by the particulars of when and how they were gathered (for example on Midsummer night, at midnight etc.) accompanied by special formulaic incantations or enchantments. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_carodejnictvi","In the Czech lands, any practices (especially by women) connected with magic that were intended to harm rather than help were regarded as witchcraft. In the early Middle Ages, witchcraft was differentiated into white magic – beneficial and associated with healing, and black magic – curses, hexes and abuse of magic for iniquitous purposes. Magic encompassed divination, necromancy, alchemy, herbalism, entrenched pagan customs and rituals, which had originally constituted an integral part of medieval society. <br/> &nbsp; <br/>
By the end of the 15th century, efforts to eradicate witchcraft culminated in senseless witch-hunts and persecution of anyone involved with magic. The persecutions peaked around the end of the 16th century, when hundreds of people fell victim to the zeal of the witch-hunters. Many superstitions and half-truths have arisen concerning witchcraft, as well as the Inquisition, though only a few are grounded in truth. Although many were convicted and condemned during the period, most of those accused of heresy or witchcraft got off unscathed. On the contrary, it was often those who had denounced them, with acquisitive intent, and whose accusations proved to be false who were punished. More people fell prey to lynch mobs and fanatical self-proclaimed inquisitors than to institutionalized witch-burnings.
"
"ui_codex_cont_carpenter","[Carpenter]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Carpenters were engaged in the construction of castles, courts, churches, bridges and dwellings, as well as making rough-hewn furniture or siege engines. Although there were masonry buildings in the Middle Ages, residential houses and farm buildings were still primarily made of wood, so the carpenters were kept busy. A master carpenter would guard his art carefully and pass on his knowledge only to a chosen colleague, typically his own son. He would be particularly wary of his own journeymen and would carry out important work, such as the drafting of roof structures, strictly alone. The most challenging jobs were the making of Gothic roof trusses and beams – the finished beams weighed hundreds of kilograms, and the technology available made the carpenter's work both difficult and dangerous. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Joiner]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Joiners, like carpenters, worked with wood. They mainly made furniture (chests, cabinets, chairs, cradles etc.). They made their planks either very painstakingly by hand from felled trees, or by the 'modern’ method in water-driven sawmills. "
"ui_codex_cont_castles","The early Gothic buildings in Bohemia drew inspiration from France and the Rhineland. Among the earliest were the monastery in Předklášteří by Tišnov, South Moravia, the chapter house in Osek, North Bohemia, the monastery of St Agnes in Prague and many parish churches and monasteries such as those in Kolín and Kouřim in Central Bohemia.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Around 1300, Czech architecture diverged from its western counterparts. There was a burgeoning of Cistercian monasteries, e.g. in Zlatá Koruna and Vyšší Brod in South Bohemia, and churches and castles, e.g. Bezděz, North Bohemia. The High Gothic period was in full swing during the time of Charles IV and Wenceslas IV, with its rectangular windows and portals, rayonnant traceries and quadripartite or sexpartite, or cross-ribbed, vaulting. The most significant buildings of that time are University of Prague, St Vitus Cathedral. Charles Bridge, Prague Old Town Hall and New Town Hall, stone houses in Prague and the castles of Karlštejn, Kost and Kašperk. We find the first records of construction works fellowships: the most famous are those of Master Peter Parler and his family, and Matthias of Arras, who also worked on the reconstruction of Sasau Monastery. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
New castles no longer served just a defensive function, but were also intended to serve as sovereign residences. They were therefore more spacious and elaborate and had extensive gardens. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_certova_b","According to historians, the Devil’s Furrow was both an ancient and an early medieval trade route leading through the Sasau fords and the Labe (Elbe) River region, all the way to Southern Bohemia. From there it continued to the Danube, northwards to Chotouň village. Legend has it that it was made by St. Procopius after he had yoked a demon to his plough. The road, 21 km long, consists of a massive ditch 14 to 20 m wide with a level bottom 2 to 6 m deep and sloping sides. In some sections the furrow even has two lanes. Together with several other parallel roads, it connected fords on the Sasau River with those on the Elbe River, 35 km away. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>   It is exceptional in that it avoids the central area around Prague, unlike other provincial routes of later construction, which converge on Prague in a star-shape pattern. Hence the theory that it originated before Prague became an important city."
"ui_codex_cont_cestovani","Travel was dangerous in the Middle Ages, but necessary, especially for traders. The roads differed by their purpose – trade routes had river-fords, bridges, inns, signposts, milestones and so on. Pilgrimage routes were without such luxuries. A person was able to cover about 25-30 km per day by wagon. Wayfarers would overnight at inns near road junctions, their goods stored in a depot. In times of instability and chaos - the kind in which the KCD story takes place - traders and travellers would often be waylaid by marauders, which led to travelling in groups with a hired armed escort. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Bohemia imported canvas, silk and other textiles, weapons, wine, salt, seafood, salt-water fish, southern fruit, spices and other exotic and luxury goods. Goods exported included wheat, butter, honey, beeswax, beer, malt, freshwater fish, cheeses and other local products.
"
"ui_codex_cont_city_garrison","Maintaining law and order in the medieval town was the job of the Bailiff. From the 14th century onward, the function was taken over by the catchpole, then night watchmen and guards on towers. The catchpole, along with the Bailiff, the executioner or their henchmen also carried out the punishment of transgressors. They were not, however, allowed to enter freehold dwellings (the palaces and houses of the nobility, the ruling class), nor Church buildings or the University, a fact students took advantage of. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Order within the city also had to be upheld by the townsfolk themselves. They were obligated to report not only any crime, but, just like the night watchmen, to call out the hours and warn of fire, flood or tempest. For safety it was forbidden to wander at night with any open flame (torch or candle) into any castles, chambers, stables, barns or byres. Only lanterns could be used. To keep the peace at night, all taverns had to shut at sunset. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the medieval city, military service was entrusted to either hired professionals or the townspeople themselves. Every healthy adult male had to serve at least a few days a year in the civic guard, the city walls being divided and allocated in sections to each district or trade, and it was here that they mustered whenever an alarm was raised. In practice, the wealthy burghers bought their way out of serving in the militia, leaving other men to take their turn, and these poorer men welcomed the extra income – thus gradually forming a professional municipal gendarmerie. Each man had to procure the armour and weapons needed for serving in the guards and the militia, unless his guild did so. Only the rich cities could afford to have a public issue armoury. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The right to bear arms outside of ‘duty’ was reserved for townsmen of sufficient means. Within the city walls a simple melee weapon, dagger or knife had to suffice. Only the really wealthy townsmen wore  swords, taking after the nobility. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_cizinci","Since ancient times, a ‘foreigner’ meant not only anyone who came from outside one’s town or village (and was thus a potential enemy), but also any person without legal status. Foreigners were without legal rights until they paid a surety. This matter was handled by courts of law and there were various regulations setting fees for running a business or renting a house (foreigners were not allowed to acquire or inherit ownership of them). <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Bohemia lands were long open to foreigners, relatively speaking, with lively trade and cultural exchanges. First were the Celts, then Germanic tribes and later the Slavs, but a large portion of the populace consisted of German-speaking people. The Germans were mainly courtiers, or worked entrepreneurs and merchants. Relations with the Germans were neutral at first, cooling off later and ending up with animosity ‘against all things German’, though that was still far removed from the strident nationalism of the 19th century. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Worse relations existed between the Czechs and Germans, on one side, and the Jews on the other. They lived outside of society, which often (having got permission from the King for a handsome price) carried out pogroms against them. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Plague and disease in the mid-14th century affected migration, and fewer foreigners came to Bohemia. During the Hussite Wars, most of towns had a majority Czech citizenry. Only the main centres in Moravia remained largely German: Brno (Brünn), Jihlava (Iglau) and Olomouc (Olmütz). The Czech language gradually permeated from rural society to the higher social strata. A fundamental change in how language and ethnicity was viewed came with the Hussite Wars, in which most Czech-speakers identified with the Hussites, while (most) Germans supported Sigismund and the Pope. This was exacerbated by the foreign (often German) crusades summoned by Sigismund against the “upstart Hussites”.
"
"ui_codex_cont_collier","With growing demand for processed iron, there grew a corresponding demand for charcoal, which could produce a temperature many times higher than unprocessed wood, much needed for the forging of steel weapons. The forges were supplied by charcoal-burners, who spent most of the year living in the forest by their charcoal kilns – great piles of stacked wood covered in clay with just a few vents for air, where, in an oxygen-starved atmosphere the wood slowly pyrolyzed to charcoal. Each pile would smoulder and give off much smoke for several weeks, during which time it had to be delved through repeatedly. After it burned out completely, the yield of the process – charcoal – was unearthed from beneath the clay. The charcoal was then sold at a special market bearing that name, quite separate from traders in other goods. During the reign of Wenceslas IV, the charcoal-burners already had numerous rights and freedoms regarding use of the forests, and were held in relatively high esteem.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Resin was sold exclusively by wagoners and resin merchants, who themselves made pitch for greasing their wheels. The charcoal burners produced resin and pitch only as a side-line. The pitch merchants provided pitch to tanneries to impregnate leather and mixed it with tallow to grease the axles of wheels on wagons and carriages.
"
"ui_codex_cont_crafting","Medieval town society was made up largely of craftsmen and merchants, who ensured its socio-economic growth. Based on their freeman rights they could exercise their craft and had the right to market. In addition to privileges such as the protection of and support for the town’s operation, health care and food provision, it was their duty to pay taxes on every sale or transport of goods outside the town limits. In essence the status of the municipality was dependent on them, hence it was important that they did not relocate and ply their trade elsewhere, passing their occupation on to following generations. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

In the space of one century, several craftsmen of the same profession would be active in a town. These artisans gradually began to form themselves into groups with political and economic rules, or members’ guilds. They had their seals of office and pennants bearing the guild crests granted by the monarch. Each member of a guild had the support of the others, and they all agreed on prices and the regulation of sales, and the rules for apprenticeship and discharging their duties. No one without guild membership could trade in goods. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_crime","The crimes considered the most severe were murder, incest, counterfeiting money, sorcery, burglary and large-scale theft. Smaller, but still officially dealt-with offences included disorderly conduct, public drunkenness, fraud, non-payment of debts, slander and libel. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Capital crimes were punished by hanging (the most common form of execution of men, mainly for recurring crimes) or by beheading (reserved for the nobility). For aggravated murder the punishment was the breaking wheel, which was left on the gallows hill complete with the corpse, as a warning, until the body decomposed completely. Other options for execution were burning at the stake (for heretics and forgers), drawing by horses, quartering and impaling. Women were typically drowned, or in retribution for killing a newborn, buried alive. Before execution, the offender's right hand might be chopped off on the block. For felonies, punished was meted out even on the way to the scaffold – the criminals were dragged behind a horse, tied by the legs or in a sack made of cowhide. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Some less serious wrongdoings were redeemable by payment of a fine. The penalty levied went to the town coffers, or part went to the aggrieved party in compensation. Redeeming oneself for murder was possible, but entailed paying recompense (‘Weregild’) to the survivors, and putting up a conciliation cross. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The nobility was virtually beyond the reach of justice, and the bailiffs had no power to touch them, even for felonies. Only the King could condemn and punish them (which did indeed happen). <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Some public order offences were punished by public contempt, in the stocks on the town square. Worse than the ridicule was the guilty party’s lifelong loss of honour, which also dragged down their family. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Generally though, it can be said that in times of peace the Middle Ages were much safer than might appear in fiction. There was often much less crime than today.
"
"ui_codex_cont_crisis_middle_age","As it drew to a close, the late medieval world was shaken to its foundations. Old certainties fell apart and new hazards and dangers emerged. This crisis was reflected mainly in the demographic, political and religious (cultural and intellectual) areas. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> Plague epidemic ravaged Europe from the mid-14th century on (although Bohemia largely escaped the worst). Even before that, agricultural production was in crisis, as it could no longer feed the burgeoning population of Europe. In the west of the continent, the One Hundred Years War was raging between England and France. In the east, the Teutonic Knights were engaged in long-term warfare in the Baltics against the Polish. The Russian principalities were being overrun by the Mongol rulers of the Golden Horde, and the Ottoman Empire, which was to become Europe’s prime enemy in the early modern period, was getting increasingly stronger. Alongside these large-scale conflicts, numerous peasant uprisings erupted, especially in the West. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Universal Unity, an important cornerstone of the medieval world, was shaken by the papal schisms and the long-term failure to resolve them, and disputes within the Church itself. Imperial power, which stood for the second pillar of this universal unity in the role of secular power, was restricted to the ruler of the Central European lands, especially the German countries, with varying degrees of real power."
"ui_codex_cont_desatek","A tithe is the name for a compulsory tax levied since ancient times. It was paid to the parish priest or other religious institution. The term 'tithe' comes from Old English and means one tenth, the amount of the tithe being one tenth of the value of the harvest. The inhabitants of monastery estates had the misfortune to be taxed twice by the Church – once in the form of a tithe, the second time as a mandatory levy for their occupation of Church land. "
"ui_codex_cont_devoutness","In the pre-Hussite period the Church held extensive estates, sometimes exceeding in value the property of the nobility or even the King himself. The Church also collected various taxes and fees, which led to conflicts not only between the Church and the secular world, but within the Church itself. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In addition to the clergymen, priests and their helpers, the ecclesiastical establishment was also represented by votaries, archbishops, church officials, clerics and monks – altogether, the Church nourished and employed about a tenth of the population. High running costs and failure to ensure either the physical or spiritual wellbeing of the populace, coupled with the numerous woes of wars and pestilence, led to a radical weakening of ecclesiastical power and loss of confidence in the Church as an institution in the 14th century. It brought the first signs of a reformation movement, as well as many alternative ‘heretical’ sects and renewed interest in old pagan traditions.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Mass was at that time more of a social occasion than a spiritual one, bringing people together. They would enjoy themselves, even flirt or make deals. This changed with the Hussite reformation movement and the return to ‘true devotion’. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Declining trust in the Church was encouraged by the first Czech translations of the Bible, thanks to which the ideas actually contained in the Bible could finally spread by word of mouth even among the illiterate population. The spark of revolution had been struck. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_disciple","A journeyman was a craftsman’s assistant. If he went out into the world to ply his trade, he needed to have a vocational certificate and the tools of his trade. Only very rarely did journeymen stay in one workshop for an entire year. Typically they were there for just a few weeks, on one week’s notice, paid by the day (‘journée’). If a journeyman left without agreement (absconded), he was ‘proscribed’, outlawed from hire by other workshops, his identity written down and disseminated. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

An apprentice was a boy ceremoniously accepted into apprenticeship by the master craftsman. This entry was made possible after payment of due fees in cash and beeswax. The wealthy would be taught and would minister for as little as one year, the poorer sort would have to pay off their debt by service over several years. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_dobyvani_KH","In December 1402, during Wenceslas’ imprisonment in Vienna, Sigismund attacked Kuttenberg and by the beginning of the following year seized and ransacked the town. Kuttenberg was loyal to the King and staunchly defended by its miners. When they finally surrendered, they were force-marched to Sigismund’s encampment near Kolín and made to kneel before him in the mud in subjugation. In addition, they had to pay huge sums of money in reparation, even though the town and its environs had been pillaged by Hungarian soldiers.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The treasury in Kuttenberg held not only coins, but also precious jewels, gold and silver. Wenceslas later estimated the wealth seized by Sigismund to be worth one million in gold ducats of the day.
"
"ui_codex_cont_domaci_zvirata","In the Middle Ages a significant part of any property ownership consisted of livestock: horses, goats, cattle and poultry. Horses were highly prized, and until the 12th century were only available for the nobility for military purposes and for light hauling. The change came in the 12th and 13th centuries, when horses came to be used for transport and tillage. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In Bohemia, horses began to be shod from the 11th and 12th century - up to the 13th only as a rule on the front hooves, and later, when horses were used for heavier work, on all four. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Almost every serf in the Middle Ages would prefer to own a cow than a piece of arable land, so even some landless folk had access to food by way of milk. Curiously enough, in the Middle Ages milk and dairy goods were not traded much – for one thing, many people had a cow of their own, but also because no effective means of milk and dairy product preservation was yet known. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Sheep were kept by both serfs and the upper classes, largely for their wool. The poorest often kept a goat for milk and cheese. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Pigs were left to forage in the woods all year round, feeding on beechnuts and acorns. Medieval pigs were much like wild boar and had little in common with today’s pink animals. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most commonly kept poultry were chickens, and only rarely geese or ducks. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
All cattle grazed freely on the meadows around the village. In heavy winters the livestock was kept inside the house, even sharing the same room with the people and serving as a source of heat."
"ui_codex_cont_executioner","The profession of executioner dates back to ancient Egypt and Rome, reappearing in Europe in the 13th century. Before this, capital punishment was meted by the judges themselves, or the prosecutors or relatives of the condemned, or other persons as suited. It was only with the advent of the executioner that all such tasks were under his remit. Although the executioner by his profession came in to considerable money and it was a status symbol for a town to have its own, the hangman or headsman would be a social outcast. For an honest citizen to make any contact with the executioner was to lose respect, and the executioner himself had to endure a lot of discriminatory measures – sitting at a separate place in the church and at the inn, not taking part in social functions and celebrations etc.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The executioner took charge of punishments such as hanging, breaking knees, quartering, burning and torturing, drawing by horses or beheading. He had his assistants - henchmen – who helped him with preparation and took away the bodies of the executed. Other tasks done by the executioner included the role of the knacker, who cleared away animal cadavers, caught stray dogs and even sometimes just cleaned up filth from the streets. The executioner might also oversee the town brothel, was somewhat familiar with surgery, could set broken bones and dislocated limbs, or amputate them in cases of gangrene. Sometimes the executioner sold articles directly related to an execution to the superstitious, for example, the hanging rope, the hanged man’s fingers or amulets made from his hair. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_falsovani","In the Middle Ages, forgery of various documents was relatively widespread. Few people could read or write, so few people could judge the authenticity of any record. Even gentlemen of high standing could seldom read and only dictated their documents to scribes – so there was not as much trust in the written word, which might contain falsehoods. Greater faith was placed on oral promises, oaths and the other person’s word of honour. "
"ui_codex_cont_fashion","[Clothing]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Clothing for villagers and other commoners above all had to be comfortable, durable and practical. It had to last for years and be worn in all kinds of weather. It generally consisted of simple shirts and tunics. Men also wore linen knickers down to their knees and in winter they wore hooded cloaks, fur jackets and caps. Wide-brimmed hats protected their heads from the sun and footwear was simple. Most items were of natural colours without ornamentation. An exception was festive apparel, intended for special celebrations and church holidays. In the towns, clothing held greater significance, reflecting status, wealth and even membership in certain factions, such as tradesmen, soldiers or apprentices. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Accessories included belts, bags, gloves, hats and other head coverings.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Most of the garments in Kingdom Come: Deliverance are based on actual historical records of Medieval fashion.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Hairstyles]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>In the 14th and 15th centuries, unwed young women had long hair, which they wore down or in braids. Women in towns adorned their hair with ribbons, pearls, wreaths and vines.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Older married women wore pearled nets on their heads, white or coloured veils or hats.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Fashionable men in the 15th century had long, coiffured hair and they liked to shave their chins. They covered their heads with brimmed hats, caps or hoods.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Jewellery]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>In the Middle Ages, jewellery was fashioned from gems, wood, leather and metals. All gold tended to be worn around the neck and breast rather than on the hand. The most common type of jewellery consisted of earrings and various types of crosses.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most common motifs adorning jewellery were flowers and animals; figural decoration was often associated with religious themes.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Rings]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>were very popular in the High Middle Ages and were worn for both prestige and symbolic meaning. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
They were either made entirely of metal (mostly bronze, in rare cases silver plate or copper wire) or adorned with precious stones and worn on all fingers.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Footwear]<br/>&nbsp;<br/> was made of leather (cow, calf, goat), as well as grass, straw, bast fibres, wood, cloth or felt. In the countryside people often went barefoot in the summertime. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Shoes were originally made from a single piece of material and fitted with straps. Soles (left and right) on shoes first appeared in the mid 14th century while heels were added in the 15th century. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most common type of footwear consisted of sandals that covered the entire sole of the foot and slippers made of wood or cork. Stitched shoes could be either low or above the ankle."
"ui_codex_cont_feudal","Feudalism is a political system based on land ownership, which originated in the early Middle Ages and followed on from the decline of the Roman Empire. Its foundation was the fiefdom (feudum) - a certain area (territory, land) that the owner lent out to others. The ruler – either secular or religious – was the natural feudal senior (suzerain – sovereign liege) and those allocated his fiefdoms were his fiefs or vassals. The handover itself came with pomp and ceremony, during which the vassal promised allegiance and military aid (or other services) to his feudal lord. The contract could be rescinded only by the death of one of the parties or in the case of a material infringement. Not only could the liege have several vassals, but a vassal could have several liege lords. In the event of a war, one had to choose side by one’s contractual tenure. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Feudalism also determined the relations of the poorest class — the serfs, who worked on the leased land, paid dues out of what they made from it and provided for their master, his soldiers and officials or for a monastery. It was called a quit-rent – a source of wealth mainly for the nobility. Portions of the lands were subleased, so the king’s vassal in turn became the liege lord of his own vassals."
"ui_codex_cont_fighting","
Weapons made of wood, stone, bone and antler served mankind since prehistoric times. Initially, given the materials, the weapons of choice were pointed, for stabbing – spears, knives, arrows etc. Later, with developments in metalworking, bladed weapons began to emerge: daggers, axes and swords. In addition to these two traditional types, we also distinguish blunt weapons, thrown weapons, hand firearms, artillery and booby traps. In the Middle Ages there were also plenty of lances, halberds and crossbows. Rural weaponry was often derived from farming tools. From the 14th century, Europe began deploying cannon, using gunpowder (long known in China) and firearms in general began to make slow inroads. Surviving records of the use of small arms in the Czech lands date back to the reign of Wenceslas IV – they were used in 1398 during the siege of the Archbishop’s mansion in Kyje near Prague.
"
"ui_codex_cont_fisherman","Fishing was one of the most traditional ways of making a living. Fishing in running water had been done the same way for centuries; only in the 13th century did monasteries begin to establish fishponds, particularly for breeding carp. Fish was considered Lenten food and, given the frequency of religious holidays and fasting days (up to one third of the days in the year) they became an essential part of the diet. The greatest boom in fisheries and fish farming in the Czech lands came in the 15th and 16th centuries. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Fishing methods made use of various tools and traps, such as bones, wicker baskets, bottomless baskets, fishing line or rod with hook and hemp nets with stone weights. All rivers belonged to the King and were leased to towns. Fishing was permitted only on prescribed days and hours. Some noblemen, despite this regulation, banned townspeople from fishing on pain of death.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Nets were set by day, because fishing at night was prohibited. Rod and line fishing was allowed even by those without a net fishing permit, since the catch rate of rod fishing was insignificant.
"
"ui_codex_cont_food","In the Middle Ages, whether at a village or the Royal Court, the foodstuffs used were mainly those sourced locally – vegetables: primarily cabbage, onions, parsnips, turnips, beets and garlic, and to a lesser extent carrots, celeriac, parsley, cucumbers and melons; legumes: peas, lentils, vetches and beans; fruit: apples, pears, cherries and plums, and berries, nuts, seeds and cereals. Eggs, milk and cheese were available all year round. Depending on wealth, availability and the seasons, there was meat (venison, poultry, fish) and from abroad spices, fruits and condiments, including saffron, dates, figs, nutmeg, pepper, sugar, ginger and cardamom. Food was flavoured with oil, vinegar, salt, honey and herbs. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most popular kinds of food in the 14th and 15th centuries were thick broth soups, purées and sauces for dunking bread in. The bread was rye, with white bread only available at Court.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
During feasts there were fish dishes - using herring, for example - roast meats, sausages, minced meat and black pudding. Desserts were made with almonds, marzipan, sweet purées with fruit boiled in milk or with added cream, jams and preserves, baked, fresh or dried fruits and assorted cakes. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In rural areas gruel and porridge of various kinds accounted for the bulk of the diet. Meat was expensive and hunting in the forests prohibited (all game belonged to the aristocracy), which was mostly compensated for by eating fish. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Many ingredients that are common today were unavailable in the Middle Ages, such as potatoes, tomatoes, sweetcorn, peppers and rice, which later made their way to Europe after the discovery of America or as imports from Asia.
"
"ui_codex_cont_glejt","The safe-conduct document was issued by a member of the highest social tier to guarantee the bearer’s safety. Most often it gave protection in a particular territory during the journey, and sometimes the bearer was also provided with an armed escort. For example, Jan Hus received a letter of safe-conduct from Sigismund of Luxembourg when he went to the Council of Constance. He did indeed survive the journey in good health, though the safe conduct did nothing to save him from being sentenced by the ecclesiastical court there to burn at the stake. "
"ui_codex_cont_gravedigger","The gravedigger took care of the graves and their surroundings and the occupation was hereditary. The gravedigger would live in a hut in the cemetery itself, next to the main entrance. He did his work not only in the village where he lived, but in the surrounding villages of the parish. Gravediggers were among the pariahs on the margins of society - the only member of the general populace who came into contact with them was the parish priest. "
"ui_codex_cont_heraldika","Heraldry is the doctrine of characters and symbols depicted on coats of arms, governed by fixed rules, and the relevant know-how was privy to nobles and knights. It was a necessity, because Europe of that time had so many noble families they simply could not be memorized. By applying heraldic symbolism and rules, however, the wearer and his dynasty could be identified from his battle pennants and coat of arms. Simplified heraldic symbolism was also used on the arms and equipment of urban militias and the attire of soldiers of a feudal lord. "
"ui_codex_cont_hospoda","The Czech word for tavern, ‘hospoda’, may originate from the Latin ‘hospes’ – guest, ‘hospitium’ – hospitality, shelter, though the more likely etymology is from the old Slavonic ‘gospod, gospodja’ – the Master of the House.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> Alehouses were an integral part of all medieval villages. Originally, beer was drawn in what was called the ‘maashouse’, an area on the ground floor of a townhouse whose owner had brewing rights, while special-purpose taverns and inns came along later. These served as places for social events, meetings, trading and lodgings. Some inns had rooms for overnight guests and special stables and spaces for carriages – these were called wagoners’ inns and were located out of town at crossroads and along trade routes. The seating was more often outdoors than indoors.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

It was said of Wenceslas IV that he was fond of visiting taverns and alehouses to eavesdrop on what the locals had to say about him and to check that the owners were complying with his edicts.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the Middle Ages, no one took exception to alcohol. The Germans, Russians and Czechs, in particular, were Europe’s fabled drinkers. There was a formal curfew at dusk, or when the night watchman began his rounds, although drinking and feasting often went on until the early morning hours.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In KCD we have tried to keep the image of medieval taverns faithful to surviving records. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_housing","The core of the medieval house, whether in a village or town, consisted of a kitchen, a hall and living room (hearth room). All were on the ground floor. From the 15th century onwards, upper storeys started to be added. The walls were insulated from the outside with clay daub, which also gave the house some fire protection. Windows were kept very small to save heat. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The grounds of the house were usually fenced in and the courtyard had gates broad enough to admit a covered wagon. Attached to houses were utility buildings: barns, stables, outhouses, forges and wood sheds or food granaries. Waste was taken outside the house, into the fields, or disposed of in cesspits. Outside the house would be toilets built over sewage pits <br/>&nbsp;<br/> A typical village house was single-storey, with the front door leading in from the courtyard into a central space, off which was a living room and a chamber. The houses were built of wood on stone foundations. The ‘jizba’, or main room of  village households, constituted the living space and kitchen, with an oven and a hearth. Above the hearth was a smoke hole to the roof space. Other areas served as stores for cereals, tools, food in jars or chests etc. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Lighting was provided by torches, candles in pottery candlesticks and most of all by firelight from the hearth. The floor was compacted clay mixed with straw, leaves or animal hair. The roof was typically thatched (sheafs of rye or reed straw, often doubled). In front of the house was a garden and a courtyard with farm buildings for poultry, pigs and cattle.
"
"ui_codex_cont_hradiste","Gords, sometimes called Burgwalls, were fortified settlements of various sizes, established from the Neolithic period right through to the early Middle Ages. They were built using the natural terrain or the protection of waterways, on islands or hills. Within the outer walls there would typically be a central fort. Strongholds were mostly built from timber, with an outer palisade (stockade) and ditch or moat. The stronghold fulfilled a protective and strategic function in times of war and also served as a stopover on trade routes or as goods transfer stations."
"ui_codex_cont_hroznata_z_uzic","Between 1284-1286 he was the Supreme Burgrave in Bohemia. He held estates in Rattay and Uzhitz, Talmberg and Czekhanov and the mills in Ledetchko, Kohelnitz and others. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
He had three sons – Ernest, Herman and Záviš. Ernest bore the title derived from his place of residence - Lord of Talmberg. The family coat of arms of the Lords of Talmberg consisted of two silver (argent) water lilies on a red (gules) field, surmounted by a crest of two eagle wings above the helm.
"
"ui_codex_cont_hunter","Gamekeeping and hunting in the Middle Ages were not only for amusement, but chiefly a source of great profit for the King and the nobility who owned the woods. The feudal gamekeepers and huntsmen also undertook woodsmanship - in addition to their obligation to look after the game, they took charge of the forest and its protection. In the forests it was prohibited to hunt deer, fallow-deer, boar or any other game, violation of which was a criminal act subject to heavy fines, or even, in the case of repeated infringements, physical punishment. The same was true for unauthorized logging and collecting of timber. Many poachers came from the ranks of the poor and had not very much to lose, which quite often resulted in physical conflicts with the huntsman when they were caught red-handed. 

"
"ui_codex_cont_hygiena","Sufficient supplies of drinking water constituted a crucial matter for the medieval town. The townspeople often solved the issue by excavating wells in the grounds of their houses or even in the cellar. Apart from these, there were also public wells. The same usually applied in castles, where a well was often dug out to collect water from a nearby source, such as a stream. Well-building was very costly and not possible everywhere. Castle wells could reach enormous depths, in extreme cases even more than 100m deep. It proved more effectual to build a cistern - a tank that resembled a well, but did not have its own water source. They usually collected rain water, which was filtered, and would be emptied out once a year. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
As well as the obtaining fresh water, drainage was necessary. The building of simple sewers or drains is attested to by instructions from aldermen regulating that these sewers be dug and maintained, follow the shortest route and covered from above. Especially in towns, open ditches along paved roads served as drains. Such a system of sewage disposal was a nuisance to the populace, a source of unpleasant smells and spread infectious diseases and epidemics. Hence the originally open ditches were progressively covered over, eventually replaced by brick sewers, which diverted rainwater from the streets and roofs to the nearest watercourse or pond. The regularly recurring epidemics spreading around Europe later demanded a more radical solution.
"
"ui_codex_cont_hygiene","From the 13th century on, waste was dumped behind the house or buried in pits. Toilets consisted of cesspits topped with a wooden superstructure with a seat or just a board. There were water drainage systems and no lack of free-standing latrines or outhouses, or at castles 'privies'. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
It was not uncommon for a latrine to be shared between several dwellings. In the inhospitable and badly-heated castles, there were sometimes bathrooms with bathtubs or even plunge pools. Swimming was attractive not just as a means of cleansing the body, but also for pleasure. In private houses a bathroom was a sign of luxury and high status. This did not mean that wealthier residents washed more often, just that they were more readily able to put on clean clothes.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most common acts of hygiene included hand washing. Even the poorest homes affording a basin with a water pitcher or a suspended water cistern with a faucet. The cleanest people were villagers, who would often wash in the stables or the river. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Church was generally against cleansing the body, and so allowed the priests or monks to bathe only twice a year--at Christmas and on the feast day of some chosen patron. In spite of this there were public baths in each town where people went not just to get clean, but to socialize. Contrary to today’s notions, the people of that time were not very prudish and men and women shared the bathhouse together. Even the urban poor had the right to visit the baths, paid for by the municipality.  
"
"ui_codex_cont_charita","The term ‘charity’ was understood as good works to one’s brethren. Christian iconography depicts charity as a Pelican, feeding its young with its own flesh. Society, inspired by the teaching of the Church and Old Testament stories, showed compassion by giving alms, free medical aid, food and wine to the poor or travellers, sometimes even to the exiled. It was deemed that such acts of mercy secured salvation and a place in Heaven, and were more  about formally securing indulgences, rather than being spontaneous acts of mercy. The Church often founded hospitals, hostels and hospices, as well as granting pardons to prisoners. Paupers were allowed to beg outside churches and to visit the baths at the town’s expense at least twice a year."
"ui_codex_cont_inquisition","The Inquisition was founded in the 12th century primarily as a reaction to the widespread Albigensian (Catharist) heretical movement. Although it was originally intended to serve as an instrument for disciplining the clergy, later (after the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215), its main mission was to combat heresy. The Papal Inquisition in the 1230s was directly subordinated to the Pope and thus became more or less a separate power, because it was answerable only to itself and the Pope. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>The Inquisition’s main tasks were to seek out heretics, interrogate them and convict them or redeem them, and to deliver the unredeemed to secular power for punishment. The term “inquisition” is derived from the Latin “inquisitio” – to investigate or enquire. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>When an inquisitor arrived in a diocese, he would usually report to the bishop and subsequently serve a solemn mass and make a sermon. He would then hear reports from the people about heresy. Heretics were allowed a period of grace (usually 10-30 days) in which they could give themselves up and beg forgiveness. The Inquisitor would then assess the reports he had received and convene the actual trials, which would either confirm or overturn the accusations. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Although in general awareness the Inquisition is frequently associated with cruel procedures, fanaticism and profound fear of the inquisitors, in reality the intention of the Inquisition and its work was focused on rationalizing and legalising trials of heretics and suppressing the practice of trial by ordeal. Therefore, Inquisition trials were based mainly on testimonies and the interrogation of the accused. The latter, however, had almost no rights and could be subjected to torture. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Sometimes informing on people to the Inquisition was used as a means of solving personal disputes, and it was then up to the inquisitor's judgment to decide how to deal with the complaint. However, the Inquisition process ensured that accusations made against the accused by persons known to have a personal conflict with him or her would not be taken into account. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>The Inquisition trial took place and any information revealed during it was not to be made public. In addition to this principle of secrecy, the trials also upheld the principle of writing everything down and keeping records for the needs of the Inquisition. These records were later checked by other persons also present at the proceedings to prevent any manipulation of testimonies.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>In KCD, we tried to stick as close as possible to an actual trial, but took artistic license, for example, with the principle of secrecy, since we allowed Henry to play an active role in the proceedings. We also sped up the entire process. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_jan_hus","[c. 1370 – 6.7.1415]<br/>Jan (John) Hus was a priest and thinker and one of the most important Czech religious reformers and preachers. His works, inspired by the theological writings of John Wycliffe, played a key role in underpinning the essence of the Reformation.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
As of 1398, he worked and disseminated his teachings at Prague University, but as early as 1403 German professors there labelled him a heretic. Six years later, up to twenty thousand doctors, masters and students were forced to leave Prague University as a result of theological disputes.
From 1402, Hus preached at the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague, where all sermons were delivered not in Latin, but in Czech. This place became the centre of the reformation in Bohemia.
Because of his controversial relationship with the Church and opinions on Catholic ethics, Hus was persecuted and finally convicted of heresy by the Council of Constance, for which he was burnt at the stake. The followers of the reformist idea rallied together after the events at Constance, leading to the beginning of the Hussite Wars (1420-1434).
"
"ui_codex_cont_jan_sokol","[c. 1355 – 28.9.1410]<br/>
John Sokol of Lamberg, son of Jaroslav of Kninice and friend of Racek (in KCD Radzig) Kobyla, was a Moravian military leader who held the position of provincial Hetman. He played an active role in the internal disputes of members of the Luxembourg dynasty and was on the side of Wenceslas. Once the king was liberated, he rewarded Sokol by giving him the village of Horky and Castle Skalice near Kostelec in Bohemia. In 1404 John fought against Sigismund of Luxembourg at Znojmo. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
As a member of Wenceslas’ cohort he met Jan Žižka in 1409 and together they battled against the Rosenbergs. He fought on the side of the Polish-Lithuanian coalition during the battle of Grunwald. After the battle he appears to have been poisoned during a banquet hosted by the Polish King Wladyslaw II Jagiello."
"ui_codex_cont_jan_z_predboric","He was first a parish priest in Předbořice, and later the representative in Rome of the Abbots in Břevnov and Ostrov. He would collect tithes on their behalf, for example. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In 1391 he became the Abbot of the monastery in Nezamyslice. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> 
He is the model for the character of the Vicar in KCD, who is in pursuit of heretics.
"
"ui_codex_cont_jaroslav","Jaroslav of Bezmíř (aka of Benešov) was appointed an auxiliary Bishop of Sarepta by Pope Boniface IX in 1394, at which time he was a Bachelor of Theology, then a very high level of education. He probably completed his studies later, sometime around 1403-1409. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> He became an inquisitor sometime before 1408. In 1409-1410 he defended the position of Prague Archbishop Zbyněk Zajíc of Hasenburg and his actions against the teachings of John Wycliffe before the Roman Curia. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>During his career as inquisitor, he came into conflict with Jan Hus and his progressive ideas. He later participated in the trial in Bologna that resulted in the condemnation and burning of John Wycliffe’s books. He was also named as a witness in a document demanding a harsher denunciation of Jan Hus for not attending the Bologna trial, although he himself had requested it. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>We know little of Jaroslav after this point, and it is assumed he was living abroad. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>The Papal Inquisition had been operating in Bohemia since 1257, when two Franciscan inquisitors arrived at the request of King Přemysl Otakara II, and continued intermittently until the Hussite Revolution. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>In KCD we decided to make use of Jaroslav as a very active inquisitor, although the period of the game is somewhat earlier than the time that he was appointed and active as a Papal Inquisitor according to historical sources. As a titular bishop, however, he could have presided over trials if it was required. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_jatka","The slaughterhouse, or shambles, was located on the edge of town. This was the only place that animals could be slaughtered, with butchers' stalls springing up around them. The cattle were examined by the guild master – only if he vouched for their health could they be slaughtered and sold by the butchers. Butchering elsewhere was punishable by a fine. "
"ui_codex_cont_jedy_otravy","A fairly common method of dealing with socio-political issues. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most commonly used poisons were the alkaloids of henbane, datura flower (Devil’s snare), hemlock, or of toadstools, mixed into food or drink. Among the most popular drugs were those inducing abortion, aphrodisiacs, analgesics, antiseptics, digestives, laxatives, narcotics (to induce sleep or with soothing effects) and tonics (to revitalize and give sustenance to the body). One of the worst cases of food poisoning that impacted the wider rural society involved rye infected with the parasitic ergot fungus – before the source of the poisoning was discovered, thousands of people could be affected, which often led to accusations against some local ‘witch’ (since ergot, in a sub-lethal dose, brings on delirium and hallucinations). Indeed, quite often the underlying cause of ‘witchery’ superstitions and allegations was nothing other than intoxication by psychoactive substances sometimes used in the making of lotions and potions. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_jizda_kun","Horseriding in the Middle Ages was done only in the full straddling position – by both men and women. Knights rode exclusively on stallions; to ride a mare was considered a faux-pas for a knight. Spurs were used to control the horse as well as serving as a badge of honour – either fixed or detachable. The bridle bits were originally only simple jointed snaffle pieces with two attached straight guides with rings. In the 15th century they were replaced by the hollow, mullen and later the curb bit types. Hooves were protected by horseshoes. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
There were special forms of armour designed to protect a mounted warrior on his charger, for example a brigandine platecoat composed of longitudinal segments. The tack of a military/tournament horse including a bridle and ornate reins weighing around 2.5 kg and the horse’s whole burden, including the armoured rider, came to some 217 kg. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Only the nobility could afford mounts; horses were otherwise used for hauling farm equipment and wagons.
"
"ui_codex_cont_jmena_prijmeni","The period up to the 13th century was characterized by Slavonic names, mostly of pagan origin. Common people would keep names short and simple like Odolen (the robust), Dobroš (the good), Chval (the praised). Names were also given according to place in society. Compound names such as Drahomíra (who values peace), Boleslav (more famed, more fabled) and Ludmila (dear to the people) were reserved for royalty and the nobility. Christian names were derived from Latin (Paul, Silvester, Florian), Hebrew (James, Daniel, John) and Greek (Andrew, Nicholas, Peter). <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Once Christianity took over completely, only names belonging to Christian martyrs were permitted. In the towns and the countryside the prevailing names were John, Peter, Margaret, Catherine and Anna, while the nobility retained the privilege of using names like Sophia, Elizabeth, Jacob, Ulrich or Hermann. Additional bynames added information about the location of the family seat, social or religious standing, or about relationships with relatives, for example Diviš z Talmberka (in KCD Divish of Talmberg), Jan Ptáček z Pirkštejna (Hans Capon of Pirkstein), Hanuš z Pirkštejna, syn Jindřicha (Hanush of Pirkstein, son of Henry). In addition, sometimes an epithet would be used, for example Jan Zajíc (Hanekin Hare) of Valdek, Jan the Younger of Hradec etc. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The growing population and the limited number of first names gave rise to the surname as we know it today. The surname was derived from the place where the person lived (like in English, for example Hill, Woods, Forest), from their occupation (Coachman, Miller, Smith), from their physiognomy or appearance (Ruddy, Small, Brown), or were patronymics - derived from the father's forename (Davis, Littlejohn) or matronymics - derived from the mother's forename (Marriott, Beaton). 
"
"ui_codex_cont_klasterni_hier","The Benedictines were a decentralized order, all the monasterial communities were independent and the respective were headed by an Abbot. His representative at the monasterial level was the Prior. The smaller organizational units were in turn called priories, with the Prior at the head. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Abbot frequently travelled on the King’s or Pope’s business or to arrange the business affairs of the order, and could thus be away for extended periods. At such times the Prior would stand in for him. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Among the other occupations at the monastery were watchmen - bell-ringing circators, whose task was to patrol the entire monastery during hours of mandatory work, study and prayer and ensure that there were no idlers and everyone maintained order and silence. The various administrative sections of the establishment were entrusted to obedientiaries. The Preceptor, or Cantor, was responsible for training the monks in ecclesiastical singing and conducting services. The procuring of food, beverages and fuel for the community and its guests was the job of the general bursar or steward of the monastery cellars - the Brother Cellarius, while accounts and administration were down to the Provost. The Infirmarian gave shelter and cared for any ailing monks. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>

In the monastery of St Procopius at the time of Abbot Peter (1377-1405, i.e. the time of our game), there were about 30 monks. Their names in the game derive from the surviving records of brothers actually there at the time. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_knihy","Collecting and preserving written records goes back to ancient times, but the barbarians who sacked Rome in the 5th century destroyed a great many, so a lot of rare manuscripts have only been preserved indirectly, via the Arab world. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Various materials were used to write on: pieces of fabric, papyrus or vellum (fine animal leather). Parchment was expensive and was therefore used primarily for codices and deeds of privilege, due to its significantly longer lifespan. The most widely used material was paper. The writing implements used included the quill pen, engraver, brush or reed cane, charcoal and chalk sticks.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The transcription of books was the monks’ domain. Each book was unique, carefully decorated, the text enriched with bounteous illuminations, all done by hand. The production of a book took many years, making them very expensive. Major works of that time came into being in Latin, but during the Middle Ages some literature began to appear in the respective national languages. Books were very heavy (so as to be hard to steal), and contained a great many pages. Although there were some miniature handbook formats, too, there were books so massive that they couldn't be carried by one man.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Not only because of their value, but to protect them from destruction, important writings were often kept in chests or cabinets. Only later did ‘libraries’ come into being, where the volumes would be tethered to the reading desk by a chain.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Libraries were needed by administrative offices and places of learning, especially universities. The largest collections were to be found at the Sorbonne, Oxford and University of Prague, where there were books donated by Emperor Charles IV himself. Notable members of the nobility or the Church also boasted private collections, despite the fact that not all of them could read. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_koncil","Ecumenical councils were ecclesiastical assemblies of representatives who discussed and debated on the topic of faith and Church administration. For example, the great Council of Constance (1414-1418), which lasted four years and dealt with the issues of the reformation and the Papal Schism, and also condemned the preacher Jan Hus of heresy, resulting in his execution by burning."
"ui_codex_cont_kosovo_pole","The Battle of Kosovo took place on June 15th, 1389, between the Christian forces led by the Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, assisted by his compatriot, the noble Vuk Branković, and Bosnian King Tvrtko I against the invading armies of the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad I and his sons. It was a decisive battle, although without a clear victor, which strengthened the Ottoman position in newly conquered territories in Europe."
"ui_codex_cont_kostel_vybava","Church fixtures and fittings comprised the liturgical devices used in Church services and statues, paintings and frescos, which served to enlighten the uneducated populace in simple terms about Biblical stories and religious observance. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Pulpit – the raised platform from where the priest gives sermons or readings. <br/>
Altar – where the sacrifice of Communion is consecrated. This could be in the main or side aisle, often highly ornate. <br/>.
Ciborium – the receptacle for the Eucharist, the transformed sacred host<br/>
Chalice – the Eucharistic goblet for the wine (transformed into the blood of Christ)<br/>
Paten – the shallow bowl or plate used to hold the sacred host (body of Christ)<br/>
Monstrance – the ornate casket to hold the Eucharist (host)<br/>
"
"ui_codex_cont_kostely","The church was not just a place of worship, but also an important communication centre in medieval society. Its basic layout consisted of the central nave or aisle (sometimes with side naves) and a sanctuary, which included the chancel. This housed the main altar, where mass was served. Most churches were aligned with the chancel at the eastern end. At the main entrance was a baptismal font. Another important element was the pulpit, from which the priest addressed the congregation. By contrast with today, the sermon was separate from the mass. During the church service, the priest stood with his back to the congregation and, in keeping with Papal instructions, the mass was said in Latin, which was not generally comprehensible to the congregation. In compensation, the church walls were richly decorated with painted scenes, intended to bring the mystery of the liturgy and especially biblical scenes come alive for the illiterate common people. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
When not used for religious services, the church premises would serve, for example, for the temporary storage of grain and other goods that were being traded, or as a place of assembly of the citizenry if the need arose to address some important public issue. "
"ui_codex_cont_krest","Under Christian doctrine, Baptism is the ritual shedding of Original Sin and Salvation cannot occur without it (Original Sin condemns all people since Adam to die). In the early Middle Ages, adults who consciously entered into the Christian fold were the ones baptized, while at the height of the Middle Ages Baptism came to include even young children. If a child died prematurely (i.e. unbaptized), its soul could not go to Heaven, nor could the body be buried in hallowed ground. Baptisms took place mainly on religious holidays (especially at Easter), and churches would have special baptismal fonts for the occasion – the Baptistery. "
"ui_codex_cont_kroniky","Since earliest times, it was the task of the educated members of the Court or spiritual leaders to take on the writing of chronicles, i.e. literary works describing contemporary events, the lives of their rulers, great battles and sometimes even everyday life. Records were kept in chronological order, and as well as giving the dates, they provide a wealth of historical information. They are among the best sources for investigating and revisiting the history of the country, famous people, places, buildings and day-to-day affairs. 
There are different types of chronicles: world, national, episcopal, monastic, royal, dynastic, provincial (tracking genealogy), urban, biographical or autobiographical, travel journals and more. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most important Czech chronicles include those of Kosmas and Dalimil, the Canon of Vyšehrad, the writings of the Sasau Monk and the Zbraslav Chronicle. The chroniclers generally enjoyed the most favourable conditions – most lived at the courts, had free access to older written records and courtly life and plenty of time to devote to writing. Although chronicles are the most valuable historic source, when reading them and extrapolating, their historical ideological subtext has to be borne in mind: for example, Kosmas wrote his chronicle with unabashed sympathy for the Přemyslids, while Dalimil showed great antipathy against the Germans. Both occasionally mix up facts with myths and legends (e.g. beginning Czech history with the building of the Tower of Babel). <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Some of the books to be found in the game are a transliteration of chapters from Kosmas or Dalimil — e.g. the account of Forefather Čech, the Maidens’ War etc.
"
"ui_codex_cont_kuchyne","Medieval kitchens differed in the countryside, the city and at court. In earlier times, everything was cooked outdoors, while later (at the time of our narrative), stove hearths were built, which served for heating the home as well as cooking. Some kitchens had an open fireplace indoors, with the smoke drawn off by small windows and fume hoods. When we speak of the so-called ‘smoke-kitchen’ or 'black kitchen', this was largely a feature of taverns, mills, presbyteries and manors, which go its name from the smoke-blackened walls around it."
"ui_codex_cont_kumani_v_cechach","The Cumans first arrived in Czech lands in 1260. Under the leadership of the Hungarian Crown Prince Stephen they fought against Bishop Bruno and the army of the Austrian lords, which they thoroughly vanquished. 
The Cumans appeared for the second time in the 1270s, when they defeated the army of King Přemysl Otakar and went on to pillage Moravia. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
They last invaded the Czech lands under Sigismund of Luxembourg, who could afford no better mercenaries than the Cumans. Estimates speak of several thousand fighters. One of the places that succumbed to their ravages was Silver Skalitz, the birthplace of our game’s hero. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_kurtoazie","Courtliness or courtesy stand for courtly etiquette. The cradle of courtesy was France, and later England, where the patterns of beauty, education, diplomacy and the arts were formulated. The origins of courtesy are considered to be the chivalry of a knight toward his Lady: adoration, versifying, greetings, gestures and obedience. Not overlooked were rules for conduct during feasts, stylized movement (e.g. mounting a horse or sitting down at table), as well as protecting the ladies and the weaker, or the manner of divulging one’s own feelings and emotions. Important elements in this were language, the playing of musical instruments and dance. Many considered courtesy to be effete, but despite this, for quite a long time it dominated high society’s approach to manners and the arts. "
"ui_codex_cont_kutna_hora","Kuttenberg is today a district town of the Central Bohemian region, 70 km east of Prague. 
The founding of Kuttenberg (the official name of the city in the Middle Ages) came about thanks to the discovery of silver ore deposits in the vicinity and its location next to Sedletz Monastery, the commercial and economic centre of the region. City rights were acquired by Kuttenberg in 1318, after which time the economic activity of the city was taken care of by the so-called Urburer, or Royal Clerk. To keep the operation of the mint and the mines to a high standard and safe, a list of legal edicts was issued - Ius Regale Montanorum (the Mining Regulative). 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The city soon became rich and had the same powers as the Old Town of Prague. The wealthiest inhabitants of Kuttenberg were the German population, while a lower class consisted of mineworkers, smelters, mint workers, artisans and servants. Almost every city-dweller had some connection to silver mining, minting coinage or trading. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The treasures of found and mined silver supported the development of other Czech cities, including the construction of new buildings in Prague. The architecture of Kuttenberg is due to Wenceslas IV. During his reign, the former timber houses were rebuilt in brick or as half-timbered. There were also churches, a sterling court and other public works built at that time. Kuttenberg retains its Gothic genius loci to this day.
"
"ui_codex_cont_ledecko","Ledetchko is a small village with a mill. During the 14th and 15th centuries the village belonged to Arnold (Arnošt) of Talmberg. The village originally had a second mill called Kuchelník."
"ui_codex_cont_les","Forests belonged to the King, especially along the border zones, and played not only an economic, but also a strategic role – felled trees were used as a form of fortification called 'abatises'. From the 14th century on it was considered proper to look after forests, and only the ruler could decree whether his subjects could cut down trees for construction. The ruler could also allow farmers rights to graze their livestock or to make charcoal, but on condition that the hinds and does could bear their young unhindered. The subjects had to cut the grass and dry the hay on forest meadows and were allowed to catch hares. Hunting of other game by anyone except the owner or his appointed huntsman was, however, prohibited under strict penalties. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the forests of the time the tree cover was largely of beech and fir and mixed oak, in which only certain timber varieties would be felled: oak for water structures, beech for charcoal-burning etc. Overall, forest cover in the Middle Ages suffered considerable intervention and in some places was completely wiped out. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_lidove_pisne","Folk music, as distinct from Church music, inclined to major scales and was more joyful and upbeat. In Bohemia and Moravia it was for centuries a part of rural daily life. Most of the songs were passed down by oral tradition, while a few can be found in hymnals and chronicles. Some have been preserved to this day in variations. "
"ui_codex_cont_literature","In the late 14th and early 15th centuries, both Czech and German were spoken in the Czech Lands. German first appeared after German colonization and made its way largely into the towns, the upper classes, and literature - love poems and bureaucratic language. Czech had evolved from old Slavonic and was spoken by the poorer residents, becoming an official language only during the reign of Charles IV. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Apart from these two languages there was Latin, the language of books, chronicles, learned treatises, official deeds and documents. Latin was the language of the Church and the Bible, and served as the medium of international communication. The development of the Slavic language and its emancipation was the domain of the monasteries, including Sasau, from the early Middle Ages on. The preacher Jan Hus was one of the pioneers of fostering the Czech language. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
As for literature, Czech found its due place from the early 14th century in various genres: spiritual and secular lyricism (love stories), epics and dramas. Among the oldest examples were legends, e.g. about Judas Iscariot, Pontius Pilate, the lives of the Saints, knightly epics, chronicles and satires. Apart from official documents in Latin, correspondence was written in Czech from the end of the 14th century. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_locksmith","Even though we know of locking systems dating back to ancient times, locksmithing, as a separate craft, came into being roughly between 1390 and 1408. Before this time, the work was done by blacksmiths. In rural settlements, even after locksmithing came into its own, the work might well be done by an above-average blacksmith. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the 14th century, the lock was still fitted to the outside of the door, made of iron, and its mechanism was rather complicated. The locksmith decorated the lock cover and keyhole plates. People even regarded their fancy locks as a status symbol, until the locksmiths amalgamated into guilds and their creativity began to be restricted by security regulations.
"
"ui_codex_cont_loupeze","Pickpocketing and petty theft most often happened in crowds, in taverns or on the road and in throngs of merchants, wagoners or pilgrims. The loot would be offered for sale in other drinking dens. Thieving was an underhand 'craft' and the identities of the miscreants were known in the vicinity – if they managed to escape justice for long, that is."
"ui_codex_cont_lumberjack","During the early Middle Ages, agriculture and the rapid growth of towns took its toll on forests, with massive clearing. There was no reforestation done in those days, so in the 15th century some areas had even less forest cover than today, while the towns themselves were surrounded by zones of outright devastation. Logging was done by woodcutters. Their basic tool was a large single-sided axe on a long handle or haft; while various wooden wedges and hammers were used to split the lumber. Transport of lumber from distant areas was difficult, which led to using navigable waterways, down which the lumber was left to drift freely. "
"ui_codex_cont_maltster","Beer had since the earliest times been brewed by anyone with the know-how. It was only in the 13th century that brewing gradually come to be regulated. The rules stated that beer could only be brewed and sold by a fully-fledged citizen who owned a house within the town walls. The right to brew closely relates to the 'one-mile right', which dictated that none but citizens of a town were allowed to conduct 'urban' trades within a one mile radius of the city.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The technical process was supervised by the master brewer, the making of the malt and beer was dealt with by the maltster and a brewer handled the fermentation and brewing. In domestic breweries, all these jobs would be done by one man.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The shelf life of beer depended on whether the finished brew was filtered or not. Yeast remained in the brew, as well as acetic or lactic bacteria, contaminating it. Beer then, quite unlike today, resembled a thick mush, and was very nutritious (hence known as ‘liquid bread’). It had to be drunk through a straw to filter out foreign matter. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
St. Wenceslas was the patron saint of maltsters in Bohemia, while the legendary Gambrinus, though not a saint, was regarded as the patron of brewing. The Bohemian brewing tradition thrives to this day and Czech beer is amongst the best in the world."
"ui_codex_cont_marnice","The morgue was a simple building of wood or stone, built near the church in a corner of the cemetery. It was the place where biers and coffins with the deceased were put. Here the family kept vigil over the body of the departed and prepared it for burial. "
"ui_codex_cont_matej","[Cca. 1350/1355 – 30. 11. 1393]<br/>Matthew of Janow was an intellectual, writer, preacher and theologian. He was born in Janow, a village in South Bohemia. He began his studies in Prague and completed them at the university in Paris, where he became a Master of Liberal Arts. He never completed the study of theology he had begun. Following his return to Prague, he held a number of Church offices and became the confessor of Archbishop Jan of Jenstein. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> His intellectual works, concerned mostly with the study of the Bible, emphasising Christ and the Eucharist, while on the other hand he criticised some subsequent, non-biblical stipulations of the Church, which he regarded as lacking the authority of Scripture and sometimes contradicting it. He also criticised the Papal Schism of the time, the disunity of the Church and the excessive cult of sacred images and saints. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>For some of his ideas and teachings he was suspected of heresy, but he cleared himself of such accusations before the Archbishop’s Vicar and revised some of his opinions. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Matthew is regarded as one of the most significan Czech reformers before Jan Hus, together with the preacher Konrad von Waldhausen and Jan Milíč of Kroměříž, who greatly influenced him. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>The entire progress of the early Czech reformation was driven by criticism of the Church’s material conditions, appeals to personal devotion and frequent Communion. Matthew’s work was followed by that of the important Hussite theologian Jakoubek of Stříbro, who defended the taking of the Eucharist “by both means” (bread and wine) even for lay people."
"ui_codex_cont_mestane","In the Middle Ages the relationships between townsfolk and villagers were not particularly good. Townspeople (not only those enjoying the freedom of full city rights, but also the poor) regarded themselves as higher ranking than agricultural peasants in villages. Often enough they did indeed have higher social standing, due to their trade and business profits. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Towns were the economic and cultural centres, but it was the country that provided the goods, especially foodstuffs. In a medieval town, the best properties around the square and the market were owned by rich Councillors and merchants. Around them lived the craftsmen and artisans, and the poor by the city walls. The townspeople’s livelihoods stemmed largely from trade, skilled crafts and many associated professions. Like today, the townsfolk bought their food at the market. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
According to some sources, Prague at the time of Charles IV had some 40,000 inhabitants. At this time London had about 80,000. Paris was comparable to Prague, although the Czech capital covered a larger area. The nobles did not generally live in the cities, but resided on their own estates. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_mestske_brany","The city gates (they were always at least two) served to watch over the comings and goings of the city dwellers, and tolls and duties were collected there from traders for goods brought in and sold. The ground level housed the armoury and storage facilities, the highest level featured an astronomical clock or town clock. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The gate tower was typically a rectangular tower of greater or lesser height with a passage through and a drawbridge over a frontal moat. The walls of some cities also included a water gate, through which the townspeople made their way to the water supply. There were also dedicated gates for the executioner and his henchmen, for unclean people, as well as Jewish gates. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
After closing time, it was only possible to enter the city with a special permit from the Councillors. Anyone who failed to make it back in time had to spend the night outside the city walls. The gate was locked with a key that was kept overnight with the Bailiff or the Head of the City Council. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_miller","Milling is one of the oldest crafts in the Czech lands, the construction of water mills being well known since earliest times. Over the centuries the mechanism was perfected, and in the Middle Ages there was a mill in practically every village. There were also windmills or mills powered by oxen or horses. Milling was one of the so-called freelance professions. They conducted trade in the village, among other roles.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

With the increasing number of water mills and other water-powered equipment, there was a need to settle relationships between the various millers. Already by the mid-14th century, an association of provincial millers – experts in the field of water rights, was set up, with powers to survey watercourses, stipulate the scale of mill earthworks, assess the technical condition of mills and so on. They also drew up a code of conduct for millers, so as to ensure their use of water for milling caused no loss to others. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

Since the mills stood apart from the other village houses, millers were often the subject of gossip and were accused of earning money on the side in nefarious ways – from selling customers short on flour, to outright witchcraft, thievery and trafficking in stolen goods. The latter accusations in particular were certainly defamatory and without a grain of truth. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_mincmistr","Two officials in the medieval Mint, whose job it was to oversee the quality of minted coins and punish counterfeiters. One of them was appointed by the King, and the role was hereditary. The second official was elected by the Bohemian nobility. Incompetent handling of the post or allowing flawed coins into circulation were subject to severe penalties, even the death sentence."
"ui_codex_cont_miner","Medieval miners worked down the mines manually with hammers and chisels, by the light of small hand-held lamps. The rate of progress through the rock was very slow - often just inches per week – though they still managed, by shift work and many years of chipping away, to excavate hundreds of metres of underground tunnels, sometimes as deep as 600 metres below the surface. The mining system mostly consisted of larger and comfortably passable horizontal and vertical shafts, from which radiated out smaller galleries, where the miners literally had to crawl on all fours. The tunnelling work was expedited by setting fires at the ends of the shafts so the heat would crack the rock, making it easier to chip away. Each miner was thoroughly searched every time he left the mine-works. Silver was the property of the Crown and theft incurred severe penalties. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Mining was very dangerous and exhausting, which is why mining wives often became widows up to seven times over. A number of churches and breweries were built in mining communities and no doubt the latter did thriving business. As an old proverb says, ‘the haughty miners in the mountains have drudgery till Saturday, but money only till Sunday.’ The patron saint of miners was Saint Barbara.
"
"ui_codex_cont_modlitby","The earliest prayers were dedicated to the Virgin Mary – Hail Mary (in Latin: Ave Maria), Beneath Thy Protection (Sub tuum praesidium) with a rosary and numerous litanies. The prayers followed the pagan formulations, which were modified with the adoption of Christianity, to fit the new doctrine. In addition to the Marian prayers, the more frequently chanted were the Lord’s prayer, the Credo (declaration of faith), and the ‘Angel of the Lord’. Litanies were dedicated primarily to Christ, but also to other saints. The priest would incant and the people respond ‘Kyrie Eleison’. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The monks knew and used many more prayers, relating to the daily cycle. Hermits and others who dedicated themselves to God in solitude, recited the scripture and psalms. During the liturgy the prevailing language was Latin, with some prayers or songs in the vernacular, e.g. ‘Lord, be kind unto us’ or ‘Saint Wenceslas’. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_money","Currency in the Middle Ages took the form coins minted in denominations corresponding to the quantity of precious material used (gold or silver). In Bohemia, the silver Prague Groschen long served as legal tender. The decimal system was not in general use - one Groschen divided into 7 'pennies', and those in turn into 14 hellers. Similarly, counting and calculating was done in dozens (12) and threescores ('kopa' - 60). However, since this would be rather confusing for us today, the smallest unit of value in the game is 0.1 Groschen. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Around the year 1400, the quality (and hence the value) of the Groschen dropped significantly, with other metals being added to the silver. This was to do with overexploitation of the mining deposits of the most valuable metals around Kuttenberg, Central Bohemia, and Jihlava (Iglau) in Moravia and a shortage of goods for exchange with foreign countries. Economic and financial problems at that time led to growing anti-Semitism, a rise in crime and, ultimately, the collapse of the Czech currency. Counterfeit coins were in circulation alongside genuine ones, despite the fact that counterfeiting was one of the most serious crimes and was punished by burning at the stake. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Coins were circular and marked with a crown or the crowned head of the monarch on the obverse, and in Bohemia the Czech lion in a square on the reverse, substituted by an eagle in Moravia. Smaller silver coins were minted right up to the Hussite wars. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The mint employed two mint-masters to vouch for the precious metal quality of the coins, under mortal oath. The prices of goods and articles varied locally and changed frequently.
"
"ui_codex_cont_mrchojedy","A small village near Samopše (Samopesh), which was the property of the Sasau Monastery in the 15th century. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[The Stone Man]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The “Stone Man” is an unusual standing stone (or stele) composed of red sandstone with a carving of a warrior with a spear. It is located at a crossroads in the Sasau region, between Merhojed and the field track to Talmberg. According to an unsubstantiated theory, the stele was brought here from Sasau Monastery when it was reconstructed in the 14th century. The identities of the author of the relief carving and the man depicted remain a mystery. The Stone Man may have been a Slavic warrior or St. Longinus with the Holy Lance (his name is derived from the Greek word for lance) who according to the New Testament used it to pierce the side of Jesus on the cross.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Budin Mill]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the middle ages, Budin Mill was a supplier of local villages and small towns. In the 17th century it was part of Merhojed, becoming the property of Jan Budínský in 1678, from whom it takes its name.
"
"ui_codex_cont_music","Until the 11th century, music and singing were mostly liturgical, though also associated with everyday activities. In the world of religion, there were the Gregorian chants (taking their name from Pope Gregory the Great), or musical forms with Latin singing unaccompanied by instruments, used in the rites of the Roman Catholic Church. The Middle Ages were not averse to singing, but a difficult time for musical instruments, since the Church frowned upon any kind of music other than vocal. For centuries, therefore, the instruments of old continued to be used and no new ones were invented. Instrumental music in its own right gained prominence only in the 14th century, in the ‘ars nova’ or New Art period. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The concept of an original musical work or composition was as yet unknown; music arose mostly from improvisation and musical works were learned off by heart and spread by oral transmission."
"ui_codex_cont_nabytek","At the beginning of 15th century, Czech furniture was made of planks and boards using construction of varying intricacy. The timber used was oak, fir, walnut, linden, ash, larch or spruce. The surface was treated with beeswax or linseed varnish. By the end of the Gothic period shellac varnish came into use. Staining was done by smoking, using fermented cabbage water, or blanching with limewater. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Tables and chairs had much the same design, with flat side panels or x-shaped boards. Chests were made in various sizes, for keeping dry goods, garments or other small items of property. Townspeople slept on beds with drapes. Village homes were very simply furnished. The peasants made their own furniture from split and dressed planks and posts. In peasant cottages they slept on beds of hay or straw laid on the ground . <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Joiners and carvers decorated furniture with ornamentation. The most expensive furniture had metal elements, which served to brace and reinforce as well as having a decorative function. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Most of the furniture in KCD is based on medieval examples from the 12-16th centuries."
"ui_codex_cont_nadavky","Although the more educated or higher-born tried to keep invective and vulgarities out of their speech, swearing has been part of the vernacular since time immemorial. Profanity was not only verbal, but often appeared in written form in documents that sought to defame and humiliate those addressed.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Some of the slurs arose by corrupting foreign-language expressions, others were derived from animals and their attributes. Often used as insults were onomatopoeic words (articulated noises) or metaphors, words derived from adjectives, attitudes towards work, criminal offences, political stances, professions, psychological malaise or people's names. The worst kind of insult questioned the honour of the individual – such swearwords quite often led to court cases or duels. It was common practice that anyone not prepared to defend their honour would indeed lose it in the eyes of those around. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_napoje","There were shortages of clean drinking water (due to pollution of watercourses by human activities around rural settlements) and fruit juices were available only in season. Hence everyone, including children, drank beer. The beer brewed at home was weaker and heavier than today, contained 1-5% alcohol, and served instead of soup. It had no head of foam, was brewed from wheat - so-called ‘white beer’, or from barley - ‘old beer’. Only in the 15th century did hops come to be added for better beer quality, bringing out a bitter flavour. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Wine was drunk primarily at Court and in the monasteries. It differed from today’s by its spicy, very sweet taste. It would be condensed into a thick syrup and diluted with water. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Spirits were altogether rare. Distillation took place in small volumes. Fruit and cereal distillates were again weaker than today’s (about 15-20%). The most popular drink was mead, made from fermented honey dissolved in water. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_naradi","The basic agricultural tools in a Czech medieval village were adzes, hoes, shovels, spades, shears, knives, axes, flails, scythes, rakes, forks and also ploughing tools such as the beamed plough, turn-plough, ard-plough and harrow. Each craft had need of its own special equipment and tools."
"ui_codex_cont_nastenna_malba","Medieval frescos were intrinsic to architecture and had both a decorative and educational function for the illiterate population, showing in simple terms the wealth and superiority of the nobles and detailing Biblical stories or scenes from the lives of the saints. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Extensive works of art were to be seen in the larger residences, monasteries and churches or palaces, fashioned by specialized painting studios. Less significant buildings were decorated by local, individual artists. Painters in the Middle Ages did not tend to sign their work, and thus largely remain anonymous to this day. Most of the paintings were created by following strict, formally conceived designs and templates, so the styles of individual authors did not differ much. The aim was not originality, but to portray the particular scene masterfully. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_necronomicon","The Necronomicon is a fictional magical book invented by the writer Howard Phillips Lovecraft in 1924. The name literally translates as ‘the book of the dead’. This was supposedly a volume written in the 8th century by a mad Arab, Abdul Alhazred, containing dangerous information on the practice of black magic and the occult. The Pope had the book banned and ritually burned, yet copies spread around the world. All this sounded so plausible that many readers took the existence of the book for real. The hoax was helped by the reference to Queen Elizabeth’s Mage, John Dee, who had supposedly translated the book, but according to Lovecraft he had never published it. The book’s fame spread further and wider and it has become a living part of pop culture (to which we also subscribe)."
"ui_codex_cont_nemoci","In addition to the most common medieval disease – the plague, known also as the 'Black Death' - other prevalent diseases were whooping cough, cholera, influenza, malaria, tuberculosis, typhus, leprosy, anthrax and diphtheria. Great risks stemmed from commonplace mould and from giving birth. 
People commonly suffered from parasites, bladder problems, kidney stones and hernias. Fractures were also commonplace. Cataracts could be removed by a surgeon or an executioner. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Diseases spread due to poor hygiene, natural disasters, crop failures, famine, cold, humidity, wars and animal-borne contagion. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_neuhof","According to written chronicles, Neuhof by Sasau was a noble's court, which was destroyed during extensive floods. The small town of Nové Dvory was built in its place."
"ui_codex_cont_nikopole","The battle of Nicopolis took place on 25/9/1396 between the Hungarian King Sigismund and the Turks, led by Sultan Bayezid. Sigismund’s army was made up of soldiers from France, Burgundy, Germany, England, Italy, Bohemia, Poland and other countries. In all it was 10 to 15 thousand strong. The Ottomans, who at the end of the 14th century controlled the entirety of the Balkans, numbered almost 20 thousand. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The experienced Turkish combatants routed the Christian knights completely, largely because the Russian and French knights disobeyed orders, attacked the Turkish vanguard under the misconception that it was the main force and were subsequently crushed. Those who didn’t die on the battlefield were brutally put to death, reportedly up to 3,000 men. The wealthiest were taken prisoner and saved only by paying a ransom, which they paid over decades. When news of the defeat reached Paris, no one believed it, and those who had initially spread the news were put to death by drowning for spreading malicious lies.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Ottoman victory was a triumph of Islam over Christendom. The Turkish army represented a real threat to European countries, especially Hungary.
"
"ui_codex_cont_opati","A chronological list of Abbots and superiors of the monastery from its origins up until 1405. The year after the name indicates when from. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>

1. St Procopius 1035<br/>
2. Vitus 1053<br/>
3. Emmeram 1086<br/>
4. Božetěch 1092<br/>  
5. Děthard 1097<br/>
6. Silvestr 1134<br/>
7. Božata 1161<br/>
8. Reginhard 1162<br/>
9. Unlisted<br/>
10. Blažej 1202<br/>
11. John I 1276<br/>
12. Matthew 1321<br/>
13. Přibyslav 1332<br/>
14. Albert 1354<br/> 
15. Peter of Zbýšov 1377<br/> 
16. John II. 1405<br/>
17. Nevlas 1405<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You get the chance to meet John and Nevlas in the game, while Peter is only spoken of, but not present. "
"ui_codex_cont_ota_IV_mladsi","[1399 - 1452]<br/>
Otto IV called Young Bergow of Trosky, the son of Otto III, was a member of the League of the Lords. He fought against the Hussites and ransacked the Opatovice monastery. As well as daughters he had only one son, John II, with whose death in 1455 the male lineage ends.
"
"ui_codex_cont_padelani_pen","During the 14th century, when the Czech currency was losing value due to the substitution of silver with cheaper metals, counterfeiting of money got better, despite the stringent prosecution and death penalty it entailed. One example of such counterfeiting consisted of coins that were silver plated over a lead core. This could be tested by biting the coin (since lead is softer than silver). The counterfeiters’ workshops were often hidden away in karst and sandstone caves, and featured a compact laboratory, as the silver-plating of the base metal was a chemical process requiring special equipment. "
"ui_codex_cont_painter","During the early Middle Ages, no one knew the names of the artists who painted the panels and frescoes, and the bulk of their works remains anonymous to this day. Often the paintings were undertaken by monks, who decorated their monasteries alongside illuminating manuscripts. The painters and illuminators made their own pigments from ground natural materials. Their themes were mainly historical and Biblical, or geometrically decorative."
"ui_codex_cont_pasovani","In the Middle Ages, smuggling was regarded as taking any goods in or out of a town without paying export or import duties. Smugglers had to know alternate routes and how to avoid the tax collectors. When smuggling through the gates, they made use of false-bottomed vehicles or baskets, or even resorted to climbing over the walls by night. Contraband included fabrics, spices, wine and other less freely-available goods subject to high taxation. "
"ui_codex_cont_pastime","The medieval nobleman spent his leisure time hunting, playing games, singing or playing a musical instrument. Special entertainments consisted of tournaments, dances and plays. Books were rarely read, because they were rare and expensive and most of the nobility was illiterate.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the countryside, there were also many opportunities for amusement. Work was strictly forbidden on Church holidays and on Sundays, and there were many more feast days than there are today. In the case of certain professions, the working week could also be interrupted due to weather or unpredictable events. In all there were about 190 working days in the year, roughly 20 days per month or 4-5 days a week.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most popular medieval board games were chess, draughts (checkers), backgammon, Mill (also called Nine Men’s Morris), Hnefatafl, Fox and Geese and dice. Ball games were also played. Chess was costly and time consuming to play and was therefore restricted mainly to noble circles. Burghers favoured draughts and common folk were fond of the simpler games of dice and Mill. Cards and card games already existed in Europe at the end of the 14th century, but only spread more widely later with the spread of printing. The bourgeois, emulating the nobility in their leisure time, took to bird shooting, for example. During the 15th century archery fellowships began to form in the townships. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Gambling was also widespread throughout the Middle Ages, regardless of gender or status, which is evidenced, for example, by the Maiestas Carolina Act of December 1357, in which Emperor Charles IV himself forbade gambling at Christmas time and commissioned Prague Archbishop Arnošt of Pardubice to penalise offenders of any social class with fines as well as spiritual penance (in extreme cases, even excommunication).
"
"ui_codex_cont_pastime_lov","Hunting was always a source of meat and furs, mainly for the lesser nobility. For the aristocracy, courtly hunting was more for enjoyment, being much cheaper entertainment than tournaments, while providing similar thrills. Hunting became a favourite pastime and chasing game with dogs became almost a ritual. Hunting weapons were similar to those used in battle: bows, crossbows, spears, daggers. Dogs were used to track and chase down game until the exhausted animal stood its ground in last defence. Then came the moment for the hunters (up till then only following the sound of the baying hounds), to down the animal with an arrow or spear. Finishing off on the ground was done with a sword or dagger. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Falconry - hunting with a falcon (originating in the Orient) and other specifically trained raptors (goshawks and sparrowhawks) was more of a fashion, a pursuit for both men and women. The poorer classes were not allowed to hunt in the forests, subject to strict penalties (with the exception of hare-hunting). 
"
"ui_codex_cont_pilgrim","Religious pilgrimages were an important part of the Christian world. There were a number of reasons for embarking on a pilgrimage: the pursuit of forgiveness of sins, curtailment of Purgatory for the soul of the pilgrim or his loved ones, requests for healing or other divine help, expressing thanksgiving or profound piety and an effort to deepen it. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> The destinations of pilgrimages were places connected with Christ's life and work or places where saints had lived or were interred. The most important pilgrimage site was the City of Jerusalem and the place of the Holy Sepulchre; the most frequented sites in Europe were Rome, the seat of the Popes, associated with the work of St. Peter, and the city of Santiago de Compostela and the relics of St. James. In Bohemia, the most important pilgrimage site was Prague, where the remains of several saints were interred over time, the most important of which was the country’s patron saint, St. Wenceslas, who was laid to rest in St. Vitus Cathedral. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>To carry out a pilgrimage was to undergo a strenuous and often hazardous journey, whether by land or by sea, and it was a significant achievement for an individual. Providing shelter and assistance to a pilgrim was considered a moral deed. Naturally, the development of the pilgrimage became linked to commercial elements, especially around pilgrimage sites and inns along the route. Often it was possible to recognise pilgrims by their specific attire, which we can see in many illustrations, consisting of a cloak, a staff, a “scrip” or satchel and badges. A common motif or symbol of pilgrimages was St. James' shell; it was believed that such a shell brought back from a pilgrimage was blessed and therefore had supernatural powers. These shells were sometimes placed, for example, in the bottom of a well to ensure water purity."
"ui_codex_cont_platner","The medieval armour-smith fashioned armour from metal plates or sheets – the cuirass, various pieces for the legs and arms, helmets and gauntlets. Specialists in chainmail armour were called byrniers, and an ironclad would need both types of armour - the chainmail went underneath, the plate armour on top. A common soldier would have only partial armour (the breastplate, helmet and gauntlets) - a complete suit of armour was beyond his means. Ornate or tailor-made armour was the prerogative of the rich nobility. Plate armour-smiths were assisted by polishers, who polished or buffed up the armour. "
"ui_codex_cont_pohanstvi","Pagan ways survived in Bohemia even after the adoption of Christianity, mainly in the form of the folk traditions and customs. These contained elements from the cultures of the Celts, Germans and Slavs, the respective influences intermingling over time and becoming more and more adapted to Christianity. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Some customs kept their original form, e.g. folk superstitions and rhymes. Others gave way to Church pressure completely. Paganism in the Slavic countries survived in motifs adorning jewellery and objects, in folk medicine and in the form of holidays – the winter and summer Solstices, the Mardi Gras, Easter, Walpurgis Night, Midsummer Night, All-Souls’, Advent and Christmas; all were modelled on original pagan celebrations, but were renamed under Christianity and modified in content. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_pohreb","Records of burials are as old as mankind itself, but Christianity radically changed all the customs around interment, and linked death inextricably with religious rituals and blessings. Before one’s death, one had to be absolved of sins (by confession and penance) and receive the Last Rites, and where there was imminent likelihood of death (e.g. when going off to do battle) Extreme Unction was given ‘just in case’. <br/> &nbsp; <br/>
One’s final resting place was also of importance. The best places were deemed to be inside a church (in the walls or under the floor), followed by closest proximity – hence cemeteries sprang up right next to churches, often in the very centre of the village. The cemetery (hallowed ground) became an integral part of towns and villages and a regular meeting place for people, where they even traded and closed contracts. There was no sense of bereavement as we know it today – the dead and the living coexisted side by side. Only suicides, criminals, the sick, heretics, executioners, unidentified strangers and unbaptised children were buried outside the cemetery, in unhallowed ground. During plague epidemics and wars, the customary funerals were done away with, temporarily, with a frequent need for mass graves. In later centuries, for reasons of hygiene and contamination of underground water, most of the old cemeteries were abolished, even involving exhumation and reinterring outside of town. <br/> &nbsp; <br/>
It was common for those facing death to make at least an oral will, and also to forfeit some of their assets, if they had any, to the Church for ‘facilitating’ their passage to the next world. <br/> &nbsp; <br/>
Burial of commoners was conducted in simple wooden boxes or sacks, with the deceased being wrapped in a shroud. Funerals of the wealthy and ruling classes were a different matter entirely; these were costly, ostentatious ceremonies with all attendant pomp and circumstance. (Royal funerals were attended by thousands of people). Wealthy families had their final resting places (in the church or crypt) marked by tombstones, while the custom of the mausoleum came later. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_posazavi","The extent of the KCD game world corresponds roughly to an area in south-eastern Bohemia around Sasau River, in which many historical heritage sites are located. The most notable include Sasau Monastery and the castles in Bohemian Sternberg, Rataje (Rattay) and Skalice (Skalitz - of which only a few stones can be found today).
<br/>&nbsp;</br/>According to some estimates, silver mining began around Skalitz in the 12th century - at the same time the nearby Church of St. James the Greater was being built. Another theory posits that the mining in the area began at the end of the 13th century at the behest of the Sasau Monastery. The people called the area ""St. Procopius' Mountain"" or ""Silver Skalitz"". The town's coat of arms depicts a miner in traditional dress, working a rock face with two hammers.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The area adjacent to the river long belonged to Sasau Monastery. After the death of Wenceslas IV, during the Hussite wars (1419–1434), the Hussites razed the monastery, and temporarily brought a halt to mining operations. It was not until the 18th century that reigning Austrian Empress Maria Theresa promoted the town to a free mining township called ""Skalitz of the Silver Mountains"". The Empress also granted four mines to the miners, where they could mine silver solely for the benefit of the city. The wealth from the other three mines went to the monarch.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the 19th century, the mines were completely abandoned and mining ceased. Today the mine shafts serve as channels for municipal drinking water. Two mines have been reinforced to serve as air raid shelters. The rest of the mine has been filled in. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_postaveni_zen","In the medieval, purely patriarchal society, the man was the head of the family, with the roles of women determined by their relationship to him – daughter, sister, wife, mother or widow. Girls had a short childhood, according to municipal documents reaching the age of majority between 12 and 15 years of age. Boys, in terms of territorial law, became grown-ups at 15. Men spent most of their time at their craft, trading or swordsmanship, depending on their station in life, while women attended to housework and family. Only a widow could obtain permission to conduct trade or a craft activity, with the help of journeymen, of course. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Village women did not leave their homes very much or wander the vicinity needlessly. Some rules about venturing out were dictated by social class. While townswomen and noblewomen could venture beyond the home only when accompanied by their spouse or servants, the wives of artisans, merchants and peasants could walk about unaccompanied. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The domestic activities of well-to-do women included embroidery, cleaning, childcare, shopping and playing musical instruments. Village women spent their time working in the fields or pastures, bee-keeping, weaving, spinning, preparing food, knitting and sewing. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
During the high Middle Ages the ideal of beauty was a thin, pale woman with long blonde hair, small rounded breasts, relatively narrow hips and a narrow waist. The most important thing was, of course, health and fertility. A woman in the Middle Ages would from the beginning of sexual maturity be pregnant virtually every year – it was not unusual for one to be a mother three or four times over by the age of twenty. Births were complicated and after-care inadequate, so the risk of death in childbirth was great. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> 
Girls were afforded less attention than boys, but when it came to honour, the contrary applied. Old maids, seduced daughters and unmarried mothers brought the family shame. While boys inherited the livelihood, the parents of girls had to accumulate a dowry with which to 'compensate' the bridegroom. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_pozdravy","The basic form of greeting was bowing, with numerous variations depending on the occasion and the mutual status of the participants. A light bow with the hand on the heart would befit two noblemen of equal rank. A deeper bow was a more respectful greeting (to a guest or someone of higher standing). The next level was to kneel on the left knee and bow the head in deference to rulers, barons or high ranking commanders and it expressed allegiance. The person would have to remain in this position until invited by the superior to rise. The most subordinate level was to bow while down on both knees – an expression of complete subjugation, often combined with a plea (typically for mercy). <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Doffing headwear was a practice that came in with ‘Burgundian fashion’ in the 15th century. Loyalty was expressed by kissing the rings of magnates and prelates. It was not proper to kiss the hands of ladies, but they were given a deeper bow than their social rank alone would elicit. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Particular forms of salutation also applied when addressing a certain person (e.g. in writing): for example, a townsman was to be addressed as ‘Honest’, a Baronet as ‘Esteemed’ and a titular Lord as ‘Highborn’. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the countryside, people greeted each other according to their nature, often mentioning in the greeting wishes of good health, prosperity and God’s blessing, or making reference to Christian tradition (‘God bless', 'Christ be praised' etc.)
"
"ui_codex_cont_ppraviste","Execution places were situated on hilltops, at crossroads and out of town, as they were considered unclean. These were deserted places that everyone avoided; no craftsman would work nearby for fear of losing his reputation. The only one to be seen thereabouts was the executioner, who often lived near the site. Common folk would approach the gallows or execution place for the sole purpose of witnessing an execution. Executions became popular folk entertainment, often with the whole town gathering to watch. But sentencing to capital punishment was a right granted only to selected towns, and by no means all of them had their own executioner."
"ui_codex_cont_pranyr","The pillory would be located in the middle of the square, and it was here that the lesser punishments were meted out, for transgressions such as perjury, slander or various frauds. It was typically a wooden or stone pillar to which the convicted were tied by a chain for a specific time (hours or even days). They were then punished by the whole community – being spat on, insulted, mocked and pelted randomly on a daily basis. "
"ui_codex_cont_praporce_korouhve","In the heat of a medieval battle, where most of the combatants had the same or similar equipment, the pennant or banner was often the only sign differentiating friend from foe. Pennants also helped lift morale and to organize the various units during troop movements. Around 1400, pennants and banners took the shape of extended triangles, upright rectangles and squares. Flags were fashioned from coloured canvas or silk and the depictions or emblems were painted onto them, most often the coats of arms of the respective feudal lords. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Cavalry carried small pennants on their spears and craftsmen who were members of the guilds also had their own banners. The guild banner was emblematic of the profession and was shown at public ceremonies and at military and other ostentatious events. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The banner of the Czech lands dates back to the 13th century and depicts ‘gules, a lion rampant queue forchée argent’ i.e. a two-tailed silver lion raised on its hind legs, on a red background. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> 
"
"ui_codex_cont_priest","The priests were among the elite in medieval society, and among the few who had any education. Village priests were less educated than those of the larger parishes. They could barely read or write, had no library, and learned the liturgy by heart. They were none too well-off, typically working in the fields or raising livestock, like lay farmers. They were not celibate, enjoyed folk entertainment and games, dancing and going to the tavern. As time went on, looser morals and educational decline spread to the towns and monasteries. By contrast, the priests in the larger parishes and towns owned more property, and with the exception of service to God, did not have to resort to any manual work. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>

The duties of the priest encompassed preparation and serving of mass, hearing confessions, taking care of the church (its operation and decoration), visiting the poor and the sick, arranging charity collections, collecting dues, conducting baptisms, weddings, last rites and funerals.
"
"ui_codex_cont_prijmy_davky","Towns and cities always had to look after their budgets, so they collected taxes, customs duties, tolls and ‘ungelt’ goods tariffs. The most common form of tax was paid twice a year, in an amount dependent on the assets of each respective citizen. Another source of civic revenue money were monies made by the City Council or the City Court for the making of contracts, documents, records, and other ongoing activities. Fees and taxes were paid by the city residents based on their business, levied on products sold or services provided. The treasury also collected money for interest payments, fines, building funds, loans and various forms of letting and rentals to serfs. Written records were maintained of all revenues. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The City Council paid out some of the money for the purchase of real estate, paid the nobility for defence and security, invested in schools, civic cultural development, churches, administration and the salaries of city officials, construction, operation and maintenance and the upkeep of municipal buildings. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_prostituce","In Bohemia, the brothel was called a “hampejz”, ‘whorehouse’ or ‘house of shame’, but not a ‘brothel’ as such. Prostitutes were simply ‘whores’. The profession encompassed several categories. The most deprived prostitutes were homeless women who provided ‘services’ in the streets. Others visited their customers in their homes disguised as bread sellers, yet others were available to noble and royal courts. Then were those who proffered their services in brothels of various price categories, whose clients were townsmen, officials and nobles (or conversely, the most menial clientèle, in the most down-market establishments). Brothels were run not only by townspeople, but even by the spiritual leaders or prelates (for example, the Parish Priest of the Church of St Giles under Vyšehrad). Often a brothel was directly connected to the bathhouse. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
During the Hussite wars, many brothels were abolished, but boomed again soon afterwards. Their legalization was also helped by the Church of Rome, which considered prostitution a lesser evil than adultery. It speaks volumes that prostitutes accounted for almost 10% of the population of Papal Rome. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
There were numerous regulations and laws governing brothels and the ‘oldest profession’, and even a special tax. There were even laws covering considerate treatment of prostitutes and protecting them from violence.
"
"ui_codex_cont_rada_rychtar","At the head of the town was the Bailiff appointed by the monarch (the role was hereditary), and the City Council, consisting of aldermen (councillors). The Council was chaired by the Bürgermeister or Subcamerarious (Deputy Chamberlain). The aldermen were mostly wealthy townspeople and their tenure in the function varied with the status of the town, whether royal, signorial or free <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Council decided on the most important topics relating to the town and its inhabitants. Court hearings, conferences, dossiers, deeds of sale or donations of property, registers, contracts and other documents were written up and kept at the Town Hall. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_radzig","[? - 1416]<br/>Racek (in KCD Radzig) Kobyla was a Bohemian yeoman, the Royal Hetman of Wenceslas IV and, between 1410 and 1415, Burgrave of Vyšehrad. In 1403 he resided at the castle in Silber Skalitz (Stříbrná Skalice) where he oversaw the mining of silver. The king was known for his generosity to lower nobles who received high titles for their loyalty. Racek Kobyla was apparently one of these and probably the king's friend. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In 1403 Skalitz was besieged and burned to the ground by King Sigismund and his Cuman army. For his service and loyalty King Wenceslas IV permitted Racek to build his own castle at Veselí nad Sázavou. Standing on this site today is Chateau Komorní Hrádek. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
He was killed in 1416 in a tavern in Kutná Hora by a mob of miners, incited by preachers a year after the burning of Jan Hus. ""They seized them in the inn where they were staying, cut their bodies into pieces and threw them out onto the street, where the mob vigorously stomped on their remains and then went in merry song to the home of the preacher to be praised for the act they had been encouraged to commit.“  This occurred when Racek was there to collect taxes for the king, which is odd because six years earlier he had apparently been a robber knight and soldiers had been dispatched against him as a scourge of the land. Sources are not clear as to why he was later rehabilitated for ""services to the king"". 
"
"ui_codex_cont_rataje","Rataje (Rattay) was a small market-town with two castles – the upper castle, known simply as Rattay Castle; and the lower castle, known as Pirkstein or Pirkenstein (Pirkštejn, Pirkenštejn). The oldest written record of Rattay dates back to the 13th century when it was the property of Přibyslav of Rattay (mentioned in records in 1263 and 1289). At about the same time, ownership of Rattay passed to Burgrave Hroznata of Úžice, whose sons held several other castles and villages in the surrounding area.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>In 1293, King Wenceslas II gave Rattay to Bishop Tobias (Tobiáš) of Bechyně. Then it became the property of Burgrave Hynek of Dubá (Dauba) who was the heir to the house of the Lords of Leipa (Lipá). Rattay experienced its greatest renown and prosperity under the administration of Henry of Leipa (died 1329), his sons and grandchildren. His son John (died 1338) was the most politically active. The town was also governed by Henry’s relatives, the Lords of Pirkstein, Ješek and Hanuš. Under their administration, the two castles were built, as were the churches, and the village was given strong fortifications.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Pirkstein]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The lower castle in Rattay, founded by Henry of Leipa before the mid-14th century (first mention dates from 1346), spreads over an island in the middle of the Živý Stream. The castle is separated from the town by a moat. This is a bergfried type castle with a massive tower, rounded corners in the rear and three rooms on each floor. The entire structure is surrounded by ramparts. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In 1447 the castle unfortunately caught fire and then quickly changed owners. It suffered even greater damage during the peasant uprising in 1627. One hundred years later, from 1713–1724, it was rebuilt by Octavian Kinský into a presbytery and bell tower.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Upper Castle]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The upper castle was built at the same time as the lower castle in the mid-14th century. It also burned in the same year as Pirkstein (1447). In the 16th century it was rebuilt into a Renaissance chateau and in 1672 renovated in the Baroque style. Today it houses the local Town Hall.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[St. Matthew's Church]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The lower Rattay church was built in the 1360s at the instigation of Jan Ješek Ptáček of Pirkstein and his wife Anna.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The first church was probably a single-nave design and served as a parish church along with the Church of St. Nicholas, which no longer exists. From 1675–1691 it was demolished and rebuilt in the Baroque style according to plans by Ondřej de Guarde. It has survived in this form to the present day with just a few minor changes. The only remnants of the original church are the tombs of the estate owners, for example a tombstone with the coat of arms of the Lords of Leipa mounted into the cemetery wall, and the base of the baptismal font from 1421. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[St. Nicholas' Church]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Probably the older of the two churches within the castle walls. The first mention dates from 1343. It was located in the upper part of Rattay before the upper wall and partially served as a presbytery. From 1336 the Korečník Mill also belonged to the Rattay presbytery."
"ui_codex_cont_rod_hronovcu","One of the oldest and most notable of Czech aristocratic dynasties. The family expanded into numerous branches over generations, such as the Lords of Dauba, Berka, the Lichtenburgs, Krzinetz of Ronow and so on. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the family split into the Lords of Leipa, the Lichtenburgs, the Lords of Dauba, the Lords of Klingenstein and more. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The oldest known member of the dynasty was the late-12th century Smil Světlík of Tuháň. His descendants carried high office at the Royal Court, thus acquiring considerable tracts of land, from which they acquired the family name (from Ronow in the Žitava region, in the Neisse River valley in present-day Poland). Ronow Castle of the same name south of Česká Lípa was built only at the end of the 14th century. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> The Ronow family is represented by one of the KCD characters – Hanush of Leipa (Hanuš z Lipé). 
"
"ui_codex_cont_rovna","The village of Rovna lies close to Stříbrná Skalice (Silver Skalitz). Around 1150 a Romanesque church with a presbytery and cemetery were built there by monks from Sasau Monastery. The church was consecrated to the oldest patron of miners, St. James the Greater. The Romanesque frescoes are its most notable decorative element, painted in two stages, in the mid-12th century and roughly 100 years later.   "
"ui_codex_cont_ruprecht","[5.5.1352 – 18.3.1410]<br/>Rupert III Wittelsbach of the Palatinate, the son of Rupert II, was an Imperial prince-elector. Together with three other prince-electors deposed Wenceslas IV from the Roman throne in 1400, subsequently ensuring that he was himself elected and crowned King of the Romans (Rex Romanorum).<br/>&nbsp;<br/>"
"ui_codex_cont_rychta","The Rathaus is the seat of the Bailiff and the Council. Originally it was an ordinary town house, gradually transforming into the local government office or Town Hall. In Bohemia the first Town Hall was established at the end of the 14th century. The buildings were usually of masonry, at least in the lower floors, many rooms having vaulted ceilings. The ground floor of the municipal building hosted shops, a tavern, the site of the public scales, a sentry room and an armoury. The room housing the public scales (which set the standard for all other scales in shops) had a cubit length measure set in the wall and samples of other small measures and weights, which were universally valid throughout the town’s administrative domain. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
On the first floor of the Town Hall was the Council Hall, the chapel (in an oriel), the scribe’s study and residential chambers. The upper floors served as a granary or warehouse. In the cellar there was a jail and a goods store. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Council Hall hosted the meetings of the City Council and its armoires contained documents, deeds, charters and privileges and the town archive. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In KCD there is only one example of a Town Hall, on the square in Rattay.
"
"ui_codex_cont_rytirsky_vycvik","The physical training of a boy to become a knight began before he was 7 years old. He had to know how to run, jump and climb well, and also to be able to swim. He strengthened his arms by throwing hefty rocks. Over the years boys had to become proficient in spear throwing, archery, unarmed wrestling, horsemanship, parrying with a shield and attacking. Their training also encompassed joining the hunt. The seven knightly skills according to the classical tradition were horse-riding, swimming, archery, fighting with sword and unarmed, hunting, as well as playing chess and composing poetry.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Similarly, burghers practised combat with different types of weapons, which came into its own especially in town defence. The towns more than anywhere else spawned sword-fighting and archery fellowships, where swordplay would be taught, initially according to the so-called German school (Deutsche Fechtschule), later in the Renaissance dominated by the Italian and Spanish schools. Shooting fellowships were devoted to archery with bows and crossbows, and with the development of gunpowder firearms came into play. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_samopse","Samopše (Samopesh) is a small village in the Sasau region not far from Rattay, first mentioned in 1397. Together with two nearby mills (Bilin, called also Bart’s and Budin Mill), it belonged to the Sasau Monastery until 1412 and was renowned as a centre of agriculture and for an ancient species of wheat locally known as ""samopše-špalta"" (Samopesh-spelt), from which the village derives its name."
"ui_codex_cont_sazava","Sasau Monastery is situated on a cliff above one of the many meanders of Sasau River, which isolates it on various sides. Its origins date back to the first half of the 11th century, when it was founded by Duke Oldřich at the instigation of the monk Procopius. Saint Procopius (canonised in 1204) became renowned particularly for wanting to preserve the Old Church Slavonic religious rites in the monastery, rather than adopting the Latin liturgy. According to the oldest document mentioning the construction and development of Sasau Monastery, “Vita Maior: the 11th Century Legend of Saint Procopius”, the saint initially lived in a cave before building a church consecrated to the Virgin Mary and Saint John the Baptist.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The monastery of the Slavonic brothers imitated the design of the Abbey of St. Gall in Switzerland. The main building in the complex was the church with an adjoining wooded cloister. The original dwelling of the abbot was located on the western side of the courtyard, below the presbytery. The monastery garden is situated in the northern part of the grounds. Here remnants of the first Sasau stone church, consecrated in 1070 to the Holy Cross, have been unearthed. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
After the expulsion of the Old Church Slavonic monks from Sasau, the monastery was taken over by Latinist monks from Břevnov. Abbot Děthart continued with the rebuilding works, completing a simple, single-nave church in his lifetime. From the mid-12th century onwards, work resumed on the original plans and the abbey church was reconstructed into a massive, ornamented, three-nave basilica. The oldest, simple wooden edifices from the beginnings of the monastery included the cloister (monks’ quarters), the prelature (abbot’s quarters) and the infirmary (hospital for monks). The cloister around the elysian courtyard consisted of a quadrangle hallway with window openings, the monks’ dormitory, the chapter house, the study, the refectory (dining hall) and kitchen.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

"
"ui_codex_cont_sazava_m","Originally, Sasau (Sázava) was a settlement on the left bank of the eponymous river, opposite the monastery. For over a hundred years the town was the property of the Benedictine monastery. Houses were centred around the Church of St. Martin and along the road to Prague and Kouřim.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
During the Hussite Wars, the monastery and its surroundings fell into the hands of the Hussites, at which time the preacher gave sermons in the Czech language. Building work ceased from then until the mid-17th century, but the monastery survived. For more than 200 years, after the monks were expelled, the monastery lands belonged to the local aristocracy.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[St. Martin's Church]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The parish Church of St. Martin was founded on the left bank of the Sasau River in the middle of a small town in the 14th century. It is a single-nave structure with a chancel, a steeple on the north side and a chapel on the south. The entire complex is enclosed by a high graveyard wall that has survived to this day, although the church building itself has been altered completely, but for the original windows in the steeple.  
"
"ui_codex_cont_scribe","His main activity was to keep records of the Territorial Court and the meetings of the City Council. He was one of the few in medieval society who knew how to read and write, making his services welcome in almost every city."
"ui_codex_cont_sedlak","Medieval villages comprised some 90% of the populace, the majority occupied with agriculture and livestock farming. Even though farmers were freemen and had always owned their homesteads, the land beneath it was on lease from the monarch, or rather from the nobleman who had obtained it from the King in fiefdom. They would pay a portion of their annual earnings in rent – whether in cash, honey, wheat or other crops. 
Sometimes they were also required to labour for the nobility, i.e. to work unpaid on farmlands belonging to the liege Lord. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Territorial Diets (councils) of the 15th and 16th centuries decreed that the common country folk could not bear arms or engage in hunting. With special permission from the liege Lord, they were allowed to hunt hares or small birds.
"
"ui_codex_cont_shepard","A herder’s job depended on the weather, most commonly starting in April and ending in the autumn. They took the entrusted herd or flock (it was rarely their own, more commonly they were hired to supervise the grazing of others’ livestock for a fee) from pasture to pasture, sleeping in rudimentary huts or shelters. Over the summer they stayed out in the pastures, returning to the village when the first frosts set in. Life far away from other people forced the herders to become adept at healing themselves and their animals, so when there was no apothecary to hand, folk would turn to the shepherd. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_schizma","The Papal Schism or Western Schism was a rift in the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages during which there were two Papacies existing simultaneously, one in Rome and the other in Avignon, France. It began in 1378, the year after Pope Gregory XI brought the Papal Court back to Rome from Avignon, where it had resided for almost 70 years due to hostilities between the Roman Papacy and the Kingdom of France. When Gregory died, the Neapolitan Bartolomeo Prignano was elected Pope with the name Urban VI (1378-1389). He, however, quarrelled with the very College of Cardinals that had elected him. They therefore declared his election void and elected a new, second Pontiff, Pope Clement VII (1378-1404), who re-established the Papal Court in Avignon and was recognized by Scotland, Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Portugal.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Siding with Pope Urban VI in Rome were Italy, Germany, Bohemia, England and Ireland, Flanders, Poland and Hungary.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Schism continued even after the death of the original rival Popes with the election of Boniface IX in Rome (1389-1404) and Benedict XIII in Avignon (1394-1423). The Popes in Avignon were called Antipopes. At this time European efforts to restore the unity of the Roman Catholic Church were growing. Unfortunately, neither the Council nor the Popes themselves were able to reconcile, as neither side was willing to budge from their demands. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In 1409 the dispute escalated to the point that the Cardinals declared both Popes invalid and elected a third, the Antipope John XXIII (1410-1415). None of the Popes submitted to being dethroned, however. The conflict embroiled the rulers of the various countries involved, among others Sigismund of Luxembourg, who took the side of John XXIII. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Council of Constance was convened on November 5th, 1414 to resolve the issue. The Council secured the resignations of Antipope John XXIII and the Roman Pope Gregory XII, and in 1417 elected a new Pope, Martin V (1417-1431), based in Rome. This essentially brought an end to the Schism, although there were subsequently two more Antipopes who continued to be supported by a minority, Benedict XIV and Clement VIII, who resigned in 1429, leaving Martin V once again the sole Pontiff.
"
"ui_codex_cont_skalice","Little is known about the war in 1402 to 1403, when Sigismund invaded Bohemia and tried to seize power, and the records that do exist are fairly vague. However, we do know the fate of Skalice (Silberskalitz, Silver Skalitz) which was burned to the ground on 23 March, 1403. We know the exact date because a document was preserved that Sigismund signed that day in the siege camp.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Sigismund undoubtedly choose Skalitz because silver was mined here and the town was administered by the Royal Hetman, Racek Kobyla, a supporter of the king. Sigismund apparently wanted to disrupt the flow of money going to the Wenceslas.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
According to legend, Kobyla and his people, who were hiding from the attackers in the castle, were able to escape because of a great storm that blew up and forced the besieging army to wait until morning to take the castle. The castle defenders took advantage of the opportunity and under the cover of darkness fled to nearby Rattay. In the morning, the only thing Sigismund's men found in the empty castle was a goat (this is also in the game). Sigismund then razed the town and the castle to the ground and the castle was never rebuilt. Today, only the foundations remain.
"
"ui_codex_cont_skoly","School-based tuition developed only at the end of 11th century, mainly in the monasteries and churches. Basic instruction, held in Latin, encompassed the seven liberal arts: the trivium – grammar, Latin, rhetoric, dialectic – and the quadrivium – mathematics, geometry, astronomy, and church music. During the high Middle Ages there were two-tier Latin schools for boys – girls were only very rarely educated. Indeed, education in general did not carry the weight it does today; most noblemen and wealthy burghers were illiterate, hiring scribes and scriveners as needed. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Later on the towns came to host centres of secular education, with the ultimate flowering thereof being the establishment in 1348 of an international format university in Prague by Emperor Charles IV.
"
"ui_codex_cont_smirci_kriz","Conciliation crosses, or merely stones with a cross engraved into the surface, were erected in places where tragic events or important historical events in the life of the community or the country had occurred; they were closely linked to criminal law – a symbol of admission of guilt and a plea for forgiveness. The conciliation cross embodied repentance by the perpetrator of a crime, built at the culprit’s expense. In addition, conciliation crosses marked the boundaries of estates and municipalities."
"ui_codex_cont_spitaly","Since ancient times, there were people studying medicine and trying to provide assistance to their fellows in the fight against disease and pain. The oldest medical practices have been preserved as documents in monasteries, which were the earliest centres of medieval medicine. The Benedictines were the foremost healing-oriented order. Unlike the town physicians, they provided care free of charge. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the 11th century, hospitals underwent noticeable development, particularly thanks to the knightly orders devoted to charity, and the building of hospitals and hospices for pilgrims. Care for the sick was entrusted exclusively to men; women and nuns were forbidden from helping out in the infirmaries by the Church Council. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The treatment of wounds mostly consisted of disinfection by means of a hot iron, flushing with water or applying various ointments and balms. Bandages were of linen or canvas cloth. Open wounds and inflammations were treated with herbal poultices. Soldiers often had to be able to help themselves, because the field ambulances were unable to follow on behind the military encampments fast enough. The wounded frequently failed to survive being carted around for several days in open wagons.
"
"ui_codex_cont_stonemason","Stone masons were engaged in the quarrying and dressing of stone. Their activities included quarrying stone blocks from the rock-face, splitting them into smaller pieces, grinding, cutting, polishing and dressing them to make building blocks or vault elements. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The first mention of an organized stonemasons' guild in Bohemia dates from the 14th century. The patron saints of quarriers and stonemasons are St Roch and St Joseph, and in places also St Barbara and St Procopius. Stone-working found application mainly in the construction industry. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/> [Mason’s Mark]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The mason’s mark was a graphic symbol, though not the maker’s signature, on the surface of a finished stone piece. The number of finished and marked pieces determined the payment due. Each mason either attained his mark, or had it allocated to him at a particular point in his apprenticeship, and then kept it for life. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_stribskalice","There was probably a settlement in the area where Skalice (Skalitz) lies today as early as the 13th century, though there is no mention of the castle until 1361. The development of the town was prompted by silver mining in the area as well as the existence of the nearby parish of Rovná (Rovna).<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

The owners of the castle included Ješek of Skalitz (from 1384) and Bohdal of Drahonice (1402-1403). Wenceslas IV took possession of it in 1403 and placed it under the governance of the knight Sir Racek (Radzig) Kobyla. Later the very same year, though, Kobyla was forced to flee the castle to protect the inhabitants of Skalitz from King Sigismund's invading army, which torched the castle and the adjoining village; the estate was never renewed thereafter. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>

In December of 1403, Wenceslas IV granted the remains of the village to Jan Sokol of Lamberg (Lamberk). The ruin of the medieval castle and its fortifications was scavenged for building material for the Church of St. John of Nepomuk in 1730. Today only minor remnants of the gatehouse wall, the zwinger and the perimeter walls remain.
"
"ui_codex_cont_svatovaclavska","After the coronation of Charles IV as King of Bohemia, a new and singular ceremonial jewel was fashioned – the Crown of Saint Wenceslas. It was made from the old Přemyslid Crown and the monarch himself dedicated it to St Wenceslas. No Czech King was ever allowed to wear it, but could borrow it for his coronation, for a fee. The crown is of pure gold with gemstones and pearls, kept in a strongroom with seven locks above the chapel of St Wenceslas in Prague Cathedral. The keys are held by the leaders of the Czech State: the President, the Prime Minister, the Archbishop of Prague etc. There is a legend that if the Crown is worn on the head of anyone other than the rightful Czech King, the wearer will soon die. It is reported that the during WWII the Nazi Reichsprotector for Bohemia and Moravia, Reinhard Heidrich, put it on – and died shortly afterwards at the hands of assassins. The story is probably apocryphal, but certainly interesting."
"ui_codex_cont_swordsmith","Swordsmiths were originally blacksmith-cutlers specializing in blades for swords, knives, daggers and other hand-held side-arms. In the 14th century, the making of armour began to specialize and separate out from the blacksmith’s craft. Specialist professions came into being – armourers, plate-smiths and bascineteers, who not only produced, but also sold their wares. As regards the weapons, there were new specialized professions – the swordsmith, bladesmith, fletcher, arrowsmith, and in later centuries the gunsmith, bowyer or shieldsmith, making wooden and metal shields. The price of a complete suit of armour was very high, affordable only to wealthy noblemen. Those who could not afford a complete suit of armour would have only partial metal armour and would rely on their agility for protection in combat."
"ui_codex_cont_taboreni","In the Middle Ages, countries were constantly being crossed by marauding groups of soldiers, brigands and guardsmen in groups of various sizes, or lone combatants, who often changed their place of abode. They lived in makeshift huts, shelters or tents around a central fire. Some stayed at one camp for several days, others set up camp only for one night and moved on again next day. One important factor in their choice of campsite was the ready availability of water, food, animal fodder and firewood. Very rarely they camped in villages or by a castle or in its vicinity. This was reserved for overnighting by the nobility and their entourage. During wartime or while on the run, they would sleep in the open, since there was no time to raise or break down tents. The noblemen’s armies also camped at sites where provincial militias were gradually gathering, or while awaiting the arrival of reinforcements or allies. The longest-lasting (sometimes up to several months) were encampments for laying siege to strongholds or those on riverbanks, waiting to engage with enemy forces on the other side. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Tents were intentionally erected close together for security (mimicking battlements). The largest tent in the centre of the camp belonged to the commander, nearby tents housed nobles and high-ranking soldiers, surrounded by simple shelters and huts for the ordinary soldiers and their horses. There was no need to camp together in one place, and an army could make camp across several locations. In the larger camps there would be a field chapel, an infirmary to care for the wounded, and sometimes even a makeshift brothel. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Simple tents in the early Middle Ages took the shape of a capital ‘A’, with a square base and a distinctive central pole mounted on two upright stands. The tent canvas was most often made from flax or hemp, undyed for ordinary soldiers, but variously coloured and decorated for the commanders. The men slept on the ground on mats, skins, pelts, but the nobility and churchmen would have travel beds. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>

Long-term camping was challenging logistically, supplies always being the responsibility of the administrator of the nearest affiliated township. If the army was on hostile territory, it would send out provisioning detachments to procure food and fuel. When supplies ran short, it was time to move on to another location or give up the campaign. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The worst occurrence was an outbreak of any epidemic in the camp, since hygiene was difficult to maintain. While waiting for developments, there would also be quarrels, duels and fights, which could escalate into a bigger conflict and significantly compromise the army. Disputes therefore had to be judged and if necessary severe punishments meted out. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_tailor","Until the 13th century, the tanners sold their wares for processing to suturers and cobblers. Cloth was made by weavers, but traded by drapers, who also often cut and sold it by the cubit - the length of the forearm. Only later, during the high Middle Ages, did tailors sew cut pieces into garments. Simple garments were sewn by women themselves for their families. It was an issue to make sure the garments were well-sewn, since they were inherited and would often last for decades, with minor repairs.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
By the beginning of the 14th century, people in larger cities were paying ever more heed to fashion. A tailor would begin to specialize in only one kind of garment, hence we find coatmakers, hosiers, hoodmakers, gantiers, hatters and capemakers, and those who did alterations and repairs to old clothes. In a town the size of Rattay, the tailor had to turn his hand to general-purpose work.
"
"ui_codex_cont_talmberk","This castle was built on a rocky promontory at the beginning of the 14th century either by Ernst (Arnošt) of Kaunitz, or Hroznata of Uzhitz. For more than two hundred years the castle was the seat of the Lords of Uzhitz, who were later renamed after their residence - the Lords of Talmberg. In 1390, the castle came into the possession of Divish (Diviš) of Talmberg. The same year, it was seized by Havel Medek of Valdek, who took Divish prisoner. Medek did not release Divish until 1397, when he was forced to do so by a decision of the provincial court. Only a ruin now remains of the castle in the midst of residential development."
"ui_codex_cont_tanner","The tanner was a craftsman who prepared and treated animal skins, after which he passed them on to cobblers, saddlers or other craftsmen for making footwear, garments, bags, wineskins etc.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
It was not a pleasant job, because the skin had to be quickly scraped of its fat and conserved to stop it going off, which was done by immersing in urine. In view of the unsavoury smells produced by their trade, tanners settled on the outskirts of towns and belonged to the same reviled group as executioners, knackers and prostitutes.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
To turn hide into a material for making shoes or clothing, after removal from the animal it must first be thoroughly soaked in water. Once softened, it is fleshed - the residual gore and membranes are scraped off, with a long dull paring knife. In order to rid the hide of fur, it had to be soaked in limewater or rubbed with slaked lime, then scudded. It was then tanned using alum (by a Currier), with fishoil (by the Chamoisier) or with tannins (dealt with by the Tanner) from oak, beech or other tree bark. During this whole lengthy process the hide softened, was stopped from decomposing and optionally turned a different colour. At the end of the process, the hides were submerged for a few weeks in vats or pits full of urine. The leather thus produced was then dried and could be surface treated, painted or polished.
"
"ui_codex_cont_textil","Fabrics were made from plant and animal fibres. Bast fibres especially were used from the very beginning (from willow and linden trees) as well as various grasses. Later on, particular plants were selectively cultivated to be particularly suitable for cloth production, such as flax or hemp. Hemp fibre is tough, rougher and darker than flax, but unyielding; hence not too suitable for clothing and better utilized for ropes and strings. Cotton was unknown in Europe until the late Middle Ages. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most widely used animal fibre was wool, for its good insulation properties, high absorbency, flexibility and ease of dying. It was combed or shorn from sheep. 
A highly prized and rare import from Asia was silk. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_towns","In the Middle Ages, the merchant settlements and villages on major trade routes or around castles became the first towns. They were founded by specialized businessmen, called ‘locators’ (allocators) Their task was to seek out settlers, to prepare and apportion the land and to build a community. The ruler set down the rights and obligations concerning the locators and settlers, e.g. the level and method of collecting taxes and benefits, town privilege rules of self-government (capital justice rights), trading (market rights and 'one-mile right' - extending to one mile beyond the town walls) and brewing and handling beer (brewing rights). Newly established settlements and cities were often exempt from taxes for a certain period (hence many Czech villages are called ‘Lhota’, or ‘grace-period’). <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Towns were of different types; royal, seigneurial, mining and dowry (which belonged to the Queen). Seigneurial towns were divided into ecclesiastical, secular (feudal) and those of the Royal Chamber. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Apart from the feudal settlements, towns were mostly rectangular in layout with streets perpendicular to a central square featuring a Rathaus (town hall), market and a church. Until the 14th century, the main streets and squares of the largest towns remained unpaved (uncobbled). Waste was emptied directly into the street or thrown into waste pits dug around the houses, despite the fact that sanitation had existed since antiquity. Gutters of rammed earth carried sewage and rainwater alongside the streets and an unpleasant smell remained hovering over the town. Settlements were surrounded by wooden palisades, and from the second half of the 13th century, there had to be at least two gates through it. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In KCD we reconstructed the towns based on a range of medieval designs, mostly larger and wealthier than they were in reality.
"
"ui_codex_cont_trebuchet","The Trebuchet is a siege weapon used to break up enemy formations or to smash gates and battlement walls. Although it resembles a catapult, its mechanism is different. The main contraption is a leverage mechanism with a counterweight on one side and a projectile sling on the other. The counterweight sets the entire arm in motion and the projectile (most often a dressed stone) flies up to several hundred metres along its ballistic trajectory. Apart from stones, the payload could be burning bales of straw, dead bodies or barrels of faeces. The disadvantage of the weapon was how demanding and time-consuming it was to load."
"ui_codex_cont_trh_obchod","Merchants were of two types – settled (permanent) and  travelling (occasional). The settled traders had permanent shops in towns and villages, while travelling merchants only brought their wares to the markets. Markets (held once a week) and fairs (held twice a year) also offered wares by local shopkeepers, visitors and pedlars or hawkers – street vendors without a fixed site. Shopkeepers had their permanent shops on the square, merchants ran small shops and had the right to retail products they bought from artisans. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Village folk got their supplies from neighbouring craftspeople, in the local tavern or from a merchant who brought supplies from larger townships. At the markets, goods from the village would be exchanged for goods produced and available in the town. The terms of trade were set by the ruler, for example that only local merchants in sworn possession of freedom of the city rights could sell their goods freely. Only the traders from large cities would venture abroad. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Many regulations and detailed rules governed trade. If it were found that a merchant was dishonest and, for example, gave short weight, he was severely punished. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_trojilid","A notion of an ideal social order that was prevalent primarily in the 10th to 13th centuries. The basic principle of this system was that each person had a God-given place in the world that contributed to the welfare of mankind as a whole, thus ensuring universal unity and balance. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>The most extensive component of society consisted of those who worked (laboratores), whose purpose was to engage in crafts and cultivating the earth. Then came the fighters (bellatores), which originally comprised mostly the nobility and their retinues, whose task was to protect society and oversee compliance with worldly laws. Lastly, there were those who prayed (oratores), i.e. the clergy, who were concerned with matters of faith and caring for the souls of the others to lead them to salvation. The formulation of the concept is most often credited to the French Bishop Aldaberon of Laon.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The concept of the three orders gradually became less convincing, to a large extent because it was not compatible with transition between the classes, while the development of cities in particular was accompanied by the emergence of relatively large, influential groups of burghers, who did not fit into the original division of society. "
"ui_codex_cont_turnaje","The first tournaments were held in France in the 10th century under Henry I. They quickly became a favourite pastime of the courts, later spreading throughout Europe to the delight of all, regardless of their status. Tournaments were multi-day affairs and were accompanied by many symbolic ceremonies, solemn religious services, banquets, dancing and so on. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Tournaments were held by the nobility to celebrate the culmination of important political deals or special events, such as a coronation, royal wedding or betrothal, oaths of loyalty, peace negotiations etc. The aim was to prove agility and combat technique, to show off to others and, often, to win a sizeable prize. Tournaments ranged from classic jousting, with knights faced off against each other on horseback or on foot, or massed combat, with rival teams battling it out in the tournament arena. In both cases the aim was the same – to knock the opponent to the ground, but not to kill or injure him. Even so, injuries and deaths were not uncommon. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Initially the Church strongly condemned tournaments – only in the 14th century did the Church lift the general ban on participation in tournaments and allowed them to be mounted without sanction.
"
"ui_codex_cont_univerzita","One of the oldest universities in Europe was Prague University (later Charles University), founded in 1348 by Charles IV. Students could study here at the arts, theological, medical and later on, law faculties or schools. The arts faculty broadened basic religious education and taught grammar, rhetoric, dialectics, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music. In the early 15th century, more than 1000 students were taught here and were also provided with college accommodation. A total of 80% of the students at the University of Prague came from abroad (mainly from Hungary, Austria, Poland and Germany). <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The medieval university allowed one to graduate with a Bachelor's or Master's Degree or Doctorate, conditional on passing a spoken, ‘viva voce’ examination before a Commission. Some disciplines were studied for far longer than today – even more than 10 years. After passing the final examination, the student received a diploma. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
From the earliest times, the university was headed by a Rector, assisted by Deans of the various faculties, followed by members of the University Council, and below them the numerous tutors: professors and cantors. Among others who lectured at the University was the preacher and reformer Jan Hus.
"
"ui_codex_cont_unos_prokopa","At the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries Moravia was dogged by conflict between the brothers Procopius and Jobst of Luxembourg. At issue was the legacy and power of a dynasty that had aspired to the Polish and Hungarian Crowns. After the death of Charles IV, Procopius supported the policy of Emperor Sigismund, but after his having imprisoned King Wenceslas IV in 1394, Procopius shifted allegiance to the Bohemian King and became his ally. In return he was granted the right to occupy the Episcopal castles, to which the Pope responded by imposing a ban. Procopius was eventually arrested by Sigismund. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the year 1402, when Wenceslas IV was incarcerated for the second time, Jobst was in league with Sigismund once more. At that time, together with the Czech King, Procopius too was captured and held for two years in Pressburg (Bratislava). In the same year Jobst defected from Sigismund to side with Albrecht of Austria in Hungary, where an uprising against the monarch had broken out. As a result of the fraternal conflict between Jobst and Procopius, Moravia became a free-for-all, to the advantage of a whole host of robber-barons, who set about attacking castles and villages. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
After the death of Procopius, Jobst became the sole ruler of Moravia, having progressively quelled his cousins. In 1411 Jobst died, just as Procopius had done, without direct issue, and the title of Margrave of Moravia reverted to Wenceslas IV.
"
"ui_codex_cont_unosy_vaclava","Wenceslas IV was a none-too-capable ruler – rather the opposite. During his reign he was abducted several times in attempts to wrest power from him. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The first time, in 1394, he was taken captive in one of his residences in Beroun near Prague and taken to Wildberg Castle in Austria. The abduction was engineered by the opposing nobility, called the League of the Lords. In 1402, Wenceslas was abducted for a second time, by his half-brother, Sigismund of Luxembourg, King of Hungary, who aspired to the Bohemian throne, with the support of the high nobility, and incarcerated in Vienna, from where he managed to flee with the help of loyal nobles, in November 1403. Sigismund had in the meantime brought in higher taxes on towns and monasteries. Any towns that refused to submit, he conquered and ransacked. The conflict grew into a protracted civil war, which did not abate even after the death of Wenceslas.
"
"ui_codex_cont_uzice","The first written mention of Úžice (in KCD Uzhitz) dates to 1284. Until 1552, ownership of this small town was split between the Lords of Talmberg and the Lords of Rataje, who eventually became its sole owners. The medieval Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, built in the 12th century, stands in the centre of the village."
"ui_codex_cont_valden","The Waldensian movement first appeared in the second half of the 12th century in Lyon, France. Its founder was a wealthy Lyon merchant, Peter Waldo (also called Pierre Valdes, Waldes, Vaudès or de Vaux), who gave up his worldly goods and returned to his former poor, apostolic life. The main characteristics of the movement were voluntary poverty, strict interpretation of the Scriptures and, above all, criticism of the materialism of the Church. They regarded relics of saints as mere human remains of uncertain origin, icons and sacred statues as objects of idolatry, and held that mass said in a barn was as valid as any in a consecrated church. Waldo even translated the Holy Scripture into Arpitan (a French dialect of Provence) and preached using this translation. The movement soon after its founding gained a following in Provence, as well as in neighbouring Lombardy. The sect was sometimes known as the Lyon Poor or Lombardy Poor.<br/><br/>The emergence of the sect did not escape the watchful eye of the Vatican and in 1179, Peter Waldo and his associates were invited to Rome to explain their opinions and actions before the Holy See and respond to theological questions. The outcome of this questioning is not clear, but the movement continued its activities and preached in ever greater opposition to the Roman Church until in 1184, the entire sect was excommunicated by the Synod of Verona and its members expelled from Lyon. Nevertheless, the Waldensians continue to endure thanks to its strict secrecy. Their communities were linked together by travelling preachers who visited the members’ houses. The members of the sect were obliged to hide the preachers from pursuit, feed and house them and ensure them safe passage to their next destination. Thus decentralised, the Waldensians persevered long after the death of their founder sometime in the early 13th century, probably in what is today Germany.<br/><br/>The Waldensians came to Bohemia primarily with German colonists, who undoubtedly were often fleeing persecution. But even in Bohemia they did not escape systematic persecution and by the end of the 15th century the movement was suppressed throughout Europe, with the exception of the Cottian Alpine region (between Piedmont and Provence), where they still maintained a compact community. At the end of the 1590s, the Waldensians joined the Genevan Reformation and became part of the Europe-wide Protestant movement.
"
"ui_codex_cont_vetrny_mlyn","Windmills became prevalent in Europe between the 11th and 14th centuries. The most suitable environment for their construction was to be found in the foothills of mountains, on plains and in coastal landscapes, where strong air currents abounded. They were generally wooden post mills, standing on a characteristic conical trestle log base. They would be rotate around the central stake to face into the wind. As a rule, the mill had four vanes - sails set in a rectangular cross mounted on the front wall of the building. As the wind leant into them, they would turn to move a wooden gearing and transfer the torque to the millstones, located on the first floor. The disadvantage of windmills was their frequent need for repair and maintenance, and they were often struck by lightning. When operating, they vibrated intensely, making working in them neither pleasant nor safe."
"ui_codex_cont_vezeni","Medieval prisons mostly consisted of castle dungeons. Later, different types of strongholds for internment of criminals came into being: municipal jails, located at the town hall, and separate prisons for debtors. Prisons held both men and women together; segregation was practiced solely on the basis of social status and the severity of the crime. Prison was not intended to serve a remedial function, as nowadays, but rather as a temporary residence for the condemned before punishment of another nature, because no one wanted to have to feed prisoners long-term. "
"ui_codex_cont_vilem_habsbursky","William the Courteous of Habsburg, son of Leopold III, was the Duke of Austria and Carinthia. After the death of his uncle Albert III, William became involved in a power struggle with his cousin Albert IV.  He eventually agreed to resign leading positions in the Habsburg dynasty and kept only internal lands. Between 1402 and 1403 he was involved in the imprisonment of Wenceslaus IV. Thanks to the political machinations of the Polish nobles he did not marry his first fiancée Hedwig of Anjou. However, William still considered the union valid and until Hedwig's death did not marry. His ""second"" wife was Joanna II of Naples (Giovanna II d'Angiò-Durazzo), although their marriage remained childless. William thus died in 1406 without an heir.                "
"ui_codex_cont_vilem_I","[19.12.1341 – 9.2.1407]<br/>
William I of Meissen was Margrave of Meissen from 1382. He often attended the Prague Court of Charles IV and later his nephew married Charles’ daughter. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> He was called the One-Eyed, because, according to legend, St. Benno of Meissen appeared to him in a dream and took his eye in punishment for his conflicts with the Church.
"
"ui_codex_cont_vilem_z_talmberka","In 1297, the Head of the Provincial Court, the direct founder of the Talmberg branch and a direct bearer of the Hroznata coat of arms. The Hroznata family was one of the few that did not directly engage in the war against the King, so did not forfeit property. He founded Talmberg Castle. He had two sons – Diviš (Divish) and Nezamysl."
"ui_codex_cont_villages","Bohemian villages underwent a significant transformation at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. Farmers became entitled to inherit their farms, and wages and trading began to have clear-cut rules. The village ground-plan itself changed – from erratically scattered homesteads toward organized plots, geometrically arranged, affording plenty of space for roads and the market. The number of houses ranged from 20 to 25. <br/>
The hub of the village was the common or public space, which served as a social, cultural and economic arena. The limits of the township were fenced or walled.
"
"ui_codex_cont_vira_zboznost","Christianity was adopted in the Czech lands as early as the 10th century, though certain pagan practices remained until later, especially in rural areas, blending seamlessly with rising Christianity. Some of the folk customs were later modified according to Church instructions, others continued unchanged, and yet others were eradicated completely under Church pressure. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In addition to a deep faith in saintly patronage: the saints Wenceslas, Vitus, Nicholas, Ludmilla, Adalbert etc., the Middle Ages revered the Virgin Mary and the various patron saints of the professions. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
One manifestation of medieval piety consisted of wayside shrines, conciliation stones or crosses, put up in large numbers in villages, at intersections and along the main byways. In Royal cities and liege towns it was important to collect holy relics, remains and memorabilia to mark the saints. The cult of saints was encouraged, and cathedrals and churches gained prestige with the relics they held. (It need not be emphasized that most of the relics were fakes, and that nobody took much issue with it.) <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Devotion was shown in everyday life and accompanied everyone from the cradle to the grave by way of Church rituals, occasions for worship, religious holidays or regulations (for example, the numerous fasts or Lenten days). In some way or other, everyone believed in God; for complete atheism, we have to look to later centuries."
"ui_codex_cont_vodni_mlyn","By the end of the 14th century, most rural towns had on average up to seven mills – water-powered forging mills, washmills, sawmills, water pumps, bellows (in foundries and smelters) and for beating hemp. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Each mill consisted of three parts: the engine, the transmission system and the work equipment. The driving mechanism or engine was a water wheel and the gearing or transmission system consisted of many gears to convert the force from the slow moving mill wheel to fast motion. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Work equipment differed according to the particular function of the mill. At the heart of grain mills were millstones: a lower, stationary ‘bedstone’ and an upper, rotating ‘runner’. The grain was ground between the two. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The mill had to be well situated: the current had to be neither too weak, nor too strong, and in the Czech climate the strength of the current in the river varied greatly with the seasons. This meant the miller also had to build artificial mill runs and weirs with which to control the flow.
"
"ui_codex_cont_vodni_pila","Water-driven sawmills have existed in Europe since the 4th century, and in Bohemia they date from the Middle Ages. The oldest sawmills had only a single machine, a single-blade frame-saw for splitting tree-trunks. Over time a circular saw came to be added, with the long sliding table, used for trimming board edges. Other innovations included extending and improving the blades of frame-saws, though the system itself did not change. Both types of machinery were water-powered (see Watermill).


"
"ui_codex_cont_vozy","In the Middle Ages wagons were used for transport, agricultural work and for wartime purposes. One of the simplest was a two wheeled cart, while hay wagons (haywains) were also to be seen. The oldest, high-wheeled carts had one central axle connected to the undercarriage. From the 14th century on, twin-axled, four-wheeled wagons came into use. The front axle was not steerable, resulting in a very wide turning radius. Wagons did not have a seat for the coachman, who either rode astride one of the horses, or walked alongside the wagon. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> In wartime a wagon could be turned into a mobile field palisade, a strategy that became famous especially during the Hussite wars, when the strategy of ‘wagon walls’ won more than one battle for the Calixtines (Hussite forces)."
"ui_codex_cont_vranik","
An early medieval hillfort or ""gord"" first settled sometime around the 9th and 10th centuries. The northern side is protected by a steep slope leading down to the river and continuing north-eastwards in a narrow, rocky strip of land which opens into a spacious headland formed by a meander of the river near Přívlaky village. The hillfort is surrounded by a still visible, although in places strongly eroded oval rampart."
"ui_codex_cont_winegrower","In Bohemia, wine-growing began to spread from the 10th century onwards, due especially to liturgical reasons. Between the 11th and 13th centuries, vineyards were mainly for monasteries and the nobility, generally in similar places to where we find wine grown today: mainly in South Moravia. Due to the more favourable climatic conditions, vineyards could for a period thrive even in Bohemia, but later, after a global cooling period, they died off again. Taking care of vines kept vintners occupied all year round, the vintage harvest taking place from October to November, depending on the weather. 
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Wine tended to be grown in places unsuitable for the cultivation of other plants, such as on rocky south-facing slopes. It could take three to four years to establish a vineyard, and it would be good for thirty to forty years. The grapes were harvested and put into vats where they were crushed by treading. White grapes were pressed immediately after crushing and the juice kept in wooden barrels, tarred and sanitized with sulphur, where the wine was left to ferment. Red grapes were crushed, the seeds removed, and left to ferment in open vats, stirred regularly. This produced what is termed the ‘mash’, and after a few days this was pressed and the juice poured into barrels.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
King Charles IV was a great wine-lover, who imported grapevines from France together with wine-growing know-how, and granted numerous privileges to vintners.
"
"ui_codex_cont_zahrada","Medical remedies in the Middle Ages and Antiquity were the product of good practical knowledge of medicinal plants. Therefore, many medical schools had their own gardens so that fresh garden herbs (dried in winter) were always on hand. Likewise, gardens had their place in monasteries and hospitals. In Bohemia the first secular pharmaco-botanical garden was established in 1341 by John of Luxembourg’s apothecary – Henricus Schwab. Expansive, aesthetically pleasing ornamental gardens came along only later. "
"ui_codex_cont_zachody","In the countryside or during wars, people went outdoors to relieve themselves, to the cowshed or the dung-heap in the yard. Houses of a higher social standing had a little hut built by the dung-heap. At night, chamberpots were used, tucked under beds, and were emptied on the dung-heap in the morning. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the castles and in wealthier homes we would find a privy – a toilet, located, whenever possible, in one of the heated rooms in an oriel on the first floor. There wasn’t necessarily a door and inside was a bench seat with a round hole. Not uncommonly it was in the banquet hall itself, so one would not have to depart, and could even observe the goings-on at table from the privy. Privies used to be in a niche cut in the wall, with a sloping vent shaft leading to the outside of the building. In either case the faecal matter would fall freely along the castle walls into the ditch or down the slope. Privies were gradually upgraded and flushed through with rainwater. They might also have a flap added that discharged the excrement once the flap was released by a foot-lever. Despite this, up to the 16th century it was common practice to empty chamberpots out of windows onto the city streets.
"
"ui_codex_cont_zamky","Locks and keys in ancient times were made of wood, later of metal. Progress came with the year 1000, with the invention of automatically falling latches and the wider use of key locks. Fixed locks were supplemented by padlocks protected by a metal casing. In the Middle Ages, there were also plug-lock systems in use, as well as more advanced designs with a turning key. According to archaeological finds, locks were commonly used in the country, even though ordinary latches were typical. The richer townspeople and nobility had their locks richly decorated. As late as the 14th century locks were fitted to the outside of the door."
"ui_codex_cont_zbroj","In the 14th century manufacturing capabilities grew to include the forging of stronger, often combined armour. Plate armour was developed thanks to improved steel-making techniques and the ability to beat out larger sheets of metal at forging mills. The soldier’s head was protected by a helmet: e.g. the kettle helm (‘kettle hat’), the sallet or the great helm. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Armour was crafted by plate-smiths and helmers, often from one piece of tempered sheet metal (skullcaps, sallets) or riveted together from several smaller pieces (kettle helms, great helms). The best armour of the early 15th century was considered to be that made in Germany and Italy. 'Combination’ armour was used by heavy cavalry – it was based around chain-mail, supplemented by plate armour on the limbs and a simpler version of the cuirass or plackart, or just a gambeson (quilted breastcoat). Some cuirasses and breastplates were equipped with a hook to support the knight’s spear or lance in combat. If the armour lacked a hook, the spear or lance was lodged in the bouche, a notch in the shield, which covered the left arm controlling the reins and the lower part of the helmet. A very common helmet type was the bascinet, with its distinctly shaped 'klappvisor', giving rise to the name 'hounskull'. In addition, pictorial sources frequently show iron hats, often with one or two viewports. The shoulders were protect either by chain-mail sleeves or pauldrons. An essential part of the armour was the shield.
"
"ui_codex_cont_zbrojnice","This was the place where the military equipment was kept, or the civic militia’s repository: swords, spears, halberds, bows and arrows, crossbows, suits of armour, helmets and other offensive and defensive weapons and fire-arms.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In times of threat, it was the duty of all residents to defend the city, and for these purposes, the city had an armoury with enough to arm its residents. Even in times of peace, the townspeople often had to take turns on guard duty. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_zdroje_svetla","The main source of domestic light after sunset consisted of firepits or fireplaces. If that was not enough to light up paths or dwellings, cloth or tallow torches, oil lamps, lanterns, candlesticks or candles were used. Ceramic or metal oil lamps were bowl-shaped, sometimes with an ear-shaped handle. In them was a wick steeped in oil, later on supplemented with wax. In the richer homes there were chandeliers with candles hanging on chains from the ceiling. In villages there were simple lamps, burning tallow instead of vegetable oils, and torches made of split lumber. Tallow candles stank, smoked and dripped. They had to be constantly wiped and the tallow collected for reuse and therefore they were mounted on candlesticks with a bowl at the base. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In Central Europe in the Middle Ages beeswax was considered an extremely precious commodity, and also made its appearance as a means of exchange among guilds ('payment in wax').
"
"ui_codex_cont_zebraci","Although beggars were on the margins of society, they had their indelible place in it. In the cities, there were hospitals earmarked for them and the Church also provided assistance. Begging was allowed at cemetery gates and in front of churches, and each beggar could occasionally go to the baths at municipal expense. Some monks were regulars among the beggars, too – called almsmen or mendicants. The beggars were well-known and tolerated in their communities, but by contrast, it was believed that foreign and wandering beggars brought misfortune. There was seldom any shortage of alms, because charity and gifts to the poor were considered prerequisites for salvation. "
"ui_codex_cont_zem_hotovost","The territorial army or provincial militia drew on nobles (princes, lords, squires) with their retinues, the garrisons of clerical dignitaries (bishops and from 1344 on, even the archbishop), the militias of Royal towns, village bailiffs and custodians. It served to defend the land and was called up as needed by the monarch."
"ui_codex_cont_zemedelstvi","Unlike today, when the land has long been given over to agriculture, the burgeoning of farming in the Middle Ages brought the need for new fields where there were only forests or untilled land. The timber from forest clearing was used for construction, the remaining roots, stumps and scrub were burned, and the ground then levelled. The finished fields were cultivated by the ‘three-field system’ – a third of the land lay fallow for two years to recover nutrients - this was used for grazing livestock, which added manure. It was then returned to use and tilled, while in turn another third, which had been used for raising crops, was left to lie fallow. There was thus regular crop rotation to save exhausting the soil. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the earliest times, ploughing was done with a simple device called an ard- or scratch-plough. Where the soil was stony, working it was very hard. The tiller had to keep watching the plough and used great force to push it into the ground. Similarly clumsy and imperfect were the ‘harrows’ of the time. After harrowing, any remaining clods of earth would be crumbled with a mattock or wooden mallet. This work was typically done by women and children. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most common crop, wheat, used to be full of weeds, and as such not very economical, 15 largish sheaves yielding only about 18 kg of grain, often even less. Harvesting often had to be done using only a sickle for cutting. After drying, the grain was threshed out. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Vegetables and legumes were cultivated to a greater extent than today, grown in fenced gardens next to houses. These were mostly peas and lentils, but also vetch and beans, and around the villages flax and hemp were grown extensively. Hops were grown in signorial fields for the liege lord's brewery. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_zemnice","A dugout shelter is a form of smaller and more makeshift housing, one room dug into the ground with steps leading down into it. It was covered with a simple thatched roof. These were home to poor people, or a provisional shelter for woodcutters, charcoal burners and shepherds, who did not live in them all year round. "
"ui_codex_cont_zide","The Jews settled in Moravia and Bohemia probably even earlier than the 10th century. Initially they were considered foreigners who the Romans had banished into exile. Jewish traders in the Czech lands settled largely around the long-distance trade routes, in major centres, which in the early Middle Ages were: Olomouc, Brno, Znojmo and the central Elbe River environs. Most lived in Prague, however. Records tell of about 120 houses in a demarcated Jewish quarter of the Old Town. They were under the legal protection of decrees by Wenceslas II and subsequently Charles IV. Over the centuries, however, the flourishing of their activities as merchants and financiers gave rise to protests from many elements of society, in particular the Catholic Church. The Jews had indeed imported valuable gold and used it to barter for horses, furs or slaves. Their rights became progressively circumscribed: they could not buy land or houses, had to lived in specially designated ghettos, were allowed to lend money at interest (usury) and to trade only where they were not in competition with locals, and were prohibited from working as craftsmen or farmers. The segregation of Jews was also underlined by enforced labelling: they had to wear, for example, a yellow circle or yellow ribbon on their garments, or a specifically shaped hat, the women had to have a yellow ribbon in their hair and the men mandatory beards. No help came from the Church, which traditionally laid the blame on them for being the ‘killers of Christ’ and for adhering to pagan rituals. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the Middle Ages, the Jews were considered the ‘King’s own’ and under his protection, so that if the townspeople were inclined to commit a pogrom (to set fire to the quarter and massacre the inhabitants), they would have to pay the King hefty ‘reparations’. Some Kings looked forward to such pogroms as a good source of income, others protected ‘their’ Jews. For example, Wenceslas IV granted the Prague Jews the right to their own town within Prague, with its own wall and six gates, but even this failed to protect them from the pogrom in 1389, when the King was travelling abroad. After his return he levied the ultimate punishment on the organizers of the pogrom, which quelled further attacks for some time, though they made a comeback with the Hussite movement. 
"
"ui_codex_cont_zivot_v_klast","Every monastery, especially those of the Benedictine Order, followed specific rules regarding allocation of time, activities and positions in the monastery hierarchy. In addition to worship, devotional reading and copying or illuminating books, the monks laboured physically. Depending on the time of year, they devoted between six and eight hours to labour, three and a half hours to prayer and an equal time to study. The remainder of the day was allocated for rest and short sleep. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Monasteries often had seminaries for monks and future priests, as well as medicinal workshops. The Brother Infirmarius, the monk in charge of healing, worked not only in the monastery infirmary, but also helped outside the monastery, attending sick or wounded in neighbouring villages and towns.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The day was divided by prayers – the Liturgy of the Hours – consisting of seven offices, beginning with Matins (also called Vigils) after midnight, the first choral prayers, Lauds, were recited at dawn or between 3 am and 4 am, followed by Prime (at the time of the Equinox at 6 am), Terce (at 9 am), Sext at noon and None at around 3 o'clock in the afternoon; an hour before sunset the evening prayers, Vespers, were said and the daily cycle closed before bedtime, usually half an hour after sunset, with Compline. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
After morning mass, the community met in the Chapter House and listened to readings selected from chapters of the Rule, the order’s book of precepts and regulations. Then there was a sermon and debate concerning the monastery. The brothers confessed their sins and were rebuked or rebuked others. Until midday prayers (Sext), they worked or studied. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Rule primarily contained instructions concerning internal organization, emphasizing, for example, obedience, silence, temperance in speaking and eating, mercy, humility and hospitality.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The monasteries were closed from the outside. The monks of the Order of St. Benedict, especially, were forbidden all contact with the outside world since the Order’s inception. They lived only in the cloister (the inner inaccessible heart of the monastery). They were not allowed to leave it and neither could any layman enter there. Some spent their entire lives behind the monastery walls. Only entrusted elder monks and lay-brothers communicated with the outside world. They took care of the entire running of the monastery outside the cloister.
"
"ui_codex_cont_zlata_doba_karla","When the young son of John of Luxembourg, Charles, inherited the title of Moravian Margrave and subsequently the Czech throne, he embarked on not only economic, but also cultural development of his kingdom, a period dubbed the ‘Golden Era’. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In 1348, Charles founded one of the oldest universities in Europe. Many cities, towns and castles acquired new fortifications and new bridges, infrastructure, and churches were built. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
To strengthen his position in Europe, he made good use of political marriages, thus allying his family with prominent families in neighbouring countries. He even had influence over the appointment of ecclesiastical dignitaries. Thanks to firm rule and a policy based on the alliances, he was able to keep the peace in Europe. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Charles was an educated monarch, interested in the arts, which was reflected in the architecture of cities, especially Prague, where under his rule, many new houses, churches (including St Vitus’ Cathedral) and the city walls sprang up.
"
"ui_codex_cont_zul","The story of the Zoul yeoman family aptly illustrates the conditions that existed in Bohemia at the turn of the century. Even before the King's abduction, Bohemia was crawling with all sorts of bandit fellowships and fraternities, often led by the lower nobility. Execution records mention the Zoul family name as of 1389, when Jan Zoul and his father Mikuláš Zoul are mentioned as leaders of a band of brigands that perpetrated pillaging raids from their base in Ostředek. The were sometimes joined by Jan's uncle Hagen from the nearby fortress of Křesice. Their territory of operation consisted mostly of the trade routes between Prague, Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg) and Benešov, as well as solitary mills. In fairness, it must be added that the testimonies of individual captured bandits or their associates implicated many millers and innkeepers from the surrounding villages of receiving stolen goods from bandits or assisting them in other ways. These stolen goods were indeed varied in character: we learn from the execution books that the Zouls stole horses, cattle and farm equipment, as well as merchandise such as cloth and barrels full of herring. Of course, money was also highly desirable loot.<br><br>Around the turn of the century, the Zoul’s band seized Čejchanov Castle and extended their hunting ground. At the same time, they also fought with Prokop of Luxembourg’s in his campaign against Sigismund, which nicely illustrates the attitude of the day to the criminality of the nobility. There was indeed a thin line between mercenary and bandit, very often depending on allegiances. It may have been on account of Prokop that the Zouls plundered especially the lands of Sigismund’s allies from the Rosenberg family. Little wonder then, that most of the records we have about the Zouls come from the Rosenbergs’ execution books, which depict them in an unflattering light. In 1401 they abducted the parish priest from a Rosenberg village, probably in the expectation of a fat ransom and later they further expanded their property by seizing Dubá Castle, which belonged to their former allies.<br><br>The Zouls pillaging raids were only brought to an end by a punitive expedition by the Prague Bishop Zbyněk Zajíc (Hare) of Házmburk (Hasenburg – “Hare Castle”), who conquered both Dubá and Čejchanov. He then brought Mikuláš Zoul and about fifty of his companions in captivity to Prague. Jan, the youngest of the Zouls, was captured and executed a year later. The Bishop divided the Zouls’ numerous properties, which included villages, woods and farms among his allies and left the family’s descendants quite destitute. Čejchanov Castle was reduced to ruins during the punitive raid. It passed through the hands of several courtiers before becoming the property of Racek Kobyla in 1411. Kobyla built a new seat there called Komorní Hrádek.<br><br>The fate of Mikuláš Zoul after his captivity is also interesting, because he was escorted to the gallows by none less than Jan Hus and hanged along with his comrades. According to chronicles of the time, the only concession accorded to his noble status was that he was hanged higher than the other outlaws. His body was then displayed hanging on a hook. The chronicles mention that seven years later, a madman with a compulsion for burying executed convicts was wandering around Prague. Because he was unable to remove Zoul’s remains from the hook, he took at least one leg and left it with a female grocer, who later saw to a proper burial and the body of Mikuláš Zoul (albeit not in one piece) was finally laid to eternal rest behind the Church of St. Stephen in Rybníček, where it was customary at the time to inter executed individuals. "
"ui_codex_char_benedict","[1328 - 1423]<br/>Benedict XIII, born Pedro de Luna, was elected Antipope in 1394 in Avignon. He had previously withdrawn his allegiance to the Italian Pope Urban VI who represented the Catholic Church in Rome."
"ui_codex_char_bergov","[before 1377 – c. 1414]<br/>
Otto III of Bergau was a Czech nobleman hailing from a family in Thuringia and Saxony. He was the Prague Burgrave between 1388 and 1393, a member of the League of Lords (Pánská jednota) from 1394, and in 1396 he became a member of the Royal Council of Wenceslas IV, although he later turned against him. He was the son of Albert of Bergau, who was appointed Subchamberlain by Sigismund. He owned estates in Biela (Bílina) and Seeberg (Žeberk), as well as other properties, including a fortress on the river Cidlina and Trosky Castle. After Wenceslas IV regained the throne, Otto was punished and removed from office. His estates were inherited by two sons: John and Otto IV. "
"ui_codex_char_capon","[1388? – 1419]<br/>
(Sir Hans Capon)<br/>
The underage son of Jan Ješek Ptáček and Hedvika of Dauba. After the death of his father, his family, the Lords of Leipa - his uncle Jindřich (Henry), his son Hanuš (Hanush) and his brothers, became his guardians. Young lord did not take possession of Rattay (and hereditary estate in Polna) until 1412. Soon afterwards he entered political life and he held positions in the provincial offices.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> After the imprisonment of Master Jan Hus he signed a petition in his defence, but during the Hussite wars he was initially on the side of the League of Lords against the Hussites in a few minor battles (in 1419 he took part in a battle against the Hussites at Knín), apparently due to the influence of his close neighbour Lacek of Kravař of Šternberk. There are no records indicating he took part in the war later. His son was Hynek Ptáček, who achieved high office in the Kingdom of Bohemia, becoming Royal Hofmeister and Mince Master.

"
"ui_codex_char_capon_father","[? – died after 1393]<br/>
Jan Ješek, father of young Lord Jan Ptáček (Hans Capon), was a Moravian lord. In 1349 he became lord of the Honcovice estates, in 1356 Lord of Polná Castle, which he acquired in exchange for Sloup Castle (Perkenstein), and in 1369 Lord of Rattay (Rataje) where he built a new parish church and renamed the lower castle Perkenstein (Pirkštejn). His son John was still a minor when he died, so the property was administered by his relatives. It did not pass back into the hands of the rightful heir until 1412. Ješek was the first of the Lords of Leipa to hold the moniker ""Birdie"" (Ptáček)."
"ui_codex_char_clement","[1342–1394]<br/>Clement VII, born Robert of Geneva, was the first Antipope elected by the French cardinals in opposition to the Roman Pope Urban VI, as an expression of their disagreement with the Italian Pontiff’s decision to remove the seat of papal power from Avignon, as well as his views that the clergy should lead a more austere and virtuous lifestyle. This event caused the Western Schism, which split the Papacy."
"ui_codex_char_divish","Diviš z Talmberku (Sir Divish of Talmberg) owned Talmberg Castle in the years 1390–1415. In 1391 the castle was conquered and Diviš was taken captive and by his neighbour Havel Medek of Valdek, though we no longer know how the dispute arose between them. Due to the king's inability to settle the matter, Diviš was imprisoned in his own castle for seven long years while his young wife, Stephanie, attempted to raise the ransom to free him. Thanks to the help of friends - including Racek (Radzig) Kobyla - he was finally liberated and Medek was condemned for his actions as a rebel. From 1400 onwards, Diviš held the office of Prague Burgrave and in 1401 moved his seat to Prague. Meanwhile, Talmberg Castle was repaired and he gave it to his wife. Diviš returned there in 1414, and in 1418 his son Oldřich governed the estate. According to some sources, Diviš died in 1415, while others attest that in 1418 Jan Jankovský sold him Jankov Castle, where the Talmberg family lived until 1702. Diviš had three sons – Oldřich, Vilém and Mikuláš, who governed Jankov from 1433 onwards."
"ui_codex_char_hanush","[? - 1415]<br/>
Following the death of Jindřich III of Pirkštejn (Henry III of Pirkstein) in 1402, Hanuš of Lipá (in KCD Hanush of Leipa) became the guardian of the former's son, Jan Ptáček (in KCD Hans Capon) and thus the acting governor of the surrounding province. He completed the construction of Pirkstein and its fortifications and the local church of St. Matthew, which contains a shrine to his family. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
When Sigismund of Luxembourg invaded and burned Skalice (Skalitz), the town's Burgrave, Racek (Radzig) Kobyla, and the survivors of the raid found refuge with Hanuš. Hanuš subsequently took action against scattered groups of brigands and Cumans. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
His relationship with the king was peculiar to say the least, judging by often contradictory sources - it appears that in 1410 crown forces descended on the town of Rataje (Rattay) in Hanuš' domain, probably after he became a robber baron and rebel, who may also have participated in the siege of Jihlava in Moravia. Nevertheless, in 1414 he became a Provincial Marshal and dwelt together with his wife Markéta of Šternberk (Sternberg) at Špilberk in Brno.
"
"ui_codex_char_hare_lords","A family of Bohemian nobles whose main seat was Hasenburg Castle. Zaječek (Little Hare) Oldřich of Valdek (?-1271) was the first to take the name in 1232. In 1335, Zbyněk Zajíc ('zajíc' is the Czech word for 'hare') of Valdek and Žebrák purchased the Gothic castle near the village of Klapý near Libochovice from King John of Luxembourg and renamed it Hasenburg (the German word for hare is “Hase”). During the Hussite Wars, the Zajíc Lords were on the side of the Catholics allied to Emperor Sigismund. In the 14th century, the family lost much of its property and thereafter historical records of it become rather scant. The Zajíc family gradually dwindled, until it died out altogether in the 17th century.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The best-known representatives of the family include William Zajíc of Valdek (before 1289 – 9 October 1319) who was a friend of the Přemyslid Elizabeth of Bohemia, mother of Charles IV, whom he helped raise when he was at Křivoklát Castle. He was also one of the feudal lords from West Bohemia who accused Henry of Leipa of plotting against the king.
"
"ui_codex_char_henry_of_leipa","[1275? – 26.8.1329]<br/>Henry I of Leipa was one of the founders of the noble family, which took its name from the settlement of Leipa (Lipá - today Česká Lípa). He held various positions of high office at the Royal Court: Subchamberlain, Marshal of Bohemia and provincial Hetman of Bohemia and Moravia simultaneously. In 1315 he was charged with conspiracy for drafting a document against the king and thrown in prison. He was released half a year later thanks to support on part of the nobility and the Dowager Queen, Elizabeth Richeza of Poland, who was his lifelong partner. This situation forced John of Luxembourg to launch a campaign with German troops against the Czech nobility. The conflict came to an end in 1318. He spent the last years of his life in Brno, where he had established his own court. The coat of arms of the Lords of Leipa consists of a cross made of two tree branches.
Henry had three daughters: Clara (Klára), Margaret (Markéta) and Katherine (Kateřina); and four sons: Henry the Iron One (JIndřich Železný), John (Jan), Berthold (Bertold) and Cenek (Čeněk). They too all held positions of high office."
"ui_codex_char_henry_rosenberg","[1361 – 28.7.1412]<br/>Henry III of Rosenberg (Jindřich III. z Rožmberka), the only son of Oldřich I of Rosenberg, was Prague Burgrave in the years 1396-1398 and 1400-1404. He also held the position of lord of the upper castle in Bohemian Crumlaw (Český Krumlov) and was a member of the noble opposition group known as the League of Lords (Panská jednota). He took part in the capture and imprisonment of Wenceslas IV in 1394, and again in 1402. Between 1389 and 1409 he held the position of executioner, as recorded in the Rosenberg Lords' Book of Executions.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Around 1400, Henry was presented with a statue of the Madonna and Child crafted in the Parler workshop, now known as the Crumlaw Madonna (Madonna of Krumlov).
"
"ui_codex_char_charles","[14.5.1316 – 29.11.1378]<br/>Charles IV of Luxembourg, born Wenceslas, son of King John of Luxembourg, was the second member of the Luxembourg dynasty to become King of Bohemia (1346 – 1378) and the first to attain the title Holy Roman Emperor (1355 – 1378). He held many other titles besides: Margrave of Moravia, Count of Luxembourg, King of Italy, King of the Romans and King of Burgundy.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Renowned for his diplomatic skills and erudition, he actively endeavoured to consolidate his position and ensure the survival of his line in Europe, especially in Bohemia, Moravia and Germany. He was well-versed in several languages and at the French court he was tutored by none other than the future pope, Clement VI.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
During his reign, Prague and the lands of the Bohemian Crown underwent a major transformation, becoming a powerful political, economic and cultural centre. For this reason, this period of his reign is known as the Golden Age. He initiated the construction of many superb edifices, which thus bear his name, including Charles University, Charles Bridge and Karlstein Castle. He was keen to emphasise the role of religious faith in society. He renewed the cults of St. Wenceslas, St. Sigismund and St. Vitus, consecrating various Church buildings to them, among others Prague Cathedral.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>He married four times and had thirteen children, most of whom died in infancy. The most illustrious of his offspring were his sons Wenceslas and Sigismund, who both became rulers over the lands of the Bohemian Crown."
"ui_codex_char_jenstein","[27.12.1350 – 17.6.1400]<br/>John of Jenstein (Jan z Jenštějna) was Bishop of Meissen and Chancellor to King Wenceslas IV from 1376, and Archbishop of Prague from 1379. 
A serious illness during the worst outbreak of plague in Bohemia altered his disposition from that of a carefree man to a devoted servant of the Church. This did not meet with the approval of Wenceslas, however, who sent him to prison at Karlštejn Castle and in 1394 removed him from the office of Chancellor, which led to further conflicts between the Church and the King. Subsequently, John finally gave up his office in 1396. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
His many writings include sermons, commentaries, tractates, essays and poetry."
"ui_codex_char_jobst","[1354 – 18. 1. 1411]<br/>Jobst of Moravia was Margrave of Moravia from 1375 and Elector of Brandenburg from 1388; he also held the throne of the King of the Romans, although he did so for a mere 15 weeks until his death (1410-11). He was the son of John Henry of Luxembourg and the nephew of Emperor Charles IV. He achieved his standing in Europe due to military and political intrigues, aimed primarily against members of his own dynasty, particularly Wenceslas IV, against whom he rebelled along with the Moravian forces in the so-called Margraviate Wars.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
He initially supported Sigismund of Luxembourg’s efforts to seize the Bohemian crown, but in 1403 he began opposing him and together with Albert IV, Duke of Austria, took part in a rebellion against him. His previous support for Sigismund was probably motivated more by self-interest – it ensured him future influence as long as it seemed that Wenceslas would be deposed and Sigismund, or even Jobst himself, would take his place. His campaign against Wenceslas won him and other nobles many privileges. Then, in 1402, when the situation changed, he rebelled against Sigismund and was even instrumental in liberating Wenceslas from captivity. We don’t know whether the change was due to cunning or conscience, but to the end of his life he remained surprisingly loyal to Wenceslas IV. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Towards the end of his life he even stood against Sigismund in the election of King of the Romans, and won. He didn’t enjoy the crown for long though, and died shortly after. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Jobst was not only politically astute, but also a very thrifty governor - many rulers, including Sigismund himself, were financially indebted to him. In his day, it was said that it was Jobst, and not either Wenceslas or Sigismund, who was the true uncrowned sovereign of Bohemia. At the time our game takes place, however, he was in debt up to his ears.
"
"ui_codex_char_konrad_keyser","[1366 - c.1405]<br/>Konrad Kyeser of Eichstätt was a military engineer, a supporter of King Wenceslas IV and the author of Bellifortis, a manual on the military arts, which is the oldest example of a 'Kriegsbuch' to appear in the Bohemian territories. Written in Latin hexameter, the book consists of 140 parchments with somewhat incomprehensible text. It is accompanied by elaborate drawings by Kyeser himself.
The book must have been very popular at the time of its writing, as testified by the fact that more than thirty manuscripts have survived to this day.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Konrad Kyeser’s loyalty to the Bohemian King is attested by a number of drawings in the Gottingen manuscript, in particular a depiction of the king’s royal tent with a number of the symbols typical for Wenceslas IV, such as a torse (wreath) and the letter W. The main text is prefaced by a prologue and a long dedication to the King of Germany (Rex Romanorum), Rupert III of the Palatinate, which was probably an attempt to ingratiate himself into his services. Unfortunately, we will never know why he did not dedicate his work to Wenceslas IV.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The ten chapters of Bellafortis are devoted to weaponry, siege warfare and the use of various techniques for besieging towers and castles. They also include prescriptions for making medicine and instructions for preparing baths, information about torture devices, and even an illustration and description of a chastity belt. The book concludes with an 'epichedion', a personal elegy written by Kyeser himself with his portrait and personal details (parents and date of birth), as well as a horoscope from May 1402.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Bellifortis is an adroit compilation of military engineering and technology well-known in Kyeser’s epoch. The author based his book on various previous works, including De Mirabilibus Mundi and Liber Ignium by Marcus Graecus. Some parts are also based on personal experience."
"ui_codex_char_lichtenstein","[1386 - 1412]<br/>
A member of the Council of the Moravian Margrave, Jobst of Luxembourg, who, as one of only a few Moravian Lords, did not fight against the King alongside Jobst. The Liechtensteins were a wealthy family, owning estates in the Styrian and Lower Austria regions from the 13th century onwards, their main seat being Mikulov (Nikolsburg). The Liechtenstein Princes were in close alliance with the Habsburgs and Luxembourgs. In the war against Sigismund, John of Liechtenstein supported Wenceslas, helping to rescue him from captivity, but by so doing fell out of favour with the Austrian Dukes, who confiscated his estates around the Danube River and took him prisoner. After the death of Wenceslas, the Liechtensteins aligned with Sigismund.
"
"ui_codex_char_markvart","[1360/70 – 27.12.1402]<br/>
He was the Hetman or Governor of Prague, who, much like those members of the nobility disgruntled with the reign of Wenceslas IV, saw in Sigismund of Luxembourg a better potential King. Their motivation had more to do with money and power – Wenceslas offered them no prospects, while supporting Sigismund promised them a better future position in society. 
"
"ui_codex_char_papez","The Pope is the Supreme Head of the Roman Catholic Church, Jesus Christ's deputy on Earth, and cannot be removed from office. His word is regarded by the Church as infallible, equivalent in effect to the Holy Scriptures. At the time of our game, however, nothing was quite so straightforward. Due to the Papal Schism that lasted from 1378 to 1417, there were for a time as many as three rival claimants to the Throne of St. Peter. For secular rulers, support for one claimant or the other was often less a question of faith than of political convenience. "
"ui_codex_char_prokop_luxembourg","[1354/5 – 24.9.1405]<br/> Procopius (Prokop) of Luxembourg, son of John Henry of Luxembourg, was Margrave of Moravia between 1375 and 1405 and the provincial Hetman of the Bohemian Crown. Together with his brother Jobst, he ruled Moravia, although they were in dispute over the inheritance and future of the Luxembourg dynasty, which had ambitions for the Polish and Hungarian Kingdoms. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
After the death of his uncle Charles IV, Procopius initially supported the policies of his cousin Sigismund of Luxembourg and fought against Wenceslas IV in the ""Margraviate Wars"". But after Wenceslas was imprisoned by the Bohemian nobility, Procopius took part in the liberation of the Bohemian King and became his ally. The relations between the Luxembourgs, especially between Procopius and Jobst, succinctly illustrate the intrigues of that time. Jobst and Procopius warred with one another for years, but soon joined against Sigismund on the side of Wenceslas, only to then betray the King by siding with Rupert of the Palatinate. Betrayal was practically a daily event.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> When Sigismund once again kidnapped and imprisoned Wenceslas in 1402, Procopius was also captured and interred for two years in Pressburg (Prešpurk, Bratislava). His illegitimate son George of Luxembourg was the last descendant of the Luxembourg dynasty, who could not inherit any property or titles. "
"ui_codex_char_saint_prokop","[late 10th century – 25.3.1053]<br/> Saint Procopius of Sasau was a lay priest, hermit and co-founder and first abbot of Sasau (Sázava) Monastery. He was canonised in 1204. According to hagiography, he was educated at a school in Vyšehrad. He was married and had a son, but decided to become a priest. He spent some time with the Benedictines in Břevnov before embarking on the life of a hermit. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the Sasau region he gathered a group of men around him with whom he founded a monastery of the religious order of St. Benedict in the 1030s, becoming its first abbot. Many legends have arisen about Saint Procopius, in which the hermit does battle with demons and performs exorcisms. In one, he puts a demon to work dragging his plough, digging out the so-called 'Devil's Furrow'. He was thus often depicted with a tied and bound devil by his feet. Sometimes he was pictured with a crutch and mitre, and from the 17th century onwards he was represented holding a book and cross. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The Sasau monastery houses the Cave of Procopius, which was hollowed into the cliff wall in the shape of a Greek cross, and the saint is said to have spent several years as a hermit in it in solitary prayer."
"ui_codex_char_sigismund","[14.2.1368 – 9.12.1437]<br/>Sigismund of Luxembourg, son of Charles IV, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1387, King of Germany from 1411, King of Bohemia from 1419 and King of Italy from 1431. He was also Prince of Silesia, from 1419 Margrave of Lusatia and most notably Holy Roman Emperor between 1433 and 1437.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
At an early age, he was sent to be educated at the Hungarian court, quickly mastering the tough conditions of politics. Like other members of his family, he was abducted at least once (in his case by the Hungarian nobility). Having lost faith in the Hungarian nobility, he turned his attention to Bohemia and became engaged in hostilities with his half-brother, Wenceslas. Some of the Bohemian nobility welcomed Sigismund, hoping he would rid them of their ineffective monarch, while others sided with Wenceslas, resulting in long-lasting wars, in the course of which Sigismund and his Hungarian army (consisting in no small part of Cuman mercenaries) repeatedly pillaged Bohemia, often with the help of the Bohemian - and especially Moravian - lords themselves. Sigismund fought not only to seize his brother’s throne, but also against the Hussites with the aim of seizing the Imperial crown. He regarded himself as the defender of Christianity and in 1409 even founded the Order of the Dragon to wage war against all enemies of the Christian faith. (One of the later members of the order was the infamous Vlad the Impaler, inspiration for the fictional Dracula). <br/>&nbsp;<br/> 
After the death of Wenceslas, Sigismund brought to Bohemia four unsuccessful crusades against the Hussites. He died soon after the signing of the Compacts – a set of agreements with the reformers guaranteeing freedom of religious belief to every inhabitant of the lands of Bohemia and Moravia."
"ui_codex_char_smil","[c. 1350 – 13.8.1403 ]<br/>Smil Flashka of Pardubice and Rychmburk was a Czech nobleman, the nephew of the first Czech Archbishop, Ernest (Arnošt) of Pardubice.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
He is known mainly as a writer. He received his bachelor’s degree at the university in Prague in 1367.
In the 1380s he was in dispute with Wenceslas IV, trying to prevent Pardubitz (Pardubice) from falling into the hands of the king as and escheat. Although he lost, in 1390 he inherited the Pardubitz and Reichenberg (Rychmburk) estates and six years later he was appointed supreme scribe of the provincial records.
From 1403 he held the position of Hetman of the Čáslav region and was a member of the League of Lords.
He died in fighting against the Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg) allies of Wenceslas IV.
He wrote allegorical verse (for example the poem “New Council”, featuring an assembly of animals representing conservative views on how the king should govern). He also penned aphorisms, proverbs and satire.
A street in Pardubice bears his name and his work is still read by students of Czech literature."
"ui_codex_char_urban","[1318 – 1389]<br/> 
Urban VI, born Bartolomeo  Prignano, was quickly elected Pope under pressure from the Roman people to have a citizen of the city on the Papal Throne and the Papacy returned there from Avignon, to which it had been relocated at the beginning of the century by the French King.  Urban truly did begin to rule from Rome and, once he took office, also to criticize the cardinals for accepting gifts from rulers and living in luxury. This made him many enemies, so shortly thereafter the French cardinals declared his election invalid and elected a new pope, who once again ruled from Avignon. The new pope declared Urban to be the Antichrist and excommunicated him.  This led to the Great Schism - financial, theological and political duality and chaos throughout Europe, because each ruler had to declare which Pope they recognised as head of the Church."
"ui_codex_char_vilem_zajic","[? – 1.11.1420]<br/>William Zajíc ('Hare') of Valdek and Židlochovice, son of Sbinco (Zbyněk) Zajíc and Katherine of Litomyšl. During the wars in Moravia between the brothers Jobst and Procopius (Prokop) of Luxembourg, William initially served in the army of the elder brother, then after 1399 he fought on the side of Procopius. Once the power struggle ended, he worked as a diplomat for Jobst. Thanks to his marriage to Dorothea (Dorota) of Rabstein (Rabštejn), the widow of Henry of Rabstein, he acquired in pawn the estate of Židlichovice and its fortress, which the Margrave bequeathed to William in 1407. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
William Zajíc not only spent time in Moravia, but also travelled widely, frequenting Prague, Olomouc and Lužice and undertaking trips to France and Brandenburg, as well as going on pilgrimages to Rome and Santiago de Compostela. Jobst regarded his services most highly and at the end of 1407 promoted him to the position of Hetman of the Duchy of Luxembourg. After the death of the margrave, William continued to serve Wenceslas IV and from 1412 onwards Sigismund of Luxembourg. 
"
"ui_codex_char_wenceslas","[26.2.1361 – 16.8.1419]<br/>
Wenceslas IV of Luxembourg was the son of the highly successful monarch Charles IV. He inherited the Bohemian throne and attained the German crown by election. However, he did not inherit his father's predisposition for ruling.
Already during his lifetime he was known for being a weak, idle and moody ruler who was afflicted with many ailments, as well as difficulties meeting his royal obligations, despite the fact that he had been groomed for rule since early childhood (he was crowned Bohemian King at the age of only two years). He was more interested in hunting, alcohol, courtesans and pleasures of the court. During his time as king, the lands of the Bohemian Crown underwent several wars and conflicts involving his relatives – his own brother Sigismund and his cousins, the Moravian Margraves.  <br/>&nbsp;<br/>  

The event that triggered the Margraviate Wars was that Wenceslas occupied the vacated estates of the Olomouc Archdiocese, which by law belonged to the nobles. Under the leadership of Jobst, the Moravian lords joined with Sigismund in open revolt against the King, which had less to do with the Olomouc estates than with the legitimacy of the rule of Wenceslas, who in the meantime had been stripped of the Imperial Crown by the imperial electors for his incompetence and unwillingness to rule. Later he also lost the power of the Bohemian Crown, when he made numerous concessions and awarded the nobles many privileges, de facto transferring the ruling power to them. His unwillingness to meet obligations resulted in his abduction twice (thereby removing him from the throne) – first in 1394 by the Czech nobles and then in 1402 by his brother Sigismund. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>

Wenceslas initially supported the reform proposals of Jan Hus and his adherents, but he did nothing to save the reformer's life when he was sentenced to be burned at the stake by the Church. He thus set in motion what was later to become the largest (and only more or less successful) popular revolt in Europe – the Hussite Wars. However, he did not live to see these events, since he died in 1419. After his death, his brother Sigismund of Hungary seized the crown - but he had to fight for it, since not everyone acknowledged his claim, and once he had the crown he did not live to enjoy it for long. 
"
"ui_codex_char_z_talmberka","The coat of arms of the Lords of Talmberg consists of two water-lily leaves argent (silver) on a field gules (red). The dynasty dates back to 1291, when Talmberg Castle was under the administration of Vilém (William), son of the then Prague Burgrave, Hroznata of Úžic (Uzhitz). His descendants later owned estates in South and East Bohemia, including Slatiňany, Miličín and the area around Čáslav. Some of the Talmberg lords achieved such influential posts in administration as Burgrave or magistrate."
"ui_codex_char_zbynek_zajic","[1376 – 1411]<br/>
Sbinco (Zbyněk) Zajíc of Haseburg, the son of William Zajíc of Hasenburg, was Prague Archbishop between 1403 and 1411, a member of the court of Wenceslas IV, the Provost of Mělník and a military leader. Although he was a supporter of Jan Hus at the outset of the 15th century, from 1407 onwards he was in public opposition to him. On 16 July 1410, he even burnt Wycliffe’s writings and placed John Hus under an interdict. This  met with protests not only from the citizens of Prague, but also from King Wenceslas IV himself, who demanded that the interdict be withdrawn. Sbinco rejected the demand and subsequently remained absent from the country for several years.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
His lack of education earned him the popular moniker 'Bishop Alphabet'.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
His body lies in St. Vitus' Cathedral in Prague."
"ui_codex_unlockTotal","Unlock/Total"
"ui_CombineFailed","Combining failed!"
"ui_completed_quests","Completed Quests"
"ui_confirmSurvey","Do you want to complete the survey?"
"ui_connecting","Connecting..."
"ui_ConnectTitle","Connect to server"
"ui_Continue","Continue"
"ui_control_setup_disable","Can't change keybind for this function."
"ui_Controller","Controller"
"ui_controller_block","Block/Parry"
"ui_controller_horse","Mount/Call horse"
"ui_controller_inventory","Inventory/Player Stats (hold)"
"ui_controller_jump","Jump/Climb"
"ui_controller_kick","Kick (in fistfight)"
"ui_controller_map","Map/Quest Log (hold)"
"ui_controller_menu","Menu"
"ui_controller_movement","Move/Crouch (press)"
"ui_controller_movement2","look/attack direction"
"ui_controller_movement2b","Lock target (press)/ Switch target (press again)"
"ui_controller_skiptime","Skip time/Help"
"ui_controller_slash","Slash/Shoot/Jab"
"ui_controller_sprint","Sprint/Unlock target"
"ui_controller_stab","Stab/Hook"
"ui_controller_surrender","Surrender"
"ui_controller_use","Use/Talk/Pick up"
"ui_controller_weapon1","Melee weapon/Torch (hold)"
"ui_controller_weapon2","Range weapon"
"ui_controllerSensitivity","Look sensitivity"
"ui_ControlsConflict","There's a conflict between controls!"
"ui_controlsSettings","Controls"
"ui_copyright_menu","Kingdom Come: Deliverance © 2018 Warhorse Studios, version:"
"ui_costs_save_potion","This will cost you one Saviour Schnapps!"
"ui_countryside","Countryside"
"ui_Credits","Credits"
"ui_current","Current"
"ui_current_objective","Current objective"
"ui_current_xp","Current XP"
"ui_Custom","Custom"
"ui_czech","Česky"
"ui_damage","Damage"
"ui_damage_blunt","Blunt damage"
"ui_damage_dog","Dog damage"
"ui_damage_slash","Slash damage"
"ui_damage_stab","Stab damage"
"ui_day","Day"
"ui_days","Days"
"ui_defense","Defence"
"ui_DeleteSavedGame","Do you want to delete this savegame?"
"ui_DeliveryNotConfirmed","Do you really want to cancel handing item over?"
"ui_derivstat_conspic","Conspic."
"ui_derivstat_conspicuous","Conspicuousness"
"ui_derivstat_conspicuous_desc","Conspicuousness is a measure of how you stand out in the normal environment, i.e. whether or not people who see you will look twice. It depends on your clothing."
"ui_derivstat_conspicuous_desc_t","Conspicuousness is a measure of how you stand out in usual environment; in other words if you warrant a second look from anyone who can see you. It is derived from your clothes. The lower the better; with very low conspicuousness people will mostle ignore you even when spotted."
"ui_derivstat_equipvisib","Visibility"
"ui_derivstat_equipvisib_desc","Visibility is the opposite of camouflage. It tells you how easy you are to spot and the lower it is, the better. It's the average visibility value of all the visible items of clothing you are wearing. Naturally glittering armour and brightly coloured garments are much easier to spot than a dark cloak. Your visibility in the dark is affected by the amount of light in your vicinity, as well as how much of your body is exposed to view and how close you are to people. Enemies will spot you even in pitch darkness if you're too close."
"ui_derivstat_equipvisib_desc_h","Visibility for your horse works just like your own Visibility. It's a measure of how easy it is to spot your horse."
"ui_derivstat_equipvisib_desc_t","Visibility is the opposite of camouflage. It tells you how easy you are to spot and the lower it is, the better. It's the average visibility value of all the visible items of clothing you are wearing. Naturally brightly coloured garments are much easier to spot than a dark cloak. Your visibility in the dark is affected by the amount of light in your vicinity, as well as how much of your body is exposed to view and how close you are to people. Enemies will spot you even in pitch darkness if you're too close."
"ui_derivstat_health_desc_h","Horse Health is the measure of how well you treat your Horse. When you allow your Horse to be injured, his Health decreases and you have to heal him."
"ui_derivstat_health_desc_t","Your Health level represents your current physical condition and state of health. Wounds, bleeding and poisons will lower your health level. You can heal yourself using potions, foods, alcohol and sleep. Once your Health falls to 0, you die."
"ui_derivstat_charisma","Charisma"
"ui_derivstat_charisma_desc","Charisma is a measure of how you can impress people. Fast talk will get you only that far, fancy clothes and ornaments can give you that extra bit of stature you need. Its total is the average Charisma value of all the visible items of clothing you're wearing - underclothes don't count! It's also influenced by how clean, dirty or bloody your attire is, so it's worthwhile visiting the baths now and again or at least having a wash in a trough."
"ui_derivstat_charisma_desc_h","Your Horse’s Charisma works just like yours. A well-groomed and trimmed Horse makes its owner seem more important and his words carry more weight"
"ui_derivstat_charisma_desc_t","Charisma is a measure of how you can impress people. Fast talk will get you only that far, fancy clothes and ornaments can give you that extra bit of stature you need. Its total is the average charisma value of all the visible items of clothing you're wearing."
"ui_derivstat_inventorycapacity","Capacity"
"ui_derivstat_inventorycapacity_desc_h","Determines your horse's load capacity. Can be improved with a better saddle and saddlebags."
"ui_derivstat_mainlevel","Main level"
"ui_derivstat_mainlevel_desc","Level is derived from your stats and your progress through the game. It's useful for comparing your character to that of your friends. With every second level you reach, you can select one perk that will allow you to make your character more specialised. "
"ui_derivstat_mainlevel_desc_t","The level is derived from your stats and your progress through the game. It is useful for comparing your character to that of your friends."
"ui_derivstat_maxhealthystamina","Stamina"
"ui_derivstat_maxhealthystamina_desc","Your character’s Stamina depletes every time you do something physically demanding, e.g. sprint or fight, and when it drops to zero, you can do neither. If you pause to catch your breath, though, Stamina will replenish itself automatically. Your immediate Stamina depends on your Health, Tiredness and Hunger and can also be depleted by such things as overeating, drunkenness and poisoning. "
"ui_derivstat_maxhealthystamina_desc_t","Your character’s Stamina depletes every time you do something physically demanding, e.g. sprint or fight, and when it drops to zero, you can do neither. If you pause to catch your breath, though, Stamina will replenish itself automatically. Your immediate maximum stamina depends on your health, tiredness and hunger and can also be depleted by such things as overeating, drunkenness and posioning. "
"ui_derivstat_maxstamina","Stamina"
"ui_derivstat_maxstamina_desc_h","Your horse’s Stamina is depleted during canter and gallop. After a while, you have to let your horse rest by walking before nudging him to a greater speed again."
"ui_derivstat_morale","Obedience"
"ui_derivstat_morale_desc_d","Your dog's obedience affects his behaviour. If it's low, he won't always heed your commands or may even run off. If it's high, on the other hand, your dog will be more effective and will obey your orders willingly."
"ui_derivstat_noise","Noise"
"ui_derivstat_noise_desc","The more Noise you make the more likely you are to be discovered whenever you move. Noise is derived from your clothing and weapons you have equipped."
"ui_derivstat_noise_desc_h","Your Horse makes Noise as well. Try getting Moss Horseshoes from a blacksmith to make your steed less noisy."
"ui_derivstat_noise_desc_t","The more Noise you make the more likely you are to be discovered whenever you move. Noise is derived from your clothing and weapons you have equipped."
"ui_derivstat_speed","Speed"
"ui_derivstat_speed_desc","Speed determines how fast you can walk, run and sprint. It is derived from your Agility and your overall encumbrance."
"ui_derivstat_speed_desc_h","Speed of your Horse determines how fast it can walk, trot, canter and gallop. It is derived from the amount of Weight you want your Horse to carry."
"ui_derivstat_speed_desc_t","Speed determines how fast you can walk, run and sprint. It is derived from your Agility and your overall encumbrance."
"ui_derivstat_stamina_desc_h","Your Horse’s Stamina is depleted during canter and gallop. After a while, you have to let your Horse rest before nudging him to a greater speed again."
"ui_derivstat_targetsearchradius","Sense of smell"
"ui_derivstat_targetsearchradius_desc_d","A dog can sniff out enemies even when they're out of sight. If you take good care of your dog and are experienced in handling it, it will identify foes at a greater distance. The distance at which it can identify a foe increases with your level of  Houndmaster skill."
"ui_Details","Overall image quality"
"ui_DetailsTT","Sets overall level of detail. Changes most Advanced Graphics settings."
"ui_Disconnected","Could not connect to server!"
"ui_DistanceVar1","Object distance"
"ui_DistanceVar1TT","Changes the draw distance of objects."
"ui_DistanceVar2","LOD distance"
"ui_DistanceVar2TT","Changes the distance at which finer textures are loaded."
"ui_DistanceVar3","Vegetation draw distance"
"ui_DistanceVar3TT","Changes the draw distance of vegetation."
"ui_dlc_activated","DLC activated"
"ui_dlc_coming_soon","Coming soon"
"ui_dlc_coming_soon_tt","We are hard at work on this DLC and hoping to bring it to you soon!"
"ui_dlc_console_goty_not_updated","Update your game"
"ui_dlc_console_goty_not_updated_tt","You need to update your game to activate this DLC."
"ui_dlc_instaled","Ready to play"
"ui_dlc_instaled_tt","Press to see instructions for launching"
"ui_dlc_missing","This feature requires DLC:"
"ui_dlc_name_1","Treasures of the Past"
"ui_dlc_name_10","A Woman's Lot"
"ui_dlc_name_2","HD Textures"
"ui_dlc_name_4","From the Ashes"
"ui_dlc_name_8","The Amorous Adventures of Bold Sir Hans Capon"
"ui_dlc_name_8_part1","The Amorous Adventures of Bold"
"ui_dlc_name_8_part2","Sir Hans Capon"
"ui_dlc_name_9","Band of Bastards"
"ui_dlc_name_dog","Man's best friend"
"ui_dlc_name_tournament","Tournament!"
"ui_dlc_not_instaled","Not purchased or installed"
"ui_dlc_not_instaled_tt","Visit store page to purchase and download"
"ui_DLCs","DLCs"
"ui_DLCs_header","DLCs"
"ui_dlg_BathTime","The bathmaids will make a new man of you!"
"ui_dlg_cannot_overread","You can't read any longer just now!"
"ui_dlg_cannot_oversleep","You can't sleep any longer now!"
"ui_dlg_CustomUnconsciousness","You're unconscious!"
"ui_dlg_DevilplayTrippin","You're already on a different kind of trip."
"ui_dlg_DrinkSkipTime","You're drinking."
"ui_dlg_DrinkWithKuno","Seven tankards of ale and a bottle of spirits. That'll take a while."
"ui_dlg_FaintTime","You fainted!"
"ui_dlg_FakeSleepSkipTime","Sleeping"
"ui_dlg_fasttravel_confirm","Do you want to fast travel to this location?"
"ui_dlg_ftbleeding","You can't fast travel because you are bleeding!"
"ui_dlg_ftcant_travel_from_here","You can't fast travel from this location!"
"ui_dlg_ftcant_travel_now","You can't fast travel just now."
"ui_dlg_ftcombat","You can't fast travel because you are in combat!"
"ui_dlg_ftencumbered","You're too overloaded to fast travel!"
"ui_dlg_ftfatigue","You can't fast travel because you are too tired!"
"ui_dlg_fthungry","You can't fast travel because you are too hungry!"
"ui_dlg_ftpaused_time","You can't do that right now."
"ui_dlg_ftpoison","You can't fast travel because you've been poisoned!"
"ui_dlg_fttrespasing","You can't fast travel because you are trespassing!"
"ui_dlg_JailTime","You're serving jail time!"
"ui_dlg_OK","OK"
"ui_dlg_Praying","You're praying for forgiveness."
"ui_dlg_read_done","This book won't take that long to finish."
"ui_dlg_ReadTime","How long do you want to read?"
"ui_dlg_ReadTimeProgress","Reading"
"ui_dlg_RevelationFakeSleep","You're resting at Johanka's."
"ui_dlg_SkipTime","How much time do you want to skip?"
"ui_dlg_SkipTimeProgress","Waiting"
"ui_dlg_SleepTime","How long do you want to sleep?"
"ui_dlg_SleepTimeProgress","Sleeping"
"ui_dlg_UnlimitedTime","You're unconscious!"
"ui_dlg_waitingForSoldiers","Waiting until soldiers arrive"
"ui_dlg_WaitingForTourney","You're waiting for the next tournament."
"ui_dlg_WaitToTourney","You're waiting for the tournament."
"ui_dlg_WaitWithKuno","We'll wait until the raiders at the mill get good and wasted."
"ui_dog_mode_aggressive","Aggressive"
"ui_dog_mode_ambush","Ambush"
"ui_dog_mode_follow","At heel"
"ui_dog_mode_free","Free"
"ui_dog_mode_guard","Guard"
"ui_dog_mode_hunt","Hunting"
"ui_dog_mode_search","Searching"
"ui_dog_mode_wait","Waiting"
"ui_dog_name","Mutt"
"ui_dog_theresa_name","Tinker"
"ui_efects","Effects"
"ui_efficiency","Efficiency"
"ui_empty","empty"
"ui_EnableSubtitles","Dialogue and cutscene subtitles"
"ui_EnableSubtitlesBarks","In-game chatter subtitles"
"ui_EnableSubtitlesBarksTT","Enables subtitles for chatter and reactions of people in the world."
"ui_EnableSubtitlesTT","Toggles subtitles for dialogues and cut scenes."
"ui_EnableTutorials","Tutorials"
"ui_EnableTutorials_HC_TT","No tutorials in Hardcore Mode!"
"ui_EnableTutorialsTT","Displays all in-game tutorial messages during gameplay. "
"ui_English","English"
"ui_equippedArmor","Item is equipped. To proceed it will be unequipped."
"ui_escape","Escape"
"ui_estonian","Eesti keel"
"ui_evade","Evade"
"ui_Exit","Quit"
"ui_ExitGame","Do you want to quit the game?"
"ui_exitsave_load_tt","This savegame can be launched only once, then it will be deleted."
"ui_exitsave_overwrite_tt","This will overwrite your last Exit save."
"ui_ExitToMain","Exit to main menu"
"ui_ExitToMainQ","Do you want to exit to main menu?"
"ui_ExitToMainTT","Exits the game to main menu."
"ui_failed_quests","Failed Quests"
"ui_FAQ","Help"
"ui_FAQTitle","Help"
"ui_Feedback","Feedback"
"ui_fight","Fight"
"ui_FOV","Vertical FOV"
"ui_FOVTT","Sets both vertical and horizontal field of view. Lower value is better for TV, higher for wide-angle displays."
"ui_FPS","Show FPS"
"ui_FPSCap","FPS Cap"
"ui_FPSCapTT","Sets maximum frame rate. Useful when Vsync is enabled and FPS fluctuates close to your monitor refresh rate."
"ui_FPSTT","Shows how fast the game runs on your machine in frames per second."
"ui_french","Français"
"ui_Fullscreen","Fullscreen"
"ui_FullscreenWindow","Window"
"ui_Gama","Gamma correction"
"ui_GamaTT","Move slider until KCD logo is barely visible."
"ui_Game","Game"
"ui_GameEffects","Game effects"
"ui_GameEffectsTT","Sets the quality of weather effects."
"ui_GameModeTitle","Select Game Mode "
"ui_GameOver","Game Over"
"ui_GameSaved","Game saved!"
"ui_GameSettings","Game Settings"
"ui_GameSettingsTitle","Game Settings"
"ui_GameTitle","Kingdom Come"
"ui_German","Deutsch"
"ui_GraphicSettings","Graphics Settings"
"ui_GraphicSettingsTitle","Graphics Settings"
"ui_hardcore_mode","Hardcore Mode"
"ui_hardcore_modeTT","More realistic. Recommended for players who are familiar with the essentials of combat and survival in the world of Kingdom Come: Deliverance."
"ui_hcmode_died","You have died!"
"ui_hcmode_died_reason_0","Just when you were thinking you'd already passed this tree before, the wolves caught up with you. Mother always told you not to stray into the woods alone."
"ui_hcmode_died_reason_1","Like many others, you were not fated to live a long life. You left this world before you were even baptised, and your mother, exhausted by childbirth, followed soon after. Your father buried you both together under a weeping willow."
"ui_hcmode_died_reason_2","One day you were throwing stones with your pal Fritz, but hitting a tree didn't entertain him for long. The last words you ever heard were ""And this is how a trebuchet shoots!"""
"ui_hcmode_died_reason_3","The young miller's daughter like to take a shortcut in winter across the frozen fishpond. But once, the ice wasn't thick enough to bear her weight and you instinctively jumped in after her. You found her hand in the dark depths, but not the way back out. Only a hole in the ice marked your last step. "
"ui_hcmode_died_reason_4","It seemed so strangely quiet that evening, and when you went outdoors, you found out why. All your neighbours were standing there, motionless, carrying torches. You were never very popular."
"ui_hcmode_died_reason_5","Mama told you it was just a splinter and to stop making such a fuss. Only your foot hurt more and more and then you got cramps. After weeks of pain the quack came and tried to let the bad blood out of your veins, but to no avail. Soon after, the Grim Reaper came to take you away."
"ui_hcmode_died_reason_6","It began with a sore throat and fever, and ended with distraught parents and funeral bells. That year the scarlet fever took many young lives, not only yours."
"ui_hcmode_died_reason_7","Once, in autumn, you got caught in a great storm. By the time you found shelter, you were already soaked to the skin and shivering with the cold. The next day you had a terrible fever. A few days later, when they buried you, it was raining too."
"ui_hcmode_died_reason_8","One harvest the crops failed and a long winter followed. Supplies ran out and famine came. When Spring finally arrived, there were many new graves in the cemetery. One of them was yours."
"ui_hd_textures","HD Textures"
"ui_healing","Health"
"ui_help_currupted_save","This save has been manually modified and is now corrupted. You can delete it by $ui_reset;"
"ui_help_dice_add_s0100","Extended Dice Rules"
"ui_help_dice_add_s0200","<font color='#ffffff'>Some new scoring permutations have been added to the rules:<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Large Straight</font><br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_two.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_three.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_five.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_six.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 1500 points<br/>&nbsp;<br/><font color='#ffffff'>Small Straights</font><br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_two.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_three.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_five.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 500 points<br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_two.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_three.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_five.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_six.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 750 points<br/>&nbsp;<br/><font color='#ffffff'>Devil’s Head</font><br/>A new kind of dice with a devil’s head Joker instead of the one <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'>, which acts as a wild number in all possible dice combinations, e.g. <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 1000 points and <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'> is also worth 1000 points.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The drawback to the Devil’s Head die is it has no <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'> side, so the only scoring side it has on its own is <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_five.dds' width='22' height='22'>. The Joker side has no value of its own, only in combination with a number, so if you throw for example <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'> alone, you are bust."
"ui_help_dlc_all_s0100","<font color='#B8AE7E'>Treasures of the Past:</font> A legend has been circulating about stashes containing magnificent Warhorse armour. You can find more hints in your trunk."
"ui_help_dlc_all_s0200","<font color='#B8AE7E'>From the Ashes:</font> The long-abandoned village of Pribyslavitz awaits the return of bustling life. Wait for a suitable opportunity and go and see Sir Divish about it."
"ui_help_dlc_all_s0300","<font color='#B8AE7E'>Tournament!:</font> A combat tournament will soon be convened in Rattay. It's open to commoners, so even you can enrol if you like."
"ui_help_dlc_all_s0400","<font color='#B8AE7E'>The Amorous Adventures of Bold Sir Hans Capon:</font> The local dandy is fond of intrigues, especially when the fairer sex is involved. And it's only a matter of time before he drags you into one. "
"ui_help_dlc_all_s0500","<font color='#B8AE7E'>Band of Bastards:</font> The province hasn't been safe since the raid on Skalitz, and soon you can expect orders from Sir Radzig to ride out with a band of mercenaries to put things to rights."
"ui_help_dlc_all_s0600","<font color='#B8AE7E'>A Woman’s Lot:</font> You lost your home and family in Skalitz, but you are not alone. Theresa and Johanka encountered similar misfortune and fled too. Each tries in her own way to come to terms with her lot. "
"ui_help_dlc_all_s2000","If you want to know more, look at the DLC heading in the Main Menu, where you can find precise instructions for playing the DLC."
"ui_help_loadgame","You can load this save by $ui_accept; or delete by $ui_reset;"
"ui_help_modded_save","<font color='#B8AE7E'>This save has been modded. We can't guarantee its stability.</font>"
"ui_help_next_page","Next page"
"ui_help_pg_moding","Because you updated KCD to the latest version, all mods have been deactivated and moved to the folder mods_old. If you want to continue applying them, install their updates, which support the current version of KCD."
"ui_help_pg1_body01","Welcome to the Kingdom Come Deliverance Beta Access.<BR/>This build demonstrates our progress and gives you a chance to experience a consistent gameplay sample. However it is also still unfinished, some implementations are placeholders only, some gameplay elements are still missing. Expect bugs, performance issues, etc.<BR/>We are grateful for any feedback, comments and ideas you might have, please contact us at <font color='#B8AE7E'>info@warhorsestudios.cz</font> or on our forums <font color='#B8AE7E'>kingdomcomerpg.com</font>."
"ui_help_pg1_controls1","Move<br/>Walk/Run toggle<br/>Sprint/Unlock target<br/>Crouch<br/>Jump/Climb<br/>Call/Mount horse"
"ui_help_pg1_controls2","Slash/Shoot/Jab<br/>Stab/Hook<br/>Block/Parry<br/>Kick (in fistfight)<br/>Melee weapon/Torch (hold)<br/>Range weapon<br/>Surrender<br/>Lock target/Switch to next target<br/>Switch target/Unlock target (hold)<br/>Cancel strike/Cancel shoot"
"ui_help_pg1_controls3","Open Inventory<br/>Player stats<br/>Horse stats<br/>Quest Log<br/>Map<br/>Codex<br/>Skip time/Help"
"ui_help_pg1_controls4","Use/Talk /Pick up<br/>Menu/Skip"
"ui_help_pg1_controlsA","Movement"
"ui_help_pg1_controlsB","Combat"
"ui_help_pg1_controlsC","Inventory"
"ui_help_pg1_controlsD","Interact"
"ui_help_pg10_s0000","Alchemy"
"ui_help_pg10_s0100","Alchemy is a useful skill that transforms herbs and other ingredients into potions and remedies. In order to brew those, you need a knowledge of alchemy, a recipe, an alchemist’s bench and the necessary ingredients."
"ui_help_pg10_s0200","In the alchemist’s lab you will find on the right side of the bench a herbarium, which lists all the properties of herbs and all the recipes you have so far learnt. You open it with $use; and using $read_toggle; turn the pages to the recipe or plant description you want.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>It’s always best to follow the recipe in the book. By holding $use; on the recipe, you can also set all the necessary ingredients straight onto the alchemy bench."
"ui_help_pg10_s0300","The degree of difficulty of the brewing itself varies and each recipe requires a variable number of steps."
"ui_help_pg10_s0400","The first step is always to pour the potion base, which you will find on the shelf on your left. "
"ui_help_pg10_s0500","Then you add the ingredients to the cauldron from the shelf on the right."
"ui_help_pg10_s0600","The next step is to brew the mixture on the prescribed flame, which is regulated by means of the bellows $alch_use_bag; Sometimes it's enough just to warm it on a low heat, sometimes it has to be boiled, so you have to work the bellows until the mixture bubbles."
"ui_help_pg10_s0700","If the recipe demands it, you must take care to grind ingredients using the mortar and pestle. You can use the dish next to the mortar and pestle to prepare these ingredients."
"ui_help_pg10_s0800","You must carefully time how long you brew the potion using the sand-glass $alch_use_sandglass;"
"ui_help_pg10_s0900","The brewed potion can then be poured directly from the cauldron into the phial, or passed through the distiller."
"ui_help_pg10_s1000","The recipe steps must be adhered to precisely – if you deviate too much from them, the potion will fail, you’ll lose all your ingredients and the whole brewing process will have to be repeated."
"ui_help_pg12_s0000","Combat Advanced"
"ui_help_pg12_s3000","The basis of every combat system is  <font color='#ffffff'>movement</font>, <font color='#ffffff'>rapid reactions</font> a <font color='#ffffff'>correct timing</font>. If you master these three things, you'll rule the combat arena."
"ui_help_pg12_s3100","You can slash with your weapon from any of five directions using $combat_zone_mouse_y;and  $combat_zone_mouse_x; Stabbing can be aimed at the face <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor0.dds' width='80' height='70'></p><br/>or the body <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor1.dds' width='80' height='70'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor2.dds' width='80' height='70'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor3.dds' width='80' height='70'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor4.dds' width='80' height='70'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor5.dds' width='80' height='70'></p><br/>An opponent will less effectively block strikes to the side where he's not holding his sword or shield. After each strike, the attack zone changes to the next one in line, but you can attack from a different side by changing the direction before finishing the strike."
"ui_help_pg12_s3100_c","You can slash with your weapon from any of five directions using $xi_lock_cursor_help;. Stabbing can be aimed at the face<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor0.dds' width='80' height='70'></p><br/> or the body <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor1.dds' width='80' height='70'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor2.dds' width='80' height='70'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor3.dds' width='80' height='70'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor4.dds' width='80' height='70'></p><br/>An opponent will less effectively block strikes to the side where he's not holding his sword or shield. After each strike, the attack zone changes to the next one in line, but you can attack from a different side by changing the direction before finishing the strike."
"ui_help_pg12_s3100_c_hc","You can slash with your weapon from any of five directions using $xi_lock_cursor_help; Stabbing can be aimed at the face or body.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>An opponent will less effectively block strikes to the side where he's not holding his sword or shield. After each strike, the attack zone changes to the next one in line, but you can attack from a different side by changing the direction before finishing the strike."
"ui_help_pg12_s3100_hc","You can slash with your weapon from any of five directions using $combat_zone_mouse_y;and  $combat_zone_mouse_x;. Stabbing can be aimed at the face or body.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>An opponent will less effectively block strikes to the side where he's not holding his sword or shield. After each strike, the attack zone changes to the next one in line, but you can attack from a different side by changing the direction before finishing the strike."
"ui_help_pg12_s3110","Directed Strikes"
"ui_help_pg12_s3200","Each blow will wound the body part it lands on, depending on the armour protecting it.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Each strike involves two forces: the primary one, depending on the type of weapon and the strike (slash or stab), and the second the physical blow (blunt).<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The weapon description will tell you the strength that the sword, axe or other weapon has in the given category. Sharp weapons (slashing and stabbing) are best against weak or no armour, while chain mail is resistant to such weapons and plate armour is near impossible to cut or stab through: the best weapons against these are heavy blunt weapons, such as maces, war hammers and axes."
"ui_help_pg12_s3210","Wounds"
"ui_help_pg12_s3300","Timing is an important part of combat.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can hold a block and fend off standard strikes, but it will cost you a lot of Stamina and you'll be letting your opponent take the initiative.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Try pressing $block; right into the opponent's strike, just when the green shield lights up!<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursorPerfectblock.dds' width='79' height='74'></p><br/>After a perfect block, you can riposte with $attack1_mouse; $attack2; A riposte, in turn, can only be fended off by a perfect block! A perfect block costs you no Stamina. You can chain perfect blocks and ripostes one after the other until landing a blow."
"ui_help_pg12_s3300_c","Timing is an important part of combat.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can hold a block and fend off standard strikes, but it will cost you a lot of Stamina and you'll be letting your opponent take the initiative.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Try pressing $block; right into the opponent's strike, just when the green shield lights up!<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursorPerfectblock.dds' width='79' height='74'></p><br/>After a perfect block, you can riposte with $attack1; $attack2;. A riposte, in turn, can only be fended off by a perfect block! A perfect block costs you no Stamina. You can chain perfect blocks and ripostes one after the other until landing a blow."
"ui_help_pg12_s3300_c_hc","Timing is an important part of combat.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can hold a block and fend off standard strikes, but it will cost you a lot of stamina and you'll be letting your opponent take the initiative.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Try pressing $block; right into the opponent's strike!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>After a perfect block, you can riposte with $attack1_mouse; $attack2;. A riposte, in turn, can only be fended off by a perfect block! A perfect block costs you no stamina. You can chain perfect blocks and ripostes one after the other until landing a blow."
"ui_help_pg12_s3300_hc","Timing is an important part of combat.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can hold a block and fend off standard strikes, but it will cost you a lot of stamina and you'll be letting your opponent take the initiative.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Try pressing $block; right into the opponent's strike!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>After a perfect block, you can riposte with $attack1_mouse; $attack2;. A riposte, in turn, can only be fended off by a perfect block! A perfect block costs you no stamina. You can chain perfect blocks and ripostes one after the other until landing a blow."
"ui_help_pg12_s3310","Timing and Perfect Blocks"
"ui_help_pg12_s4000","Move around a lot. Standing still will make you an easy target!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Attack from the side your opponent least expects! If his sword has to pass through a long swing, he has a lesser chance of a perfect block.<br/>&nbsp;<br/><font color='#ffffff'>Combo</font> is a sequence of strikes, chained one after another: the next attack comes right after the previous one lands or is blocked. You can learn special techniques that you call up by the correct sequence of strikes.<br/>&nbsp;<br/><font color='#ffffff'>Feint</font> is a strike from a direction the opponent wasn't expecting. Draw back, but don't attack; quickly change zone and release the attack - you'll slash at a different place than your opponent was expecting. A feint can only be fended off by a perfect block.<br/>&nbsp;<br/><font color='#ffffff'>Dodge</font> is stepping aside by moving to the side or back just at the moment you could otherwise use a perfect block. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Dodge and perfect block work against any attack from in front. If you're fighting with one opponent and another one attacks, you can use a perfect block to stop the first and aim the riposte at the second."
"ui_help_pg13_s0000","Horse-riding"
"ui_help_pg13_s0010","$call_horse; You can call your horse anytime by whistling, and then mount it."
"ui_help_pg13_s0100","Movement:"
"ui_help_pg13_s0200","$moveforward;$moveleft;$moveback;$moveright; Trot is the horse's basic pace."
"ui_help_pg13_s0200_c","$xi_move_help; Trot is the default speed of a horse."
"ui_help_pg13_s0300","$toggle_run; Walk gives your horse a chance to recover."
"ui_help_pg13_s0400","$moveforward; <font color='#ffffff'>+</font> $horse_sprint; Canter ideally combines a faster pace with the horse's endurance."
"ui_help_pg13_s0400_c","$xi_move_help; <font color='#ffffff'>+</font> $horse_sprint; Canter ideally combines speed and Stamina."
"ui_help_pg13_s0500","$moveforward; <font color='#ffffff'>+</font> $horse_sprint;$horse_sprint; Gallop is the fastest gait, but it will soon deplete your horse's Stamina."
"ui_help_pg13_s0500_c","$xi_move_help; <font color='#ffffff'>+</font> $horse_sprint;$horse_sprint; Gallop is fastest, but also drains the horse's Stamina faster."
"ui_help_pg13_s0600","Following a path:"
"ui_help_pg13_s0700","$horse_sprint; Your horse is smarter than some people and will stick to the path you're on if you give him his head. Just begin cantering and don't steer him."
"ui_help_pg13_s1000","Your horse's Stamina indicator. It will deplete when galloping. If you try to push your horse when its Stamina is low, it may throw you."
"ui_help_pg13_s1000_hc","Your horse's stamina will deplete when galloping. If you spur your horse on when it has no stamina, it may throw you."
"ui_help_pg13_s1100","Galloping can be exhausting and can deplete your Stamina too, especially if you're not an experienced horseman. "
"ui_help_pg14_s0000","Hardcore Mode"
"ui_help_pg14_s1100","Saving"
"ui_help_pg14_s1110","There's no autosave in Hardcore Mode - you can only save the game by drinking Saviour Schnapps, sleeping in your own bed, getting full service in a bathhouse or on exit from the game."
"ui_help_pg14_s1200","Map and Navigation"
"ui_help_pg14_s1210","Henry's position is not shown on the map and there are no points on the compass. Waypoints are shown on the compass, but only when you get close enough. Fast Travel is not possible in Hardcore Mode."
"ui_help_pg14_s1300","Combat"
"ui_help_pg14_s1310","Duels are more realistic, attacks have greater impact and engaging without quality armour with an experienced foe is always very risky. Fighting more than one foe at a time is also more dangerous, because they will take greater advantage of their numbers.<br/>The cursor has no direction points or block indicator in combat. You can only time blocks and dodges by carefully watching your opponent's moves."
"ui_help_pg14_s1400","Survival"
"ui_help_pg14_s1410","Your current health and stamina are indicated only by the in-game effects you see. Sleep is the best cure. You can also make use of health potions and food, but they take longer to take effect in Hardcore Mode. You can't fill yourself by eating from one of the pots dotted around the world, so you really have to get your own food. "
"ui_help_pg14_s1500","Money and Equipment"
"ui_help_pg14_s1510","Traders pay less when buying items and monetary rewards in general are lower, while on the contrary, extensive repairs are more costly and the drawbacks of using damaged equipment are more serious, so it really makes sense to keep your equipment well-maintained."
"ui_help_pg15_s0000","You survived!"
"ui_help_pg15_s1000","Medieval life is full of uncertainty and woes. Spring gives way to winter and the years have borne away your carefree youth. Neither have you escaped the blows of Fate. Like every man judged by God, you too have your cross to bear."
"ui_help_pg15_s2000","Select at least two negative perks that will stay with you for the whole game."
"ui_help_pg16_s0000","Dog"
"ui_help_pg16_s1000","From this moment on, you have a canine companion. He's your best friend, who will protect and help you. But you must take good care of him! You can talk to him and feed him (ideally with meat), give him commands and reward him with praise.<br/> <br/>With the cursor you can give him all sorts of commands using $request_dog^; e.g. Heel!"
"ui_help_pg16_s2000","You also have the new skill of <font color='#ffffff'>Houndmaster</font>. It determines how well your dog is trained and what commands you've taught him. You gain experience by using the commands and other interactions with your four-legged friend."
"ui_help_pg16_s3000","In the <font color='#ffffff'>Sidekicks</font> tab you can see the stats, the most important of which is <font color='#ffffff'>Obedience</font> It tells you whether your dog obeys you or not. Its level will keep falling with every injury and also if you neglect your dog for a long time."
"ui_help_pg16_s4000","If Obedience falls too low, your dog will stop heeding some of your commands. If it falls to zero, your dog will run off and it will take some time before he comes back to you. During that time, you won't be able to give him commands.<br/> <br/>The higher his Obedience, the better stats the dog has. He will defend himself and you better, cause greater damage to foes and it will take longer before he decides to run off again.<br/> <br/>You can improve your dog's Obedience mainly by feeding and praising him, but doing it several times in succession over a short period is less effective than feeding and praising him regularly. "
"ui_help_pg2_s0000","HUD"
"ui_help_pg2_s0100","Notifies you of any change in your characteristics or skills. Detailed information can then be seen in the Player tab by hitting $ui_toggle_player;"
"ui_help_pg2_s0100_c","Notifies you of any change in your characteristics or skills. Detailed information can then be seen in the Player tab."
"ui_help_pg2_s0200","Notification that you've accepted, made progress in, or carried out a task. Details can then be found in the Quests tab $ui_toggle_quest;."
"ui_help_pg2_s0200_c","Notification that you've accepted, made progress in, or carried out a task. Details can then be found in the Quests tab."
"ui_help_pg2_s0300","If you discover an important new place in the world or a new gameplay situation, you will be notified here. You can then find detailed information in the Codex $ui_toggle_codex;."
"ui_help_pg2_s0300_c","If you discover an important new place in the world or a new gameplay situation, you will be notified here. You can then find detailed information in the Codex."
"ui_help_pg2_s0400","Miscellaneous important tips"
"ui_help_pg2_s0500","Here you'll be notified that someone gave you or got from you an item during the dialogue."
"ui_help_pg2_s0600","The compass is your basic guide to the world. It shows you waypoints for completing quests, places of interest nearby and points you select on the map. You can set what you want to be shown on it in the Map $ui_toggle_map; by going to the settings $ui_confirm; The more distant you are from a place, the smaller and more translucent will its icon be."
"ui_help_pg2_s0600_c","The compass is your basic guide to the world. It shows you waypoints for completing quests, places of interest nearby and points you select on the map. You can set what you want to be shown on it in the Map $ui_open_map; by going to the settings $ui_confirm; The more distant you are from a place, the smaller and more translucent will its icon be."
"ui_help_pg2_s0600_hc","The compass helps you find your way around and shows points of interest in your vicinity, and when you're approaching a quest waypoint, it's also displayed on the compass. "
"ui_help_pg2_s0610","Notification that you that you're in the vicinity of what you're searching for."
"ui_help_pg2_s0700","Indicates if you're wanted in the area for a crime and what penalty you face - fine or jail."
"ui_help_pg2_s0800","Indicates you're in combat or someone is pursuing you."
"ui_help_pg2_s0900","Indicates you're trespassing."
"ui_help_pg2_s1000","Health (red indicator) and Stamina (yellow indicator). Beware! Your maximum Stamina is limited not only by Health, but also by Hunger and Tiredness."
"ui_help_pg2_s1100","Icons notifying you of various effects, whether bad - like wounds, bleeding, Tiredness or Hunger, or good - like increased Charisma, effects of potions or the launch of a perk."
"ui_help_pg2_s1200","Here you are shown how you can interact with people nearby. If the person is important, you will see his or her name."
"ui_help_pg23_s0000","The game is still downloading. You have to wait before continuing gameplay. Meanwhile, you can have a stroll around the village - Father will wait a while. Or you can save your progress and continue later."
"ui_help_pg27_s0000","Congratulations! You've completed the main storyline. If you like, you can still embark on side quests and activities or just wander the world. You can end the game anytime afterwards by riding off the map with Sir Hans Capon's squad."
"ui_help_pg3_s0000","Combat"
"ui_help_pg3_s0001","Armed Combat"
"ui_help_pg3_s0002","Unarmed Combat  "
"ui_help_pg3_s0100","Slash: strong, slower strike with weapon<br/>Hook: strong, slower hand strike to the head (unarmed combat)<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Stab: faster, weaker weapon strike<br/>Jab: direct hand blow to the face (unarmed combat)<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Kick: kicks opponent away (unarmed combat)<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Lock on opponent/Switch to next opponent<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Unlock<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Block: raises and holds weapon in defence"
"ui_help_pg3_s0101","Slash: strong, slower strike with weapon<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Stab: faster, weaker weapon strike<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Lock on opponent / Switch to next opponent<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Unlock<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Block: raises and holds weapon in defence"
"ui_help_pg3_s0102","Hook: strong, slower hand strike to the head<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Jab: direct hand blow to the face<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Kick: kicks opponent away<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Lock on opponent/Switch to next opponent<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Unlock<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Block: raises and holds hands in defence"
"ui_help_pg3_s1000","<font color='#ffffff'>Stamina</font><br/>If an opponent's strike hits your armour or you block it, it will cost you Stamina. When your Stamina is completely depleted, you won't be able to defend yourself and will be wounded. Attacking will also deplete your Stamina, especially when wielding a heavy weapon."
"ui_help_pg3_s1000_hc","<font color='#ffffff'>Stamina</font><br/>Enemy strikes that hit your armour or that you block will deplete your stamina. When it's completely depleted, you won't be able to defend yourself effectively and you'll get wounded. Your attacks cost you stamina too - the heavier the weapon, the more stamina. You'll know your stamina is depleted from Henry's heavy breathing and the blue tint of the screen."
"ui_help_pg3_s1100","<font color='#ffffff'>Health</font><br/>If you cover yourself badly and your armour is weak, strikes will wound you. Heavy wounds will lead to bleeding, and bleeding will lead to death. The more your Health is depleted, the lower your maximum Stamina."
"ui_help_pg3_s1100_hc","Health loss is shown by bloodspots on the screen."
"ui_help_pg3_s1200","<font color='#ffffff'>Opponent</font><br/>This indicator shows roughly how much Health your opponent has left. The more wounded he is, the slower he'll attack and react. When the end is near, he may either try to flee or surrender."
"ui_help_pg3_s1200_hc","<font color='#ffffff'>Adversary</font><br/>You can tell how much health your adversary has left from how bloody he is and how he behaves in combat. The more wounded he is, the slower his attacks and reactions. When his end is near, he may try to run away or surrender."
"ui_help_pg3_s1300","<font color='#ffffff'>Your wounds</font><br/>Icons that notify where you're wounded and if you're bleeding."
"ui_help_pg3_s2000","Choose attack direction using $combat_zone_mouse_y;and  $combat_zone_mouse_x;"
"ui_help_pg3_s2000_c","Choose attack direction using $xi_lock_cursor_help;"
"ui_help_pg3_s2100","You can't attack from a greyed-out direction."
"ui_help_pg4_s0000","Persuasion"
"ui_help_pg4_s0100","Sometimes you need powers of persuasion to achieve your goals. When talking to people, you can often choose what kind of impression you want to make on them."
"ui_help_pg4_s0200","You can sometimes rely on money to do the talking for you. You just have to agree on a persuasive sum. Bribing people works in the same way as shopping (see Trade and Haggling)."
"ui_help_pg4_s0300","You can simply use Speech, which, however, is influenced by the reputation you have at that moment with the person you’re talking to."
"ui_help_pg4_s0400","In the middle ages, social status was paramount, so the quality of your attire and how well-groomed you are, together with your reputation, can make a big difference to how people respond to you."
"ui_help_pg4_s0500","If you look dangerous, people will be afraid to cross you and will also be more willing to assign risky tasks to you. That's influenced mainly by your Strength and the deterrent effect of your weapons and equipment, but other things are also taken into account, such as blood stains on your clothes."
"ui_help_pg4_s0600","In special cases, you can try any other skill, e.g. Horsemanship."
"ui_help_pg4_s0700","It's not only the manner of persuasion that's important, but also the specific offer, because sometimes it's not enough just to choose according to your highest characteristics. You have to really read what you're going to say!"
"ui_help_pg4_s0800","But different approaches work on different people. You won’t intimidate a tough brawler easily and no matter how well you dress, you won't impress the nobility easily. That's because Henry’s abilities aren’t simply assigned a universal value, but compared with the abilities of his counterpart. You can see the values of the various abilities in the game under the corresponding icons. You can always see your own abilities. Your counterparts’ abilities are visible to you if it's someone you know well or if you're skilled at reading people (learned the perk Empathetic).
"
"ui_help_pg4_s0900","Your money"
"ui_help_pg4_s1000","The amount you have to pay"
"ui_help_pg4_s1100","Total Speech skill level"
"ui_help_pg4_s1200","Total Charisma skill level"
"ui_help_pg4_s1300","Total Strength skill level"
"ui_help_pg4_s1400","Courage level, i.e. how sure of yourself you are in the situation.<br/>Courage primarily affects your ability to persuade using strength."
"ui_help_pg4_s1500","The level of your reputation with your counterpart."
"ui_help_pg4_s1600","It's not just about stats though: the outcome is influenced by other factors, e.g. your reputation, whether you're dirty or bleeding etc. If you can't outdo the nimble tongue of a merchant, for example, you may want to poison him a little first and then he will be easier to persuade. Or if you lead a guard away from his friends, he'll be easier to scare."
"ui_help_pg5_s0000","Dice "
"ui_help_pg5_s0100","If you want to try your hand at gambling, it’s possible to play the dice game of Farkle in every respectable tavern.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> The goal of this two-player game is to be the first to reach a certain number of points. Six dice are thrown and the players alternate turns. Points are gained for every one or five thrown, and for three or more of a kind of any other number. Scoring is as follows:<br/>&nbsp;<br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 100 points;<br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_five.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 50 points;<br/> three of a kind is worth 100 points multiplied by the given number, e.g.<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 400 points;<br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22' ><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 1000 points;<br/> four or more of a kind is worth double the points of three of a kind, so <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 800 points, <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 1600 points etc.<br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_two.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_three.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_five.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_six.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 1500 points;
<br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_two.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_three.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_five.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 500 points;
<br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_two.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_three.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_four.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_five.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_six.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 750 points;"
"ui_help_pg5_s0200","A player's turn always begins by throwing all six dice. The player then uses $dice_hold; to select and set aside scoring dice, and at least one die must always be set aside. Then the player can throw the remaining dice again using $dice_score; and the situation repeats. Scoring combinations are counted for present throw, not the entire turn.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The key element of the game is that if a throw does not produce a single scoring die, then the player's turn is over and all points gained up to that point during the turn are lost. It is then the opposing player's turn to throw.  Therefore, it is advisable to end your turn using  $dice_pass; before there is a significant increase in the chance that not a single die will score. It is also often worth not removing all scoring dice so that you will have a better chance of scoring higher on the next throw.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>And since every player throws his own dice, there is also an opportunity to cheat. But it is more difficult to find loaded dice..<br/>&nbsp;<br/><font color='#ffffff'>The Devil’s Head</font> is set of a dice with a Joker<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'> instead of the one, which acts as a wild number in combination with any other number, e.g. <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_one.dds' width='22' height='22'> is worth 1000 points. <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/dice_devil.dds' width='22' height='22'> On its own though, the Joker has no value, so if all the dice thrown are Jokers, the player busts. "
"ui_help_pg5_s0300","The target number of points you have to get."
"ui_help_pg5_s0400","The points you've gained so far."
"ui_help_pg5_s0500","Sub-total for the round."
"ui_help_pg5_s0600","Total value of the dice just marked."
"ui_help_pg5_s0700","Opponent's tab"
"ui_help_pg5_s0800","Your tab"
"ui_help_pg6_s0000","Haggling"
"ui_help_pg6_s0100","Haggling works both ways – whether you want to buy cheap or sell dear.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You select the amount you want to pay or get $ui_up; and $ui_down; and confirm with $use;. The trader will then respond to your offer. If the answer is a refusal, he or she will make a counter-offer and wait for your response."
"ui_help_pg6_s0100_c","Haggling works both ways – whether you want to buy cheap or sell dear.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You select the amount you want you want to pay or get with $ui_dp_up; a $ui_dp_down; and confirm with $use;. The trader will then respond to your offer. If the answer is a refusal, he or she will make a counter-offer and wait for your response."
"ui_help_pg6_s0200","Dragging out the haggling with one offer after another will gradually try the trader’s patience and eventually they’ll drop the haggling completely. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can see how close you’re getting to that point from the trader icon below the bar: the more gold there is in the background, the closer the trader is to dropping the haggling.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Every unsuccessful bout of haggling lowers your reputation with the trader."
"ui_help_pg6_s0300","If the slider can't be moved in one direction or the other, it means either you or the trader does not have enough money."
"ui_help_pg6_s0400","Your money"
"ui_help_pg6_s0500","Room to tip or give a discount on the usual price. Good for bettering your reputation with the trader."
"ui_help_pg6_s0600","Original purchase price"
"ui_help_pg6_s0700","Trader's last offer"
"ui_help_pg6_s0800","Your current offer"
"ui_help_pg6_s0900","Your last offer not accepted by the trader"
"ui_help_pg7_s0000","Lockpicking"
"ui_help_pg7_s0100","In order to pick locks, you must have at least one lockpick in your inventory, although it’s better to have one or two spares, since they get worn with use and in the worst case can break. You start the actual lockpicking process by holding $use; on the lock. You will then see a diagram of the lock mechanism, in which you have to find the right spot to insert the lockpick. "
"ui_help_pg7_s0200","If you try to turn the mechanism without having the lockpick in the correct position, the mechanism will stick, which will damage the lockpick or even break it. Any damage to the lockpick will produce a noise, which can draw unwanted attention, and breaking it will cause an even louder snap."
"ui_help_pg7_s0300","How close you are to the sweet spot is indicated by the size of the cursor, and it turns gold when you find it."
"ui_help_pg7_s0400","Then you have to use the lockpick $lock_dir_fwd; to turn the whole lock mechanism. At the same time, you have to coordinate the movement of the lockpick with the rotation of the mechanism, because the rotation shifts the position of the sweet spot."
"ui_help_pg7_s0400_c","Then you have to use the lockpick $xi_lock_dir_help; to turn the whole lock mechanism. At the same time, you have to coordinate the movement of the lockpick with the rotation of the mechanism, because the rotation shifts the position of the sweet spot."
"ui_help_pg8_s0000","Honing"
"ui_help_pg8_s0100","If you want to maintain bladed weapons, you can save your repair kit and hone it yourself on a grindstone, which you can find at every smithy. Just approach the grindstone, start the process $use; and select from the list which weapon you want to hone."
"ui_help_pg8_s0200","The weapon must be honed along the whole length of the blade: you select which part using $sword_position;"
"ui_help_pg8_s0200_c","The weapon must be honed along the whole length of the blade: you select which part using $xi_sword_position_r;"
"ui_help_pg8_s0300","The blade must be held at the correct angle to the grindstone. If the angle is too shallow, the edge won’t be sharpened; if it’s too steep, you can dull the blade. You control the angle using $sword_rotation;"
"ui_help_pg8_s0300_c","The blade must be held at the correct angle to the grindstone. If the angle is too shallow, the edge won’t be sharpened; if it’s too steep, you can dull the blade. You control the angle using $xi_sword_rotation;"
"ui_help_pg8_s0400","You have to keep the grindstone turning using $xi_pedaling;<br/>You must also exert the correct pressure to make sure you hone the edge at all (pressing also depletes your Stamina). To press use $sword_pressure_up; and to release use $sword_pressure_down; <br/>You can recognise correct honing by flying sparks, whereas black smoke coming from under the blade tells you you’re damaging it. A well-honed blade is smooth and shiny."
"ui_help_pg8_s0400_c","You have to keep the grindstone turning using $xi_pedaling;<br/>You must also exert the correct pressure to make sure you hone the edge at all (pressing also depletes your Stamina). To press use $xi_sword_pressure;<br/>You can recognise correct honing by flying sparks, whereas black smoke coming from under the blade tells you you’re damaging it. <br/>A well-honed blade is smooth and shiny"
"ui_help_pg9_s0000","Pickpocketing"
"ui_help_pg9_s0100","Picking pockets is no joking matter. If you're caught with your fingers in someone else's purse, either by the victim or by a witness, they'll raise the alarm and you'll be pursued as a thief. In order to rob someone successfully, you first have to sneak up on them unnoticed and then by holding $use; begin pickpocketing.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The first step is to grope around inside the purse by holding $use; That's not easy, especially if your victim is on the move. The longer you can grope, the more time you will then have to select what you want."
"ui_help_pg9_s0110","In order to then steal, you have to exceed the minimum time for groping, which you will recognise by the background of the rose changing colour from red to green."
"ui_help_pg9_s0120","The amount of time you have left for the second stage of stealing is shown by the number in the middle of the rosette.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Keep a close eye on the colour of the rosette: when it's light green, your victim has no chance of catching you, but as it starts to get darker and turn red, your chances of getting caught in the act increase. "
"ui_help_pg9_s0200","The place where you are stealing."
"ui_help_pg9_s0300","Here is some item you have groped out. You can find out what it is using $use;<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Then by pressing $use; again, you can steal it."
"ui_help_pg9_s0400","Here you've dipped your hand into someone's purse and you have to get it out with the loot before your time is up and you're caught."
"ui_help_pg9_s0500","The time that remains before you're caught. You determined how long it is by the time you spent groping."
"ui_help_pg9_s0600","The item you've just stolen."
"ui_help_pg9_s0700","The time you'll lose if you decide to steal the item in question. Depends mainly on the weight of the item."
"ui_help_pg9_s0800","If you're an experienced pickpocket and expert on items (you've fully learned the Item Expert perk), you can also see the properties of the stolen item. "
"ui_helpbar_alchemy","$ui_accept; Select $ui_confirm; Item info"
"ui_High","High"
"ui_hint_dice_continue","Score and roll again"
"ui_hint_dice_exit","Quit"
"ui_hint_dice_hold","Hold die"
"ui_hint_dice_pass","Pass"
"ui_hint_dice_score_pass","Score and pass"
"ui_hint_helpscreen","Help"
"ui_hint_transcription_skip","Skip"
"ui_hold","Hold"
"ui_horse_overloaded","Your horse can't carry any more!"
"ui_HostLan","Host Server"
"ui_HostLanTT","Host multiplayer server."
"ui_hostLevel","Select level for Multiplayer"
"ui_HostMpTitle","Host Multiplayer server"
"ui_hour","hour"
"ui_hours","hours"
"ui_hud_action_fix_broken_leg","Set leg"
"ui_hud_action_give_cure","Administer potion"
"ui_hud_action_inspect_wound","Look"
"ui_hud_lp_fail","Lockpicking attempt failed"
"ui_hud_lp_success","Unlocked"
"ui_chance","Chance"
"ui_ChangeProfile","Change Profile"
"ui_ChangeProfileConfirm","Are you sure you want to change profile?"
"ui_ChangeProfileLostConfirm","Are you sure you want to change profile and lose progress?"
"ui_charisma","Charisma"
"ui_chineses","中文"
"ui_ignore","Ignore"
"ui_in_dog_mode_d","Your dog is presently carrying out this long-term command."
"ui_input_PC","PC"
"ui_input_PS","PS"
"ui_input_XBOX","XBOX"
"ui_InputDevice","Input device"
"ui_InputDeviceTT","Changes UI Help"
"ui_InvertController","Invert vertical axis"
"ui_InvertControllerTT","Inverts $xi_zone_help; Y axis."
"ui_InvertMouse","Invert mouse"
"ui_InvertMouseCombat","Invert Mouse in Combat"
"ui_InvertMouseCombatTT","Inverts mouse Y-axis when controlling combat rose."
"ui_InvertMouseTT","Inverts mouse Y axis."
"ui_investigate","Investigate"
"ui_invhint_apply","Apply"
"ui_invhint_cancel","Cancel"
"ui_invhint_close_deal","Close the deal"
"ui_invhint_confirm","Confirm delivery"
"ui_invhint_confirm_selection","Confirm"
"ui_invhint_deliver","Deliver"
"ui_invhint_drop","Drop"
"ui_invhint_eat","Eat"
"ui_invhint_equip","Equip"
"ui_invhint_exit","Exit"
"ui_invhint_fullscreen","Fullscreen"
"ui_invhint_fullscreen_quit","Quit Fullscreen"
"ui_invhint_haggle","Haggle"
"ui_invhint_hold","Hold"
"ui_invhint_check_basket","Check Basket"
"ui_invhint_checkpoint","Marker"
"ui_invhint_info","Info"
"ui_invhint_item_info","Item Info"
"ui_invhint_learn","Learn"
"ui_invhint_move","Move"
"ui_invhint_move_all","Move all"
"ui_invhint_move_horse","Move to Horse"
"ui_invhint_move_inv","Move to Inventory"
"ui_invhint_read","Read"
"ui_invhint_remove","Remove"
"ui_invhint_scroll_info","Scroll page"
"ui_invhint_select","Select"
"ui_invhint_select_all","Select all"
"ui_invhint_show_less","Show less"
"ui_invhint_show_more","Show more"
"ui_invhint_skip","Skip time"
"ui_invhint_sort","Sort"
"ui_invhint_steal","Steal"
"ui_invhint_steal_all","Steal all"
"ui_invhint_subtabs","sub-tabs"
"ui_invhint_tabs","Cycle tabs"
"ui_invhint_take","Take"
"ui_invhint_take_all","Take all"
"ui_invhint_take_back","Take back"
"ui_invhint_to_basket","Add to Basket"
"ui_invhint_toggle_diary","Toggle Quest Log"
"ui_invhint_toggle_map","Map"
"ui_invhint_track","Show"
"ui_invhint_travel","Fast travel"
"ui_invhint_use","Use"
"ui_invhint_zoom","Zoom"
"ui_italian","Italiano"
"ui_Japanese","日本語"
"ui_JoinLan","Join server"
"ui_JoinLanTT","Join multiplayer server."
"ui_JoinMpBtn","Join"
"ui_JoinMpBtnTT","Join server."
"ui_JoinMpTitle","Join Multiplayer game"
"ui_key_0","0"
"ui_key_1","1"
"ui_key_2","2"
"ui_key_3","3"
"ui_key_4","4"
"ui_key_5","5"
"ui_key_6","6"
"ui_key_7","7"
"ui_key_8","8"
"ui_key_9","9"
"ui_key_backspace","Backsp."
"ui_key_capslock","Caps L."
"ui_key_delete","Delete"
"ui_key_down","Down"
"ui_key_end","End"
"ui_key_enter","Enter"
"ui_key_escape","Esc"
"ui_key_f1","F1"
"ui_key_f10","F10"
"ui_key_f11","F11"
"ui_key_f12","F12"
"ui_key_f13","F13"
"ui_key_f14","F14"
"ui_key_f15","F15"
"ui_key_f2","F2"
"ui_key_f3","F3"
"ui_key_f4","F4"
"ui_key_f5","F5"
"ui_key_f6","F6"
"ui_key_f7","F7"
"ui_key_f8","F8"
"ui_key_f9","F9"
"ui_key_home","Home"
"ui_key_insert","Insert"
"ui_key_lalt","L Alt"
"ui_key_lctrl","L Ctrl"
"ui_key_left","Left"
"ui_key_lshift","L Shift"
"ui_key_mouse1","Mouse Left"
"ui_key_mouse2","Mouse Right"
"ui_key_mouse3","Mouse 3"
"ui_key_mouse4","Mouse 4"
"ui_key_mouse5","Mouse 5"
"ui_key_mouse6","Mouse 6"
"ui_key_mouse7","Mouse 7"
"ui_key_mwheel_down","Wheel Down"
"ui_key_mwheel_up","Wheel Up"
"ui_key_np_0","N 0"
"ui_key_np_1","N 1"
"ui_key_np_2","N 2"
"ui_key_np_3","N 3"
"ui_key_np_4","N 4"
"ui_key_np_5","N 5"
"ui_key_np_6","N 6"
"ui_key_np_7","N 7"
"ui_key_np_8","N 8"
"ui_key_np_9","N 9"
"ui_key_np_add","N +"
"ui_key_np_divide","N /"
"ui_key_np_enter","N Enter"
"ui_key_np_multiply","N *"
"ui_key_np_period","N ."
"ui_key_np_subtract","N -"
"ui_key_numlock","Num L."
"ui_key_pause","Pause"
"ui_key_pgdn","P Down"
"ui_key_pgup","P Up"
"ui_key_print","Print"
"ui_key_ralt","R Alt"
"ui_key_rctrl","R Ctrl"
"ui_key_right","Right"
"ui_key_rshift","R Shift"
"ui_key_scrolllock","Scroll L."
"ui_key_space","Space"
"ui_key_tab","Tab"
"ui_key_up","Up"
"ui_keybinds_abort_attack","Abort attack"
"ui_keybinds_abort_attack_desc","When holding button for primary or secondary attack, pressing this will abort the attack action."
"ui_keybinds_abort_attack_toolti","When holding button for primary or secondary attack, pressing this will abort the attack action."
"ui_keybinds_back","Abort/Exit"
"ui_keybinds_block","Block"
"ui_keybinds_codex","Open Codex"
"ui_keybinds_companion","Companions"
"ui_keybinds_cycle_tabs","Cycle tabs"
"ui_keybinds_cycle_tabs_desc","Opens next tab in Inventory."
"ui_keybinds_down","Back"
"ui_keybinds_group_combat","Combat"
"ui_keybinds_group_general","General"
"ui_keybinds_group_inventory","Inventory"
"ui_keybinds_group_movement","Movement"
"ui_keybinds_group_other","Other"
"ui_keybinds_group_ui","User Interface"
"ui_keybinds_horse","Horse"
"ui_keybinds_inventory","Open Inventory"
"ui_keybinds_jump","Jump"
"ui_keybinds_left","Left"
"ui_keybinds_map","Open Map"
"ui_keybinds_map_center","Centre map"
"ui_keybinds_move_item","Move item"
"ui_keybinds_move_item_desc","Moves item between Player and Horse inventories, hold to drop item from inventory."
"ui_keybinds_next_opponent","Next opponent"
"ui_keybinds_opponent_lock","Lock on opponent"
"ui_keybinds_physical_attack","Special attack"
"ui_keybinds_physical_attack_desc","Executes kick in clinch or fistfight, mercy kill when enemy is dying, tackle when chasing down enemy, stealth kill/takedown in stealth."
"ui_keybinds_player","Open Player tab"
"ui_keybinds_previous_opponent","Previous opponent"
"ui_keybinds_primary_action","Accept/Use"
"ui_keybinds_primary_attack","Primary attack"
"ui_keybinds_primary_weapon","Draw melee weapon"
"ui_keybinds_quest_log","Open Quest Log"
"ui_keybinds_reset_alchemy","Reset alchemy bench"
"ui_keybinds_right","Right"
"ui_keybinds_rotate_left","Rotate left"
"ui_keybinds_rotate_right","Rotate right"
"ui_keybinds_screenshot","Take screenshot"
"ui_keybinds_secondary_action","Secondary minigame action"
"ui_keybinds_secondary_attack","Secondary attack"
"ui_keybinds_secondary_weapon","Draw range weapon"
"ui_keybinds_sharpen_pressure_de","Decrease sharpening pressure"
"ui_keybinds_sharpen_pressure_in","Increase sharpening pressure"
"ui_keybinds_skip_dialog","Skip dialogue"
"ui_keybinds_skip_dialog_desc","Skips current cutscene or dialogue (Abort/Exit also skips dialogue)."
"ui_keybinds_skiptime","Open Skip Time/Help"
"ui_keybinds_sprint","Sprint"
"ui_keybinds_surrender","Surrender"
"ui_keybinds_ternary_action","Tertiary minigame action"
"ui_keybinds_toggle_crouch","Toggle crouch"
"ui_keybinds_toggle_info","Toggle Info"
"ui_keybinds_toggle_info_desc","Shows/hides Item Info, switches Map mode."
"ui_keybinds_toggle_run","Toggle run"
"ui_keybinds_tooltip_abort_attac","When holding button for primary or secondary attack, pressing this will abort the attack action."
"ui_keybinds_unlock_target","Unlock target"
"ui_keybinds_up","Forward"
"ui_Keyboard","Keyboard & Mouse"
"ui_Korean","Korean"
"ui_LanguageNotDownloaded","The language you selected is downloading and will be enabled automatically once the download is complete. Meanwhile you can continue playing in the present language. "
"ui_lb_constructed","built"
"ui_lb_cost","Price"
"ui_lb_excluded","can't be built"
"ui_lb_exclusivity","can't be built with"
"ui_lb_generates","Generates"
"ui_lb_money","Groschen"
"ui_lb_not_constructed","not built"
"ui_lb_objectives","Objectives"
"ui_lb_overview","Overview"
"ui_lb_prerequisites","Prerequisites"
"ui_lb_provided","Provides"
"ui_lb_reputation","Reputation"
"ui_lb_resources","Resources"
"ui_lb_summary","Summary"
"ui_LearnedFailed","Learning failed!"
"ui_length","Length"
"ui_level","Level"
"ui_LightDetail","Lighting"
"ui_LightDetailTT","Influences the quality of global illumination."
"ui_load_controlsList","Movement<BR/>Toggle walk/run<BR/>Crouch<BR/>Use/Talk/Pick up<BR/>Sprint/Run<BR/>Jump/Climb/Vault<BR/>Mount/Call horse<BR/>Slash/Shoot/Jab<BR/>Stab/Kick<BR/>Block/Parry<BR/>Kick/Push (Clinch)<BR/>Primary weapon (Sword)<BR/>Secondary weapon (Bow)<BR/>Map<BR/>Inventory<BR/>Quest Log<BR/>Menu<BR/>Skip time"
"ui_load_controlsTitle","Controls"
"ui_load_disabled_by_alerady_used","You can load this savegame only once."
"ui_load_disabled_by_dlc","This savegame requires DLC:"
"ui_load_disabled_by_streaming","Cannot load right now. The game is still downloading."
"ui_load_disabled_by_version","This savegame requires a later version of the game."
"ui_load_featureList","+ Play various quests and solve them in different ways; please refer to the second page of this help for details.<BR/>+ Talk to people, persuade them, intimidate or fight them.<BR/>+ Ride your horse and enjoy approximately 3 sq. km of landscape. This is about 20% of the final game.<BR/>+ Fight! Combat system is fully functional; you can use swords, shields, axes and maces; different weapons have different properties. You can train in the arena in the military camp.<BR/>+ Archery included; archery range can be found in the military camp.<BR/>+ Crime system: you can attack anyone but there are consequences.<BR/>+ RPG systems: various stats, skills and perks are working and influencing your gameplay.<BR/>+ You can listen to adaptive music for various situations."
"ui_load_featureListTitle","Feature List"
"ui_load_info","Please bear in mind that this is very early work in progress demo for the purpose of testing new features and getting your feedback. We plan to add new features at approx. two-month intervals. If you have any comments, ideas or bugs to report, please contact us at <font color='#990000'>info@warhorsestudios.cz</font> or on our forums <font color='#990000'>kingdomcomerpg.com</font>."
"ui_load_subtitle","Beta Access"
"ui_load_title","Kingdom Come: Deliverance"
"ui_LoadFailed","Game load failed"
"ui_LoadGame","Load Game"
"ui_LoadGameTitle","Load Game"
"ui_LoadChapter","Load Chapter"
"ui_LoadChapterTitle","Load Chapter"
"ui_loading","Loading..."
"ui_LoadSavedGame","Are you sure you want to load this savegame?"
"ui_LoadVS1","Dialogue"
"ui_LoadVS2","Cutscene"
"ui_LoadVS3","Shopping"
"ui_LoadVS4","Crafting"
"ui_LoadVS5","Horse-riding"
"ui_LoadVS6","Combat"
"ui_LoadVS7","Combat arena"
"ui_LockpickingControllerMode","Simplified lockpicking"
"ui_LockpickingControllerMode_PS","Simplified lockpicking"
"ui_LockpickingControllerModeBase","Original"
"ui_LockpickingControllerModeEasy","Simplified  "
"ui_LockpickingControllerModeTT","Toggles lock turning control between original Left Stick and simplified Left Bumper."
"ui_LockpickingControllerModeTT_PS","Toggles lock turning control between original Left Stick and simplified L1."
"ui_Low","Low"
"ui_main_quests","Main Quests"
"ui_mainQuestTrackLimit","You can track only three main quests!"
"ui_manualsave","Manual save"
"ui_maplegend_active_quest","Active quests"
"ui_maplegend_activtiy_starter","Activity giver"
"ui_maplegend_combat_trainer","Combat Trainer"
"ui_maplegend_dlc_starter","New DLC quest"
"ui_maplegend_locations","Points of interest"
"ui_maplegend_main_quest","Main quests"
"ui_maplegend_quest_informer","Quest tipster"
"ui_maplegend_quest_starter","Quest giver"
"ui_maplegend_unexplored","Unexplored place"
"ui_maximum","Maximum"
"ui_Medium","Medium"
"ui_min_agility","Min. Agility"
"ui_min_strength","Min. Strength"
"ui_minimal_level","Minimum Level"
"ui_MotionBlur","Motion Blur"
"ui_MotionBlurTT","Sets your side in forum flame wars!"
"ui_MouseSensitivity","Mouse sensitivity"
"ui_Multiplayer","Multiplayer"
"ui_MultiplayerTitle","Multiplayer"
"ui_MusicVolume","In-game music volume"
"ui_NewGame","New Game"
"ui_next_xp","Required XP"
"ui_nm_dog_mode","Current command"
"ui_No","No"
"ui_no_saves_yet","You don't have any games saved."
"ui_noise","Noise"
"ui_normal_mode","Normal Mode"
"ui_not_enough_quest_delivery","You have not delivered all the required items."
"ui_NotEnoughMoney","Either you or the trader does not have enough money."
"ui_NotEnoughMoneyRepair","You don't have enough money."
"ui_NotEnoughMoneyTrader","The trader doesn't have enough money."
"ui_NotEnoughMoneyTraderHggle","The trader doesn't have enough money. Are you willing to accept a lower price?"
"ui_NotEnoughMoneyYou","You don't have enough money."
"ui_NothingToCombine","You do not have anything to combine."
"ui_NothingToHeal","You can't bandage yourself. You're not bleeding."
"ui_nutrition","Nourishment"
"ui_ObjectDetail","Object quality"
"ui_ObjectDetailTT","Sets the scale of geometry culling."
"ui_off","Off"
"ui_Ok","OK"
"ui_olderSaveLoad","This save is older than your last Exit Save! Load anyway?"
"ui_on","On"
"ui_optional","(Optional)"
"ui_OverwriteSaveTT","You have reached the maximum number of saves. Select an old save to overwrite."
"ui_OverwritteSaveConfirm","Selected savegame will be overwritten!"
"ui_ParticlesDetail","Particles"
"ui_ParticlesDetailTT","Affects maximum number and quality of particles on screen."
"ui_permanentsave","Permanent savegame"
"ui_PhysicsDetail","Physics"
"ui_PhysicsDetailTT","Sets the precision and distance at which physics calculate."
"ui_place","Stolen in"
"ui_PlayerName","Player name"
"ui_PlayerNameTT","Player name for Multiplayer"
"ui_Playline","Playline"
"ui_PlaylineEmpty","(Empty)"
"ui_PlaylineHardcore","(hardcore)"
"ui_PlaylineTitle","Select Playline"
"ui_polish","Polski"
"ui_PostProcessingDetail","Postprocess quality"
"ui_PostProcessingDetailTT","Changes the quality of HDR, motion blur and DOF."
"ui_power","Power"
"ui_power_mod","Power mod."
"ui_preferedInputDevice","UI controls detection"
"ui_preferedInputDevice_auto","Auto"
"ui_preferedInputDevice_pc","PC"
"ui_preferedInputDevice_ps","PS4"
"ui_preferedInputDevice_xbox","Xbox One"
"ui_preferedInputDeviceTT","Allows forcing UI prompts from specific gamepad or keyboard."
"ui_press","Press"
"ui_press_to_continue","Press * to Continue"
"ui_price","Price"
"ui_progreass","Progress"
"ui_quality","Durability"
"ui_quality_food","Durability (days)"
"ui_quality_stat","Condition"
"ui_quality_stat_food","Freshness"
"ui_QualityDetail","Shader quality"
"ui_quest_active_comp","Active/Completed"
"ui_reason_grindstone_occupied","You can't use this grindstone now because someone else is using it."
"ui_recently_added","Recently added"
"ui_refreshment","Energy"
"ui_reOptionFailDefault","Fail"
"ui_reOptionSuccessDefault","Success"
"ui_repair_select_item","Please select items you<br/>want to <font color='#ffffff'>repair</font>"
"ui_RepeatCnt","Repeat"
"ui_required_skill","Required skill"
"ui_reset","Reset"
"ui_ResetDefault","Reset to default?"
"ui_Resolution","Resolution"
"ui_Resume","Resume"
"ui_ReturnOnlyReward","You can only return the reward."
"ui_RewardAlreadyChosen","Reward already chosen"
"ui_RewardNotChosen","Reward was not chosen."
"ui_russian","Русский"
"ui_SaveGame","Save Game"
"ui_SaveGameName","Name"
"ui_SaveGameTitle","Select Slot"
"ui_SaveQuitConfirm","Are you sure you want to save and quit?"
"ui_SaveQuitGame","Save & Quit"
"ui_SaveResetGame","Save & exit to menu"
"ui_SaveTypeAuto","Autosave"
"ui_SaveTypeQuick","Quick save"
"ui_SaveTypeSavepoint","Savepoint"
"ui_select_perk","Select perk"
"ui_selectbodypart","Select Body Part you want to patch."
"ui_SelectedMonitor","Primary monitor"
"ui_SelectedMonitorTT","Lets you select what monitor to display game on."
"ui_SelectFullLine","Are you sure you want to overwrite this Playline?"
"ui_selectitemforapply","Select what to use on"
"ui_SelectLanguage","Select text language"
"ui_SelectLanguageVoice","Select audio language"
"ui_selling","Selling"
"ui_ServerName","Server"
"ui_setPlayerName","Set Name"
"ui_setPlayerNameTitle","Set Nickname"
"ui_Settings","Settings"
"ui_SettingsTitle","Settings"
"ui_ShadingDetail","Shader quality"
"ui_ShadingDetailTT","Sets complexity of shaders."
"ui_shadowplayHighlights_empty_tt","You have no NVIDIA Highlights recorded yet."
"ui_shadowplayHighlights_tt","Opens NVIDIA Highlights overlay, where you can trim, save and upload new highlights."
"ui_ShadowsDetail","Shadows"
"ui_ShadowsDetailTT","Sets the softness and distance of shadow rendering."
"ui_shop_balance","Trading items for"
"ui_shop_get","You get:"
"ui_shop_pay","You pay:"
"ui_shop_reputation","Your reputation"
"ui_shop_wealth","Trader's wealth"
"ui_side_quests","Side Quests"
"ui_sideQuestTrackLimit","You can track only three side quests and activities!"
"ui_skill_alchemy_desc0_t","The better your mastery of Alchemy, the easier it is to brew potions even if you make minor mistakes. A Master alchemist who adheres carefully to the recipe on the other hand can make up to 3 potions from the same ingredients as for one."
"ui_skill_defense_desc0_t","Increases your chances of survival in combat. The higher your level, the more effective is your defence with weapons."
"ui_skill_drinking_desc0_t","Drinking skill makes you more resistant to the nefarious effects of alcohol. You can drink up to twice as much and the after-effects are weaker."
"ui_skill_fencing_desc0_t","Total fighting skill with weapons or unarmed. The more skilful a warrior you are, the faster your attacks are and the harder it is for an opponent to defend against them. Also, your weapons will be less damaged by attacking and defending."
"ui_skill_herbalism_desc0_t","Herbalism skill allows you to collect more herbs with a single action, meaning you can gather them faster and more easily."
"ui_skill_horse_riding_desc0_t","Horse-riding determines whether you can ride a horse and how well. Later it will influence how much your horse will shy, how fast it gets tired and therefore how long it can gallop. "
"ui_skill_houndmaster_desc0_t","A good Houndmaster understands dogs well and his own most of all. The better you get at commands, the more you can teach your dog."
"ui_skill_hunter_desc0_t","Hunter skill increases the amount of meat and other useful materials you recover from animals you kill."
"ui_skill_lockpicking_desc0_t","Lockpicking skill makes picking locks on doors or chests easier. The jitter and hardness of the locks is lowered and you can attempt picking the more difficult ones."
"ui_skill_pickpocketing_desc0_t","Pickpocketing is a demanding skill that someone first has to teach you. It will allow you to rob people in the street unnoticed and the higher your skill gets, the less likelihood of getting caught in the act."
"ui_skill_reading_desc0_t","Reading skill influences the ability of your character to actually read books. Without it, any book is just gibberish to her. Higher Reading skill decreases the amount of time required to read and comprehend a book."
"ui_skill_repairing_desc0_t","Stitching, repairing and maintenance of all sorts. It allows you to use repair kits to fix things and sharpen weapons on grinding wheels. The higher your skill, the easier it is to sharpen a weapon or the less of your repair kit you use. At a higher level, you will be able to repair more damaged items. "
"ui_skill_stealth_desc0_t","Stealth skill shortens the distance at which you will be seen by the enemy and increases the time it will take them to spot you. It is improved by moving stealthily in the vicinity of the enemy."
"ui_skill_weapon_axe_desc0_t","Axe skill makes you more proficient with axes and increases the power of your attacks with one."
"ui_skill_weapon_bow_desc0_t","Bow skill makes you more proficient with bows and arrows and increases the power of your attacks with them. Up to Level 5, you are unable to hold the bow properly and the taut string of a powerful bow will flay the skin of your arm and injure you. Therefore, it's better to stick to a weaker bow until you reach that level. "
"ui_skill_weapon_mace_desc0_t","Mace skill makes you more proficient with maces and other blunt weapons and increases the power of your attacks with one."
"ui_skill_weapon_sword_desc0_t","Sword skill makes you more proficient with swords and increases the power of your attacks with one."
"ui_skill_weapon_unarmed_desc0_t","Unarmed Combat skill makes you more proficient when fighting with your fists, increasing the damage you cause."
"ui_SoundSettings","Sound Settings"
"ui_SoundSettingsTitle","Volume"
"ui_SoundVolume","Sound volume"
"ui_spanish","Español"
"ui_spot_quality","Comfort"
"ui_StartGame","Start game"
"ui_stat_agility_desc_h","Your Horse’s Agility determines his Speed. "
"ui_stat_agility_desc_t","Agility is a measure of speed, movement and nimbleness. An agile character not only moves faster, but is also better at evading strikes, can skilfully wield more sophisticated weapons, such as sabres, and is more skilled at archery. Archery in turn will also increase agility."
"ui_stat_courage","Courage"
"ui_stat_courage_desc_h","Your Horse’s Courage is how much sound and fury he can withstand before he shies and bolts."
"ui_stat_speech_desc_t","Speech gauges the character's ability to talk her way out of situations. It is improved by talking to people and successful persuasions. As a result, a good speaker can settle many conflicts before they even arise, haggle better or disconcert a foe she wouldn't be able to overcome in combat."
"ui_stat_strength_desc_h","Your Horse’s Strength influences how much he can carry."
"ui_stat_strength_desc_t","Strength defines how well your character can handle physical challenges. The more Strength, the less depletion of Stamina when wielding heavy weapons (most weapons except daggers and sabres) and the more powerful your attacks. Each level up of Strength also significantly increases the capacity of your inventory, as well as influencing how fast you can sprint with a heavy load. Strength is increased primarily by combat."
"ui_stat_vitality_desc_h","Your Horse’s Vitality influences his Health."
"ui_stat_vitality_desc_t","Vitality determines how much your character can endure. The more vitality, the more stamina and the faster it regenerates, the longer the character lasts without getting tired and the longer she can run. Running, surmounting obstacles and surviving combat enhance vitality."
"ui_state_exhaust","Energy"
"ui_state_exhaust_desc","Your character gets tired over time and then it needs to rest. Energy is depleted by combat, movement and basically just by being awake. Exhaustion depletes your Stamina and eventually you can faint. You can fend it off by imbibing alcohol in sensible amounts, for example, although drinking too much has the opposite effect, as does eating heavy foods."
"ui_state_exhaust_desc_t","Your character gets tired over time and then it needs to rest. Rest is depleted by combat, movement and basically just by being awake. Exhaustion depletes your stamina and eventually you can faint. You can fend it off by imbibing alcohol in sensible amounts, for example, although drinking too much has the opposite effect, as does eating heavy foods."
"ui_state_health","Health"
"ui_state_health_desc","Your total Health is a fixed value. It doesn't increase over time and won't regenerate on its own. It depletes when you're wounded in combat, fall from a height, are poisoned or eat spoiled food, as well as when you're exhausted or starving. To heal yourself you have to take a healing potion or sleep. If you're bleeding, you first have to bandage the wound before it will heal."
"ui_state_health_desc_d","Your dog's health. If your dog is seriously wounded, his obedience will fall and he will run from danger rather than die."
"ui_state_health_desc_h","Your horse's health works very much like your own. However, it can never die – even if its health drops to zero, it will be regenerate eventually."
"ui_state_health_desc_t","Your maximum health is fixed, it won't increase over time or renew itself. It will deplete when you're wounded in combat, fall from a height or get poisoned. To heal yourself, you must use a healing potion or visit an apothecary. If you're bleeding, the wound must first be bandaged. Your Health can also be depleted by extreme tiredness or hunger or by eating spoiled food. "
"ui_state_hunger","Nourishment"
"ui_state_hunger_desc","Your character needs to eat and drink. Each type of food and drink will fill you up to a greater or lesser extent - meat and meat products a lot, fruit and drinks little. Overeating will negatively affect your stats. You also have to be careful what you eat - food spoils over time and can easily poison you. So for long trips it's better to take with you durable foods, while if you've got time to sit in a tavern, you can fill up with a freshly cooked meal."
"ui_state_hunger_desc_t","Your character needs to eat and drink. Each type of food and drink will fill you up to a greater or lesser extent - meat and meat products a lot, fruit and drinks little. Overeating will negatively affect your stats. You also have to be careful what you eat - food spoils over time and can easily poison you. So for long trips it's better to take with you durable foods, while if you've got time to sit in a tavern, you can fill up with a freshly cooked meal."
"ui_state_stamina","Stamina"
"ui_state_stamina_desc","Your character’s Stamina depletes every time you do something physically demanding, e.g. sprint or fight, and when it drops to zero, you can do neither. If you pause to catch your breath, though, Stamina will replenish itself automatically."
"ui_state_stamina_desc_h","Your Horse's Stamina depletes every time you gallop, and when it drops to zero, you can no longer do so. If you pause to catch your breath, though, Stamina will replenish itself automatically."
"ui_states","States"
"ui_stats","Stats"
"ui_strength_desc","Strength is the measure of the physical aptitude of your character."
"ui_suprise_attack","Surprise Attack"
"ui_tab_active","Active"
"ui_tab_activities","Activities"
"ui_tab_achiev","Achiev."
"ui_tab_all","All"
"ui_tab_armor","Armour"
"ui_tab_buffs","Buffs"
"ui_tab_buy","Buy"
"ui_tab_codex","Codex"
"ui_tab_combat","Combat"
"ui_tab_companions","Sidekicks"
"ui_tab_crafting","Crafting"
"ui_tab_dog","Dog"
"ui_tab_done","Done"
"ui_tab_equip","Tack"
"ui_tab_events","Events"
"ui_tab_fasttravel","Fast travel"
"ui_tab_food","Food"
"ui_tab_general","General"
"ui_tab_horse","Horse"
"ui_tab_characters","Characters"
"ui_tab_checkout","Basket"
"ui_tab_info","Info"
"ui_tab_inventory","Inventory"
"ui_tab_legend","Legend"
"ui_tab_locations","Locations"
"ui_tab_main","Main"
"ui_tab_map","Map"
"ui_tab_other","Other"
"ui_tab_player","Player"
"ui_tab_quest","Quest Items"
"ui_tab_questlog","Quest Log"
"ui_tab_reputation","Reputation"
"ui_tab_sell","Sell"
"ui_tab_side","Side"
"ui_tab_skills","Skills"
"ui_tab_society","Society"
"ui_tab_statistics","Statistics"
"ui_tab_stats","Stats"
"ui_tab_store","Inventory"
"ui_tab_tutorials","Tutorials"
"ui_tab_weapons","Weapons"
"ui_take_perk_confirm","Do you really want to learn this perk?"
"ui_TextureDetail","Textures"
"ui_TextureDetailTT","Affects resolution of dynamic textures."
"ui_thanksSurvey","Thank you for playing our game.<br/>We are very much interested in your thoughts about it.<br/>Please complete the survey so that we can make a better game for you."
"ui_the_end","The End"
"ui_tip_alphabet","Name"
"ui_tip_arrows","Arrows"
"ui_tip_blunt","Blunt"
"ui_tip_body_cloth","Body garment"
"ui_tip_body_cloth_female","Undergarment"
"ui_tip_body_coat","Outer garment"
"ui_tip_body_chainmail","Body chainmail"
"ui_tip_body_chainmail_female","Outer garment"
"ui_tip_body_plate","Body plate"
"ui_tip_boot","Boots"
"ui_tip_bow","Bow"
"ui_tip_count","Quantity"
"ui_tip_currentLevel","Current Level"
"ui_tip_currTime","Current time"
"ui_tip_damage","Stat"
"ui_tip_defence","Defence"
"ui_tip_flag","Equipped"
"ui_tip_gloves","Gloves"
"ui_tip_head_helmet","Helmet"
"ui_tip_head_hood","Coif"
"ui_tip_head_hood_female","Head covering"
"ui_tip_head_liner","Head chainmail"
"ui_tip_health","Condition"
"ui_tip_horse_armor_head","Head armour"
"ui_tip_horse_armor_torso","Body armour"
"ui_tip_horse_bridle","Bridle"
"ui_tip_horse_cloth","Cover"
"ui_tip_horse_saddle","Saddle"
"ui_tip_horseshoe","Horseshoes"
"ui_tip_leg_armor","Leg plate"
"ui_tip_leg_chainmail","Leg chainmail"
"ui_tip_leg_trousers","Hose"
"ui_tip_necklace","Neck chain"
"ui_tip_perkpoints","Perkpoints"
"ui_tip_price","Price"
"ui_tip_prim_main","Main hand"
"ui_tip_prim_off","Off hand"
"ui_tip_progress","Level progress"
"ui_tip_ring","Ring"
"ui_tip_slash","Slash"
"ui_tip_sleeves","Arm armour"
"ui_tip_spur","Spurs"
"ui_tip_stab","Stab"
"ui_tip_time","Last update"
"ui_tip_totalGold","Total money  "
"ui_tip_totalHorseGold","Total money on horse"
"ui_tip_totalHorseWeight","Current load/Capacity"
"ui_tip_totalWeight","Current load/Capacity"
"ui_tip_weight","Weight"
"ui_to_continue","to continue"
"ui_tobiiCleanUI","Clean UI"
"ui_tobiiCleanUITT","Cleans UI elements in HUD when you are not focusing on them."
"ui_tobiiExtendedViewEnable","Extended view"
"ui_tobiiExtendedViewEnableTT","Enables controlling the game camera with your eyes. This works in addition to the free-look camera controlled by mouse or gamepad."
"ui_tobiiExtendedViewSens","Extended view sensitivity"
"ui_tobiiExtendedViewSensTT","Adjusts the sensitivity of the visually-controlled game camera."
"ui_tobiiEyeTracker","Tobii Eye Tracking"
"ui_tobiiEyeTrackerEnable","Enable eye tracking"
"ui_tobiiEyeTrackerEnableTT","Enables selected eye tracking features."
"ui_tobiiInfo","This game has eye tracking support. Learn more about the in-game features, and how to unlock them with your eye tracker at <font color='#80703e'><a href='https://tobiigaming.com/games/kingdom-come-deliverance/?utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=kingdomcome&utm_source=ingame&utm_content=menu'>www.tobiigaming.com</a></font>."
"ui_tobiiInteractGaze","Interact at gaze"
"ui_tobiiInteractGazeTT","Enables using your eyes to select which object to interact with."
"ui_tobiiLockTargetGaze","Lock target at gaze"
"ui_tobiiLockTargetGazeTT","Enables using your eyes to decide which target to attack."
"ui_too_damaged_for_repairkit","This item is too damaged to repair with this kit."
"ui_Trailer","Play trailer"
"ui_try_again","Begin a new life"
"ui_turkish","Türk"
"ui_tutorial_cont_alcohol","Alcohol is the scourge of mankind and a good Christian should avoid it like the plague.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The effects of alcohol are deceptive - at first it might seem that slight [Drunkenness] makes everything easier: alcohol loosens your tongue, making you more eloquent, and people will even react more favourably to you, it gets your blood pumping, allowing you to endure more. But the effects come on gradually and it's hard to know when to stop drinking. If you overdo it, the effects are unpleasant. Not only is a roaring [hangover] a scourge, but waking up from a drunken stupor in a strange place can bring plenty of trouble, but that's nothing compared to the problems of serious [alcoholism]!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can see what effect drinking alcohol has had on you in the Buffs tab as well as next to your health indicator: <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_drunk_more_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_hangover_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_alcoholism_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' ></p><br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The higher your Drinking skill level, the less you will suffer the unpleasant effects of alcohol."
"ui_tutorial_cont_alchemy","Alchemy is a useful skill that transforms herbs and other ingredients into potions and remedies. In order to brew those, you need a knowledge of alchemy, a recipe, an alchemist’s bench and the necessary ingredients.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the alchemist’s lab you will find on the right side of the bench the Herbarium, which lists all the properties of herbs and all the recipes you have so far learned. You open the book with $use; and use $read_toggle; to toggle between the recipes and the plant descriptions.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
It’s always best to follow the recipe in the book. By holding $use; on the recipe, you can also set all the necessary ingredients straight down on the alchemy bench.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The degree of difficulty of the brewing itself varies and each recipe requires a variable number of steps. But the first step is always to pour the potion base, which you will find on the shelf on your left, into the cauldron. The next step is to add the ingredients to the cauldron and brew the mixture on the prescribed flame, which is regulated by means of the bellows $alch_use_bag; You should carefully time how long you brew the potion using the sand-glass $alch_use_sandglass; If the recipe demands it, you must take care to grind ingredients using the mortar and pestle. The brewed potion can then be poured directly from the cauldron into the phial, or passed through the distiller.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The recipe steps must be adhered to precisely – if you deviate too much from them, the potion will fail, you’ll lose all your ingredients and the whole brewing process will have to be repeated.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Once you’ve become skilled enough at alchemy, you’ll have the option of auto-brewing potions by holding $read_select2; on the Herbarium.
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_basics","The Codex {$ui_toggle_codex;|$ui_open_inventory; $ui_controller_shoulder_l1;} accumulates all information about the world, points of interest and detailed tutorials. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You move using {$moveforward;$moveleft;$moveback;$moveright;|$xi_move_help;} and can also sprint $sprint; jump $jump;{ and walk or run $toggle_run;|}<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You interact with the world using $use; You can talk to people, take items, open trunks etc.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
If you have a melee weapon on you (e.g. a sword in a sheath on your belt), you draw it using $weapon_set1; If you also have a shield that can be combined with the weapon, you will equip it together with the weapon.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You equip your bow using $weapon_set2;<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You crouch using $toggle_crouch;<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You call your horse using $call_horse;<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You toggle your inventory using {$ui_toggle_inventory;|$ui_open_inventory;}<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You open the map using {$ui_toggle_map;|$ui_open_map;}<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can skip time and wait for something using $ui_open_skiptime; If you’re in the middle of some activity, however, pressing $open_help_screen; will call up Help.
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_combat_advance","The fundamentals of combat are movement, speed and good timing of strikes and blocks. Mastery of these three things give you control of the combat arena.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Attack]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can strike with a weapon at any of five zones, which you select by {moving the mouse in the desired direction|with the aid of $xi_lock_cursor_help;} and the selected zone then turns red on the combat rose.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor0.dds' width='80' height='70' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor1.dds' width='80' height='70' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor2.dds' width='80' height='70' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor3.dds' width='80' height='70' ><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor4.dds' width='80' height='70' ></p><br/>
You can stab to the head in the topmost zone, or to the body in any other zone.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor0.dds' width='80' height='70' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor5.dds' width='80' height='70' ></p><br/>
After each attack, your attack zone changes naturally and the next strike then comes from a different direction, unless you change it yourself before striking. Your opponent will find it harder to block a strike in a zone other than the one where he is holding his weapon or shield. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can take advantage of this to execute a [feint]: draw your weapon back, but before striking, change the direction suddenly, strike at a zone where your opponent doesn’t expect it.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
By striking repeatedly you can execute a chain of strikes. You should press the attack button at the moment your weapon hits the opponent or his weapon or shield. Mastering chained strikes is essential for performing combos.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
A [combo] is a chain of specific strikes executed quickly one after another in a given order. If you succeed in hitting your opponent with all the strikes in a combo and he does not block or evade them, your last strike will take the form of a special technique against which there is no defence. Some combos demand not only a combination of strong and weak strikes, but also changes in direction between strikes.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Clinch]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
As soon as you near your opponent and press the Kick button $attack3; your weapons will cross in a clinch and you have to press the attack button quickly to overpower your opponent and break his defence. The difficulty of a clinch is influenced by the difference between your strength and combat skills and those of your opponent. Following a successful clinch break, your opponent is briefly disoriented, which you should quickly take advantage of.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Perfect Block, Master Strike]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Timing is the key to perfect weapon mastery.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can hold a block without moving, which will let you fend off standard attacks, but it costs a lot of stamina and leaves the initiative to your opponent. If, however, you execute a block $block; right into your opponent’s strike just at the moment when the green shield lights up in the centre of the combat rose, you will execute a [perfect block].
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursorPerfectblock.dds' width='79' height='74' ></p><br/>
The advantage of a perfect block is that it costs no stamina and it can be used to interrupt an opponent’s chained strikes.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
After executing a perfect block you also can carry out a [riposte] by pressing one of the attack buttons during the block - {$attack1_mouse;|$attack1;} or $attack2; Your opponent can only defend against a riposte by means of a perfect block. Ripostes and perfect blocks can be chained one after the other until you or your opponent is hit. Or you can just execute a perfect block and end the chained strikes.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can even execute a perfect block against an attacker that your combat rose is not locked on. However, you have to time the block well without the benefit of the green shield.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can also dodge blows. You [dodge] by means of a well-timed step sideways or backwards; you must sidestep just when the opponent draws back his weapon. Usually that means even before the green shield indicating the time window for a perfect block appears on the combat rose. By dodging, you can move cleverly around the combat space and attack your opponent from unexpected angles. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most advanced combat techniques consist of [master strikes]. A master strike is performed similarly to a perfect block or dodge. Once Captain Bernard has taught you this technique, by pressing the block button $block; during the first stage of an opponent’s strike you will execute a very powerful counter-attack, against which there is no defence. The greater your combat skill and weapon skill, the longer the window for executing a master strike. At the highest level, the master strike will in practice replace the window for a perfect block.
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_combat_basic","When things get out of hand, it can escalate to a fight. It’s possible to fight unarmed, with various weapons and even mounted on horseback<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Using {$attack1_mouse;|$attack1;} you execute a basic strike, which is strong, but slow. In a fistfight, this control executes a right or left hook to the head, in armed combat a slashing strike.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Using $attack2; you attack with a faster, but weaker strike. In unarmed combat that means a jab to the face, with a weapon a stab with the point of the blade.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can block any strike that comes from in front with $block; For a normal block, you don’t have to hold your weapon in the same zone that your opponent is aiming at.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can kick your opponent away using $attack3; If you’re close to your adversary, you can use  $attack3; to get into a clinch with him.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can lock the combat rose onto one foe using $opponent_lock; and, if you’re facing more than one opponent, you can toggle between them by pressing $opponent_lock; again. You can disengage from the opponent using $sprint;.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You select the zone of attack in the combat rose {by moving the mouse to the desired position|using $xi_lock_cursor_help;} If any of the zones is greyed out, it’s not possible to strike there for now.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ccursor0.dds' width='80' height='70' ></p><br/>
You can tell how well you’re doing in the combat by the indicator at the bottom of the screen.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/opponent_stamina_bar.dds' width='307' height='64' ></p><br/>
The red bar shows your level of [Health], the yellow  your [Stamina]. The purple bar shows roughly how much life your opponent has left.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Every strike executed costs stamina. Once it’s completely depleted, you can’t attack again until it regenerates. Stamina also functions as a shield of sorts. As well as strikes, blocking also depletes stamina. The stronger the opponent’s strike, the harder it is to block and the more stamina is costs. Once your stamina is gone, hits taken will cost you health, even if you block them. If your opponent is very strong, or if you don’t succeed in blocking, his strikes will deplete your health along you’re your stamina.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
A big impact on your health can wound you and cause bleeding. Wounded limbs will incapacitate you and bleeding can result in death.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_head_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_blood_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' ></p><br/>
You can take the edge of a foe’s strikes by wearing armour. The better the armour, the less health and stamina his strikes will cost you. You can also save some stamina by using a shield to block. If you’re wearing plate armour and carrying a shield, sometimes that alone will save you without having to defend yourself actively, especially against a less experienced opponent. On the contrary, if your foe is in plate armour, you’ll have to wear him down and exhaust him before you can cause him any real damage.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The best weapons to use against armour are those with high blunt impact (maces, axes, hammers), while against a lightly armoured opponent it’s better to use a weapon with a higher level of slashing and stabbing power (swords, sabres).<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You’ll know you’re in combat or someone is about to attack you from the crossed swords icon beneath the compass at the top of the screen. During combat, you can switch weapons in your inventory; you can’t change your armour or eat to recover health.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/combat_state_1.dds' width='67' height='61' ></p><br/>
If you’re still in combat, but no one is attacking you directly, the icon below the compass changes to an uncrossed pair of swords. At this stage, more options are available to you in the inventory.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/combat_state_2.dds' width='113' height='61' ></p>"
"ui_tutorial_cont_dice","If you want to try your hand at gambling, it’s possible to play the dice game of Farkle in every respectable tavern.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The goal of this two-player game is to be the first to reach a certain number of points.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Six dice are thrown and the players alternate turns. Points are gained for every one or five thrown, and for three or more of a kind of any other number. Scoring is as follows:<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
• a single [1] is worth 100 points;<br/>
• a single [5] is worth 50 points;<br/>
• [three of a kind] is worth 100 points multiplied by the given number, e.g. three 4s are worth 400 points;<br/>
• [three 1s] is worth 1,000 points;<br/>
• [four or more of a kind] is worth double the points of three of a kind, so four 4s are worth 800 points, five 4s are worth 1,600 points etc.<br/>• [full straight 1 - 6 ] is worth 1500 points;<br/>• [partial straight 1 - 5 ] is worth 500 points;<br/>• [partial straight 2 - 6] is worth 750 points.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
A player's turn always begins by throwing all six dice. The player then uses $dice_hold; to select and set aside scoring dice, and at least one die must always be set aside. Then the player can throw the remaining dice again using $dice_score; and the situation repeats. Scoring combinations are counted only for the current throw, not the entire turn.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The key element of the game is that if a throw does not produce a single scoring die, then the player's turn is over and all points scored up to that throw are forfeit. It is then the opposing player's turn to throw. For that reason, it’s best to end your turn using $dice_pass; before the risk that not a single die will score gets too high. Sometimes it’s better not to set aside all the scoring dice you’ve thrown, so you stand a better chance of scoring higher on the next throw.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Since each player uses his own dice, there’s also an opportunity to cheat. But finding loaded dice isn’t so easy.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The Devil’s Head is a die with one side functioning as a wild Joker. Along with a pair of any other number, it forms three of a kind, e.g. [two 1s and a Devil’s Head] is worth 1000 points. The Devil’s Head on its own has no value though. If all the dice fall as Devil’s Heads, there is no score. "
"ui_tutorial_cont_hardcore_combat_advance","The fundamentals of combat are movement, speed and good timing of strikes and blocks. Mastery of these three things give you control of the combat arena<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Attack]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

You can strike with a weapon at any of five zones, which you select by {moving the mouse in the desired direction|with the aid of $xi_lock_cursor_help;} In normal gameplay this is indicated by the corresponding point on a five-pointed combat rose turning red. In Hardcore Mode you have no such indicator and must rely on the visual clue of the position of your weapon on screen.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>



You can stab to the head in the topmost zone, or to the body in any other zone.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>

After each attack, your attack zone changes naturally and the next strike then comes from a different direction, unless you change it yourself before striking. Your opponent will find it harder to block a strike in a zone other than the one where he is holding his weapon or shield. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can take advantage of this to execute a [feint]: draw your weapon back, but before striking, change the direction suddenly, strike at a zone where your opponent doesn’t expect it. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
By striking repeatedly you can execute a chain of strikes. You should press the attack button at the moment your weapon hits the opponent or his weapon or shield. Mastering chained strikes is essential for performing combos. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Combo] is a chain of specific strikes executed quickly one after another in a given order. If you succeed in hitting your opponent with all the strikes in a combo and he does not block or evade them, your last strike will take the form of a special technique against which there is no defence. Some combos demand not only a combination of strong and weak strikes, but also changes in direction between strikes. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Clinch]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
As soon as you near your opponent and press the Kick button $attack3; your weapons will cross in a clinch and you have to press the attack button quickly to overpower your opponent and break his defence. The difficulty of a clinch is influenced by the difference between your strength and combat skills and those of your opponent. Following a successful clinch break, your opponent is briefly disoriented, which you should quickly take advantage of. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Perfect Block, Dodge, Master Strike]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Timing is the key to perfect weapon mastery<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can hold a block without moving, which will let you fend off standard attacks, but it costs a lot of stamina and leaves the initiative to your opponent. If, however, you press $block; just at the moment when your opponent starts to strike, you will execute a [perfect block].
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The advantage of a perfect block is that it costs no stamina and it can be used to interrupt an opponent’s chained strikes.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
After executing a perfect block you also can carry out a [riposte] by pressing one of the attack buttons during the block - {$attack1_mouse;|$attack1;} or $attack2; Your opponent can only defend against a riposte by means of a perfect block. Ripostes and perfect blocks can be chained one after the other until you or your opponent is hit. Or you can just execute a perfect block and end the chained strikes.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can even execute a perfect block against an attacker whom you are not locked onto. However, you have to time the block extremely well and closely watch the movements of foes around you. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can also dodge blows. You [dodge] by means of a well-timed step sideways or backwards; you must sidestep just when the opponent draws back his weapon. By dodging, you can move cleverly around the combat space and attack your opponent from unexpected angles. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The most advanced combat techniques consist of [master strikes]. A master strike is performed similarly to a perfect block or dodge. Once Captain Bernard has taught you this technique, by pressing the block button $block; right at the beginning of an opponent’s strike, you will execute a very powerful counter-attack, against which there is no defence. The greater your combat skill and weapon skill, the longer the window for executing a master strike. At the highest level, the master strike will in practice replace the window for a perfect block.

"
"ui_tutorial_cont_hardcore_combat_basic","When things get out of hand, it can escalate to a fight. It’s possible to fight unarmed, with various weapons and even mounted on horseback.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> Using {$attack1_mouse;|$attack1;} you execute a basic strike, which is strong, but slow. In a fistfight, this control executes a right or left hook to the head, in armed combat a slashing strike. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> Using $attack2; you attack with a faster, but weaker strike. In unarmed combat that means a jab to the face, with a weapon a stab with the point of the blade. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> You can block any strike that comes from in front with $block; For a normal block, you don’t have to hold your weapon in the same zone that your opponent is aiming at.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can kick your opponent away using $attack3; If you’re close to your adversary, you can use  $attack3; to get into a clinch with him.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can lock onto one foe using $opponent_lock; and when facing more than one foe, you can toggle between them by pressing $opponent_lock; again. You can disengage from an opponent using $sprint;.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You choose the direction of your strike {by moving the mouse in the desired direction|with the use of $xi_lock_cursor_help;}. You recognise the selected direction from your character's stance and the position of the weapon. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can only tell how the fight is going from the visual effects and the foe’s behaviour. <br/>The screen turns red as you lose Health and Blue as your Stamina drops. <br/>Every strike you execute costs Stamina and if you exhaust it, you can’t strike again until it regenerates. Stamina also works as a shield of sorts – blocking also costs you Stamina with every blow you stop. The stronger a foe’s strike, the more Stamina it costs to block it. Once your Stamina is exhausted, every strike taken will deplete your Health, whether you block it or not. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>A big impact on your Health will cause you wounds or bleeding. Wounded limbs bring unpleasant drawbacks and bleeding can even kill you. <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_head_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_blood_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' ></p><br/> You can take the edge of a foe’s strikes by wearing armour. The better the armour, the less health and stamina his strikes will cost you. You can also save some stamina by using a shield to block. If you’re wearing plate armour and carrying a shield, sometimes that alone will save you without having to defend yourself actively, especially against a less experienced opponent. On the contrary, if your foe is in plate armour, you’ll have to wear him down and exhaust him before you can cause him any real damage. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>The best weapons to use against armour are those with high blunt impact (maces, axes, hammers), while against a lightly armoured opponent it’s better to use a weapon with a higher level of slashing and stabbing power (swords, sabres). <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You’ll know you’re in combat or someone is about to attack you from the crossed swords icon beneath the compass at the top of the screen. During combat, you can switch weapons in your inventory; you can’t change your armour or eat to recover health.<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/combat_state_1.dds' width='67' height='61' ></p><br/> If you’re still in combat, but no one is attacking you directly, the icon below the compass changes to an uncrossed pair of swords. At this stage, more options are available to you in the inventory.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/combat_state_2.dds' width='113' height='61' ></p>


"
"ui_tutorial_cont_hardcore_horse","A dog might be man's best friend, but you can't ride one. Better to make friends with a horse!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The basic riding controls are the same as when you're on foot. {$moveforward;$moveleft;$moveback;$moveright;|$xi_move_help;} Your horse can of course jump, $jump; slow to a walk, {$toggle_run;|} speed up to a canter $horse_sprint; or gallop $horse_sprint;$horse_sprint; which apart from speed affects the radius of turning and, naturally, drains the horse's stamina as well as your own. You can’t see the state of your horse's stamina, but if you push him too hard, he’ll let you know by whinnying and tossing his head.<br/>If you try to push your horse when its stamina is too low, it will throw you. You'll also fall from the saddle if you're seriously wounded (hit by an arrow, for example), or you can be unhorsed by a halberd.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Your horse is smarter than some people and will stick to the path you're on if you give him his head. Just begin cantering $horse_sprint; and don't steer him.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>In the Horse tab{ $ui_toggle_horse;|} you will see your horse's stats, tack and inventory.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> You can call your horse any time by whistling $call_horse; and mount it using $mount_horse; But your whistle will also be heard by people within earshot, which sometimes can be a disadvantage, while on the other hand it can also be a way of distracting attention…<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Horses don't grow on trees though! It's a costly thing that you can only acquire by buying, stealing or getting as a gift or reward. You can compare your horse's stats with those of other horses by holding $horse_dismount; You can only own one horse at a time: if you get a new one, the old horse's inventory will move automatically to the new one.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Once you get your first horse, you'll always have a mount.

"
"ui_tutorial_cont_hardcore_injury","In Hardcore you have no Health bar during gameplay and can only see the numerical value of your Health when you open the inventory panel. During gameplay, you can only estimate your Health from on-screen visual effects – when the edges of the screen turn red, you’re wounded, when the whole screen has a red hue, you’re close to death. And because your Health directly impacts on your maximum Stamina level, you need to mind it carefully. <br/>You can heal yourself as usual by sleeping or availing of bathhouse services. You can also heal yourself with food or potions, but the effect is far from immediate. <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/1006.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>If you’re seriously wounded, the injured part of your body will greatly impact on your abilities. You can’t run with a broken leg and wielding a sword is a lot harder if your arm is hacked to pieces. You can easily see which body parts are injured in the inventory main panel around the figure of your character. <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_head_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_torso_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_hand_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_leg_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' ></p><br/>
Bleeding is a specific type of wound. When bleeding, you have to bandage the wound quickly or you’ll soon bleed out and die. <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_blood_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' ></p><br/>So it’s a good idea to always have some bandages with you, the more the better, since for some wounds, one may not be enough. You bandage a wound by opening the Inventory {$ui_toggle_inventory;|$ui_open_inventory;} and finding a bandage in the Other sub-tab, then applying it to the appropriate body part. <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/bandage.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
But remember, you can’t heal yourself while engaged in combat!
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_hardcore_mode","[Saving]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>In Hardcore Mode there is no autosave - the game can only be saved by drinking Saviour Schnapps, sleeping in your own bed, paying for full service at a bathhouse or on exiting the game. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Survival]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>In Hardcore Mode you can’t rely on eating from freely accessible cooking pots. That won’t fill your stomach, so when travelling into the wilds, you need to take sufficient food supplies with you. </br>The best way to regenerate Health is to sleep. It’s also possible to use food and healing potions, but in Hardcore Mode they take quite a while to take effect. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Health and Stamina]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You are alerted to your current health and stamina levels only by means of ingame visual effects. When you're wounded, bloodstains appear on the screen. When health uis seriously depleted, the screen starts to turn red. </br>Low stamina is indicated by the screen turning blue. It’s necessary to watch your stamina during combat, because a hit taken when exhausted has greater impact and can hurt even a heavily armoured warrior. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Map and Navigation]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Your position is not shown on the map and there are no points of the compass shown. Waypoints are shown on the “compass” only when you get sufficiently close to them. To find your way around the world, you have to pay attention to your surroundings. Waterways and roads are the easiest landmarks to follow. </br>Fast travel isn’t possible in Hardcore Mode. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Combat]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Combat is more realistic in Hardcore Mode. Strikes have more realistic impact, and engaging in combat with an experienced warrior without wearing quality armour is very risky. Going up against more than one foe is also more dangerous, because they will take more advantage of their superior numbers. <br/>During combat, the cursor has no combat rose or block timing indicator. You have to time your blocks and evasions by watching your opponent’s moves carefully. <br/>&nbsp;<br/> [Money and Equipment]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Traders pay less for the goods you sell them and rewards are lower overall. Prices of large-scale repairs, on the contrary, are higher, and the drawbacks of using damaged equipment more serious, so it’s best to keep your equipment in good condition with your own skills, using either repair kits or sharpening wheels. 

"
"ui_tutorial_cont_horse","A dog might be man's best friend, but you can't ride one. Better to make friends with a horse!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The basic riding controls are the same as when you're on foot. {$moveforward;$moveleft;$moveback;$moveright;|$xi_move_help;} Your horse can of course jump, $jump; slow to a walk, {$toggle_run;|} speed up to a canter $horse_sprint; or gallop $horse_sprint;$horse_sprint; which apart from speed affects the radius of turning and, naturally, drains the horse's stamina as well as your own. You can see your horse's stamina, only when mounted, as a green indicator just next to your health indicator.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/horse_stamina_bar.dds' width='310' height='64' ></p><br/>If you try to push your horse when it's stamina is too low, it will throw you. You'll also fall from the saddle if you're seriously wounded (hit by an arrow, for example), or you can be unhorsed by a halberd.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Your horse is smarter than some people and will stick to the path you're on if you give him his head. Just begin cantering $horse_sprint; and don't steer him.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>In the Horse tab{ $ui_toggle_horse;|} you will see your horse's stats, tackle and inventory.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> You can call your horse any time by whistling $call_horse; and mount it using $mount_horse;.But your whistle will also be heard by people within earshot, which sometimes can be a disadvantage, while on the other hand it can also be a way of distracting attention…<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Horses don't grow on trees though! It's a costly thing that you can only acquire by buying, stealing or getting as a gift or reward. You can compare your horse's stats with those of other horses by holding them $horse_dismount;.You can only own one horse at a time: if you get a new one, the old horse's inventory will move automatically to the new one.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Once you get your first horse, you'll always have a mount."
"ui_tutorial_cont_injury","You can always see your health in the red bar on the lower edge of the screen. And since your level of health also determines the maximum level of stamina, it's important to monitor this. <br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/health_bar.dds' width='309' height='64' ></p><br/>You usually heal yourself with food and sleep and by relaxing at a bathhouse. This takes a while, so if you need to heal quickly, drink a healing potion.<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/1006.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
Serious wounds to parts of the body will seriously affect your abilities. You can't run with injured legs, wielding a sword isn't easy with a broken arm etc. You can easily see which parts of your body are wounded in the inventory around the portrait of your character.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_head_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_torso_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_hand_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_leg_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' ></p><br/>
Bleeding is a specific type of injury. If you are bleeding, you must quickly bandage the wound, otherwise you will soon bleed out and die.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_blood_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' ></p><br/>
That is why it always good to have bandages with you, and the more the better, since one bandage may not be enough for a larger wound. You can tie a bandage by going to Inventory {$ui_toggle_inventory;|$ui_open_inventory;}, under the Other tab find bandage, equip it and then select the place you are bleeding.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/bandage.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
Be aware that during combat it is not possible to heal yourself!                "
"ui_tutorial_cont_inventory","In the Inventory tab {$ui_toggle_inventory;|$ui_open_inventory;} you can see all your equipment, which for convenience is separated into various categories in sub-tabs:<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Weapons] contains all the instruments you can use in duels and battles.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Armour] contains all items of attire – from armour, clothes and footwear to rings and other jewellery.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Food] contains everything you can eat or drink.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Quest Items] contains all items necessary for completing assignments.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Other] contains all items that are not included in the above categories, e.g. lockpicks, bandages, repair kits, bunches of keys etc.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
By using $ui_confirm; on any item in the Inventory you can open a page with a brief description and detailed properties of the item in question. In the tab you will see only an overview of the most important of these:<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/inventory_equip.dds' width='42' height='42' > shows you whether you have a weapon equipped or are wearing a piece of armour or clothing. This is indicated by the icon <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/equip.dds' width='25' height='24' > You equip or discard them using $ui_accept;<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/inventory_count.dds' width='42' height='42' > shows how many pieces of the item in question you have in your inventory.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/inventory_stat_weapon.dds' width='42' height='42' > is shown only for weapons and shows their attacking power.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/inventory_stat_armor.dds' width='42' height='42' > is shown only for armour and clothing and gives their level of defence against attack.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/inventory_stat_food.dds' width='42' height='42' > is shown only for foods and gives their healing ability.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/inventory_health.dds' width='42' height='42' > shows the condition of the item. For clarity, the values of badly damaged or spoiled items are highlighted in colour.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/inventory_weight.dds' width='42' height='42' > shows the weight of the item in pounds.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/inventory_price.dds' width='42' height='42' > shows the usual price of the item in Groschen in its present condition.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The bottom row shows how much money you have as well as equally essential data – how much the items in your inventory weigh in total and whether you have them equipped or not. If the total weight is more than you can carry, you’ll feel the negative effects of being overloaded. You’ll be warned of this by a change in colour of the weight shown and a corresponding icon beside your health indicator:<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_overload_buff.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
If you have a horse, you can store some less-used items in its Inventory using $ui_reset; or simply discard unused items by holding $ui_reset;<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
If you want to store things to use later, you can put them in the trunk you'll find at any of your assigned or rented sleeping places. The same items can be found in all the trunks you have.
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_journal","Most of the quests can be completed in different ways - eloquence will help you win friends, an inconspicuous person can totally avoid trouble and if you'd rather not beat around the bush, violence can also be a solution.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can find all information about the quests in the Quests tab{ $ui_toggle_quest;|}.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
On the left-hand side is a list of all the quests divided into separate categories:<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Main] quests follow the basic storyline of Henry and his family, or Theresa.<br/>
[Side] quests are voluntary quests that have little or no influence on the main storyline.<br/>
[Activities] are things you can do at any time.<br/>
[Completed] quests lists the quests you have finished in some way and here you can read how you achieved that.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In the overview panel, which you can show or hide using $ui_confirm;, you will see the current tasks for the selected quest. You can read more information on the quest in the Quest Log using $ui_reset;, which on the righthand side toggles between the map and a detailed walkthrough of the quest.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
By pressing $ui_accept; you can choose which of the non-completed quests you want to pursue. You can pursue a maximum of three at any time. After activating pursuit of the quest, a coloured shield will be assigned to it, which on the map $ui_reset; and on the compass shows the waypoints for completing the various tasks in the quest. The place shown on the map may be a specific point or an area. For convenience, the various tasks are labelled with letters.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_quest.dds' width='215' height='64' ></p><br/>
If you want to know what's going on in the vicinity or if anyone needs your help, it's best to ask the local innkeeper, who's sure to know all the local gossip."
"ui_tutorial_cont_lockpicking","In order to pick locks, you must have at least one lockpick in your inventory, although it’s better to have one or two spares, since they get worn with use and in the worst case can break.
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/049.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
You start the actual lockpicking process by holding $use; on the lock. You will then see a diagram of the lock mechanism, in which you have to find the right spot to insert the lockpick. How close you are to the sweet spot is indicated by the size of the cursor, and it turns gold when you find it.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/lockpicking1.dds' width='285' height='64'></p><br/>
Then you have to use the lockpick {$lock_dir_fwd;|$xi_lock_dir_help;} to turn the whole lock mechanism. At the same time, you have to coordinate the movement of the lockpick with the rotation of the mechanism, because the rotation shifts the position of the sweet spot and you have to adjust accordingly.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/lockpicking2.dds' width='285' height='128'></p><br/>
If you try to turn the mechanism without having the lockpick in the correct position, the mechanism will stick, which will damage the lockpick or even break it. Any damage to the lockpick will produce a noise, which can draw unwanted attention, and breaking it will cause an even louder snap.
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_napravnik","This was a role, sometimes annual, appointed by the Abbot of the monastery or the sovereign, similar to the office of Bailiff or Mayor. The Custodian’s duties included overseeing property or premises in which the monarch or Abbot were not continuously resident, but his permanent housing was at his own expense. "
"ui_tutorial_cont_openworld","Your character is a man of flesh and blood and has to eat and sleep to survive and stay fit.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
It's not wise to ignore [hunger] - the longer you go without food, the weaker you get. If you fast long enough, you can even die!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
But one food is not like another - an apple won't fill you up like a roast duck, but it will stay fresh for longer. And some foods can be more effective for healing.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The opposite to hunger is [overeating]. Stuffing yourself like a pig has the advantage that you won’t need to eat for longer, but a full belly will slow you down and, like with hunger, your Stamina will regenerate more slowly. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can see whether you need to eat in the Player tab{ $ui_toggle_player;| $ui_open_inventory; $ui_controller_shoulder_r1;} under the picture of your character in the Nourishment stat. You can see whether you’re hungry or overstuffed not only in the Buffs tab, but also from the icon next to your health indicator:
<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_hunger_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_overeat_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' ></p><br/>
You also need to watch what you eat – if you eat or drink something that’s spoiled, you can get [food poisoning], which you can only cure by taking Antidote potion. You can tell you’ve been poisoned by the icon next to your health indicator.<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_food_poison_buff.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>"
"ui_tutorial_cont_pansky_urednik","[Hetman]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Originally the commander in some armed forces, with a rank equivalent to Captain. Later on the role became that of a civic Governor, selected from amongst the local nobility, who represented the monarch in a given territory.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Hofmeister]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>From the German ‘Hof’ meaning a court or manor, a hereditary office at the Royal Court. He was responsible for management of the Court.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Under-Chamberlain]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Along with the Chancellor, the Under-Chamberlains (in Latin Subcamerarius) was a member of the office represented the sovereign in the royal cities, such as proto-notaries or notaries.
<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Burgrave]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The representative of the sovereign and representative of provincial officials, of knightly status. His duties included management of the city and leading the army when needed.
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_pickpocket","Picking pockets is no joking matter. If you're caught with your fingers in someone else's purse, either by the victim or by a witness, they'll raise the alarm and you'll be pursued as a thief. In order to rob someone successfully, you first have to sneak up on them unnoticed and then by holding $use; begin pickpocketing.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Once you've got your hand inside your victim's purse, you have to grope around inside it by holding $use; That's not easy, especially if your victim is on the move. The longer you grope, the better your chances of finding the most valuable items. The progress of your groping is shown by the yellow indicator:<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/pickpocket_charge.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/> Once you decide you've searched long enough, you can choose from what you've found {$moveleft;|$ui_dp_left;} and {$moveright;|$ui_dp_right;} Each person has his own inventory, which you will gradually reveal using $use; and the most valuable items are usually at the very bottom. But remember: it's not enough to grasp the loot - you have to get your hand out with it too - that is, go back to the top position. The amount of time you have for taking items was determined at the beginning by the amount of time spent searching. This is shown on the gold progress bar around the circumference of the purse.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/pickpocket_minigame.dds' width='377 height='377' ></p>
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_reading","Reading was a very rare skill in the middle ages and a common blacksmith's son certainly wouldn't have been literate.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can open a book and try to make sense out of the glyphs, but in the end you will have to find someone who can teach you at least the basics of reading.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Once you've acquired the skill of reading, you should make use of it. You can read descriptive books if you wish:<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/613.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
But the true wealth of learning lies in skill books:<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/611.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
Of course, it's not entirely easy to learn from books - to fully understand the text, you have to have very good reading skills and read books repeatedly. The quality of your reading is also influenced by the environment you read in. Generally speaking, a place that's good for rest is also good for study. You can tell you've found a suitable place from the icon that appears next to your Health indicator:<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_reading_buff.dds' width='64' height='66' ></p>
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_repair","Your weapons, armour, clothing and other equipment become worn out and damaged with use. How quickly and easily depends not only on the quality of the items themselves, but also on how you use them. Wear and tear is less if you don’t let yourself get hacked to ribbons in combat, and the more skilled you are at using weapons, the less you’ll blunt and damage them in combat. So, like every good soldier, you should check on the condition of the equipment in your Inventory {$ui_toggle_inventory;|$ui_open_inventory;} from time to time and repair or replace things that aren’t up to scratch, which you will see from the lower number in the Quality column <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/inventory_health.dds' width='42' height='42' >If items are severely damaged, the value is shown in orange, while red numbers indicate a critical condition. Bloodied or dirty items are indicated by labels on their icons:<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_item_blood.dds' width='64' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_item_dirt.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>It’s best to have your equipment repaired by experts. A swordsmith will grind the nicks out of your sword edge, a plate armourer will beat the dents out of your cuirass and even a regular blacksmith can handle light repairs. You can take your ripped clothing to a tailor and scuffed boots to a cobbler, while the wenches at any bathhouse will wash the dirt and dried blood out of your clothes.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_map_weaponsmith.dds' width='64' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_map_armourer.dds' width='64' height='64' ><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_map_blacksmith.dds' width='64' height='64' ><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_map_tailor.dds' width='64' height='64' ><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_map_shoemaker.dds' width='64' height='64' ><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_map_baths.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p>
<br/>Of course, when you’re in the field pursuing an important mission, you won’t always have time to go to town and avail of the benefits of civilization. So, it’s wise to carry with you repair kits for your equipment – there’s one for arms, one for armour, one for clothing and another for footwear. Of course, you need to be able to use them, which means acquiring the skill of [Maintenance]. If your skill level is high enough, all you have to do is use the appropriate repair kit in the Inventory{$ui_toggle_inventory;|$ui_open_inventory;} on the damaged part of the equipment you want to fix.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/repairkit1.dds' width='64' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/repairkit3.dds' width='64' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/repairkit4.dds' width='64' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/repairkit2.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>If you want to maintain bladed weapons, you can save your repair kit and hone them yourself on a grinding wheel, which you can find at every smithy.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_map_sharpening_wheel.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p>
<br/>
To hone your weapon, go to the grinding wheel, start the process $use; and select which weapon to hone from the list.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The weapon must be honed along the whole length of the blade: to select which part use {$sword_position;|$xi_sword_position_r;}.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The blade must be held at the correct angle to the grinding wheel – too shallow and the edge won’t be sharpened; too steep and you can dull the blade even more. To control the angle use {$sword_rotation;|$xi_sword_rotation;}.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>You must exert the correct pressure to hone the edge (this depletes your stamina) using {$sword_pressure_up; and release it with $sword_pressure_down;|$xi_sword_pressure;}.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Meanwhile, you have to keep the stone turning by repeatedly pressing $xi_pedaling;.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Flying sparks tell you you’re honing properly, black smoke tells you you’re damaging the blade. A well-honed blade is smooth and shiny.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>When you’re dirty, you don’t have to rush immediately to the nearest bathhouse – you can have a quick wash by pressing $use; on the nearest water trough.

"
"ui_tutorial_cont_shadiness","All your actions have an impact on the way the people around you react to you. You can see the status of your reputation in the Player tab {$ui_toggle_player;|$ui_open_inventory; $ui_controller_shoulder_r1;} in the Reputation sub-tab. The better your reputation, the more friendly and helpful behaviour you can expect from others; people will talk to you more willingly, be easier to persuade or bribe and will offer you better prices in trades. <br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/location_reputation.dds' width='128' height='36' ></p><br/>Your reputation will be monitored in individual locations and you will see how it stands with the various factions of people you meet in each location by clicking on them. Every NPC belongs to at least one faction (sometimes to several at once) and you can be sure he or she will spread the word in the community about your good or bad behaviour.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Apart from your reputation in various parts of the world, your relations with particular individuals is also important. If you do or say something to please or offend a particular person, they will treat you differently that the others in their faction(s). <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Your reputation falls not only when you commit crimes or other unchristian deeds, but also when you intimidate people, refuse requests or lie to them (if you get caught out, of course!). You can restore your good name by helping the person in question or someone close to them, by paying generously or selling cheap in trades. If all else fails, time heals all wounds and people will eventually forget their grievances.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Crime and Punishment]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
All infringements of the law are punished and the severity of the punishment fits the crime. Theft will land you a fine and confiscation of the loot, while a killing will incur a much severer penalty. The nature of the penalty is shown by the icon next to the compass at the top of the screen: <br/><p align='center'>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/crimes.dds' width='128' height='64' ></p><br/>If someone sees you committing a crime, but you don’t get caught, you’re still not in the clear. Witnesses will remember you and if you return to the scene of the crime, there’s a strong chance the guards will still be on the lookout for you and will continue to pursue you. This is indicated by the punishment icon reappearing next to the compass on your return.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>When the catchpoles catch you, unless they want to kill you outright, they will confiscate all your loot and impose a penalty for all your known infringements of the law. Once you accept your punishment, all your known felonies in the location will deleted. If you find the punishment too harsh, you can try talking your way out of it. And if that doesn’t work, you can always resist arrest or take to your heels. Although once you take that course of action, the guards will take a harsher approach and try to stop you by force.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Your last option is to accept a jail sentence and serve the time for your crime. The downside to that is that rotting in a dungeon won’t do you much good.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The best way to avoid confrontation with the law is to keep your nose clean. And if you can’t be good, at least be careful – don’t get caught and don’t leave witnesses!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Stolen Goods]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Stolen goods you’re carrying are marked in your inventory as such.<br/><p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_item_stolen.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>If a guard finds them on you, he’ll always confiscate them. That can happen if you’re arrested or even during a routine search at the town gate during troubled times.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>Selling stolen goods to a dealer is another matter. There’s not much chance of anyone recognising a stolen apple or cabbage, but if you steal the Rattay Bailiff’s gold chain, it will stand out like a sore thumb not only in Rattay, but also for miles around. Whether your loot is recognised also depends on how close to the scene of the theft you try to sell it and how recently it was stolen. Once enough time goes by, people will forget about the stolen item even at the scene of the crime and may buy it back from you. So, the more valuable and rare a stolen item is, the further away and the later you sell it, the better.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>If your loot is really hot, it’s best to go to a known fence. For example, the millers have a reputation for being mixed up in shady deals.
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_shop","Launching shopping opens a special window that looks like a regular inventory window, but has only three tabs:<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Buy] contains all the goods in the vendor’s inventory.<br/>
[Sell] shows all the items in your inventory that you can sell to the trader in question. Bear in mind that traders only buy the type of goods they deal in.<br/>
[Basket] contains all the items you’ve selected either to buy or sell before finalising the deal.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/shop_tabs.dds' width='405' height='128' ></p><br/>
You can toggle between the tabs using {$ui_cycle_tabs;|$ui_controller_shoulder_l1; $ui_controller_shoulder_r1;} and you can take a shortcut to the Basket using $ui_reset;<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Next to the tabs is a window with a summary of information about the trade:<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Your reputation] shows your reputation with the present trader. The higher it is, the better your chances of getting a good price.<br/>
[Trader’s wealth] shows the total sum of money the trader has, and therefore the most that you can get by selling to him or her.<br/>
[Trading items for] shows the total value of the things you want to buy or sell.<br/>
[You pay / You get] shows how much you’ll pay (if buying), or receive (if selling) for the goods you selected. If the total price is shown in red, either you or the trader does not have enough money to close the deal. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can only close the deal using the Basket. You can adjust what you have in it, change the quantity of each item or put things back using $ui_reset;.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Pressing $ui_accept; confirms the deal. If either you or the trader does not have enough coin, the deal won’t be closed and you must adjust the items in your Basket.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
If you’re not satisfied with the final price (or you’re a little short of coin), you can hold $ui_accept; to haggle over the price.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Haggling]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Haggling works in both directions – whether you want to buy cheap or sell dear. In both cases, the bar is always set with the best price for you at the bottom, the usual price in the middle and above it scope for adding a tip to the trader when buying, or a discount when selling. If you or the trader doesn’t have enough money, the actual amount you have will replace the figures on the bar.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/haggle_tutorial.dds' width='128' height='371' ></p><br/>
You select the amount you want to give or receive {$ui_up;|$ui_dp_up;} a {$ui_down;|$ui_dp_down;} and confirm with $use; The trader will then respond to your offer. If the answer is a refusal, he or she will make a counter-offer and wait for your response.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
It’s always best to start haggling with a much higher or lower price than you expect to achieve. But you shouldn’t overdo it, because you can annoy your counterpart and end the haggling before it even starts. Even then, you must adhere to the unwritten laws of haggling.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
What’s more, dragging out the haggling with one offer after another will gradually try the trader’s patience and when they get really annoyed, they’ll drop the haggling completely and there will be no deal. You can see how close you’re getting to that point from the trader icon below the bar: the more gold there is in the background, the closer the trader is to dropping the haggling.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/haggle_angry.dds' width='256' height='85' ></p><br/>
Every unsuccessful bout of haggling lowers your reputation with the trader. On the contrary, if you tip the trader or give him or her a discount, your reputation will improve.

"
"ui_tutorial_cont_skills","As well as [Character Stats] you can improve your skills. This is done by using them repeatedly and there is nothing to stop you from developing them to the maximum. You will find them in the Player tab{ $ui_toggle_player;| $ui_open_inventory; $ui_controller_shoulder_r1;}. Your Combat skills are shown in a separate tab and all the others in the Skills tab.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> After your third level up of each Skill, you will be given the option to choose a Perk that in some way improves or alters the use of the given skill.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> [There are 7 combat skills:]<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_weapon_axe.dds' width='64' height='64' > Axe - makes you more proficient with an axe, effectively increasing your weapon stats when you equip an axe.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_weapon_bow.dds' width='64' height='64' > Bow - makes you more proficient with a bow and arrow, effectively increasing your weapon stats when you equip a bow.<br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_defense.dds' width='64' height='64' > Defence - makes you more difficult to wound, in effect increasing your armour rating.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_fencing.dds' width='64' height='64' > Warfare - increases your proficiency in hand-to-hand combat with a sword. It increases the time slots for blocks and attacks.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_weapon_mace.dds' width='64' height='64' > Mace - makes you more proficient with maces, effectively increasing your weapon stats when you equip a mace.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_weapon_sword.dds' width='64' height='64' > Sword - makes you more proficient with swords, effectively increasing your weapon stats when you equip a sword.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_weapon_unarmed.dds' width='64' height='64' > Unarmed combat - makes you more proficient when fighting with your fists, increasing the damage you make.<br/>&nbsp;<br/> [There are 10 non-combat skills:]<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_stealth.dds' width='64' height='64' > Stealth - allows you to avoid detection, in effect lowering your Visibility.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_horse_riding.dds' width='64' height='64' > Horse riding - allows you to ride faster and longer, in effect increasing your horse’s stats.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_lockpicking.dds' width='64' height='64' > Lockpicking - makes picking locks on doors or chests easier. The jitter and hardness of the locks is lowered and you can attempt picking the more difficult ones.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_pickpocketing.dds' width='64' height='64' > Pickpocketing - would make robbing other people on the street easier.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_alchemy.dds' width='64' height='64' > Alchemy - makes brewing potions easier. The time and order requirements are more relaxed and you can attempt to brew more complicated concoctions.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_repairing.dds' width='64' height='64' > Maintenance - allows you to repair your weapons at the grindstone. It makes it easier and faster to fix the damaged weapon.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_drinking.dds' width='64' height='64' > Drinking - makes you more resistant to nefarious effects of alcohol.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_hunter.dds' width='64' height='64' > Hunter - increases the amount of meat and other useful materials you recover from animals you kill.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_herbalism.dds' width='64' height='64' > Herbalism - allows you to collect more herbs with a single action. This means that you are able to gather plants more quickly and easily.<br/> <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_reading.dds' width='64' height='64' > Reading - influences the ability of your character to actually read books. Without it, any book is just gibberish to him. Higher Reading skill decreases the amount of time required to read and comprehend a book.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_houndmaster.dds' width='64' height='64' > A good Houndmaster understands dogs, his own most of all. The better you get at giving commands, the more your dog can learn and the better his stats will be. His default level of Obedience will also rise as you level up your Houndmaster skill.
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_sleep_wait","If you are tired, your Stamina and Speech will also decrease. The solution to [tiredness] is sleep.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
It’s best to find an available bed. We recommend renting or buying one in an inn, because sleeping in other people’s beds can get you into trouble. You can also sleep in one of the many camps, but sleeping somewhere in the woods certainly isn’t as restful as getting a good night’s sleep in a bed at a good inn. Places you can sleep can easily be seen on the Map {$ui_toggle_map;|$ui_open_map;}<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/poi_47.dds' width='64' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_map_hotel.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
To sleep, you first sit on the bed using $use; then launch sleep $sitting_sleep; and then set how long you want to sleep for. The sleep menu will show the effects of sleeping – how much you will be rested and how hungry you will get. If you’re not tired, you won’t be able to sleep; neither can you sleep so long that your hunger reaches the maximum. The longest you can sleep at one time is 12 hours.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can check how much you need to sleep in the Player tab { $ui_toggle_player;| $ui_open_inventory; $ui_controller_shoulder_r1;} in the Energy stat under the picture of Henry. You will be warned about your need to sleep both in the Buffs tab and by the icon next to your health indicator:<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_oversleep_buff.dds' width='60' height='64' ></p><br/>
If you have to wait for something, you can skip time by clicking $ui_open_skiptime; and, similarly to sleep, setting the time you want to wait. Beware, though! Unlike with sleep, your tiredness will increase along with your hunger during skip time! 
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_stats","During the course of the game, you will improve your stats, which you can find in the Player tab{ $ui_toggle_player;| $ui_open_inventory; $ui_controller_shoulder_r1;}. These improvements come automatically simply by playing and all can be developed to the maximum. There are no obstacles or situations that would prevent such improvements of selected abilities.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
With levelling-up of the given stats, you will get the option to select one of the perks that in some way improves an ability or changes the way it functions. You can select the perks in the Player tab{ $ui_toggle_player;| $ui_open_inventory; $ui_controller_shoulder_r1;}.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[There are four primary stats:]<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_strength.dds' width='64' height='64' > Strength defines how well you can handle physical challenges. Greater strength makes it possible to wield heavier weapons and wear heavier armour. Each level-up also significantly increases the capacity of your inventory. Strength is the basic stat influencing your combat ability and combat, in turn, also increases strength.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_agility.dds' width='64' height='64' > Agility is a measure of speed, movement and dexterity. A more agile character can not only move faster, but also more easily evade attacks, fight more skilfully with demanding weapons, such as a sabre, and shoot better with a bow. Archery, like other forms of combat, increases agility.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_vitality.dds' width='64' height='64' > Vitality influences the character’s endurance – how much wounding you can endure, how long you can sprint and how often you need to eat or sleep. With increased vitality, stamina and its speed of regeneration also grow. You can train your vitality by running, overcoming physical obstacles and demanding combat.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_speech.dds' width='64' height='64' > Speech determines the character’s rhetorical skill and eloquence. The more you talk to people, the more eloquent you become. Becoming a better speaker means you can avoid conflicts before they even start, your haggling is more efficient and you can disarm someone by argument who you wouldn’t be able to beat in combat.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[There are also derivative stats:]<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_charisma.dds' width='64' height='64' > Charisma is a measure of how you can impress people. Fast talk will get you only so far, fancy clothes and ornaments can give you that extra bit of stature you need.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_visibility.dds' width='64' height='64' > Visibility is the opposite of camouflage. It tells you how easy you are to spot. This is not the same thing as conspicuousness: a pitch-dark garb is not very visible, but very conspicuous once spotted. The lower the better; you are invisible once this reach zero.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_conspic.dds' width='64' height='64' > Conspicuousness is a measure of how you stand out in the usual environment; in other words if you warrant a second look from anyone who can see you. It is derived from your clothes. The lower the better; with very low conspicuousness people will mostly ignore you even when spotted.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_noise.dds' width='64' height='64' > Noise: The more Noise you make the more likely you are to be discovered whenever you move. Noise is derived from your clothing and weapons you have equipped.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_speed.dds' width='64' height='64' > Speed determines how fast you can walk, run and sprint. It is derived from your Agility and your overall encumbrance.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
The game also contains [buffs and debuffs], which either improve or worsen your character’s abilities in some way. You can find them in the Player panel{ $ui_toggle_player;| $ui_open_inventory; $ui_controller_shoulder_r1;} in the Buffs tab. The most common include hunger, tiredness, bleeding, drunkenness and overloading. 
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_stavebni_hut","Construction works arose around every major building site, employing stonemasons, carpenters, bricklayers, blacksmiths, freight haulers, stone cutters, ropers, pillar makers, coopers, and so on. Sundry labour was done by unskilled hirelings. Stone or wooden elements and auxiliary structures were made directly on site. The place where the construction works was called a courtyard. Artisans often use specialized tools such as wooden lifting machines, winches, hoists and cranes powered by hand or by means of large treadwheels.
 <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Construction works assembled a great many workers, who became bonded together by natural and informal ties. The community of workers also provided ample custom for the surrounding merchants and innkeepers, and most of the workers would live in the vicinity for the duration of the building project, which often lasted years. The Master Builder was in charge – allocating tasks, leading the construction process and negotiating with the owner or patron of the building. 
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_stealth","In these harsh times, people are wary of anything out of the ordinary. If you step inside someone's house uninvited, for example, they will first [warn] you that you've no business there, but if you do anything untoward there, they will immediately call for a guard.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/trespass2.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
You'd better not get caught at all in sensitive places like the armoury or some noble's chambers. If that happens, there'll be no warning at all and the catchpoles will immediately try to place you under [arrest].<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/trespass1.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
Only, sometimes you will need to sneak into such places unobserved, or while avoiding conflict. For that, you will need the skill of [Stealth].<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_stealth.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
Skill alone won't make you invisible, though. If you stand out like a sore thumb, or rattle like a tinker's wagon, you're bound to get caught. You have to take care that no one sees or hears you.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
To stay out of sight, it helps to crouch $toggle_crouch;. But that in itself is not enough. Crouching in the middle of the town square in broad daylight is more likely to attract attention than to avoid it!<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
To make yourself less noticeable, you should choose appropriate clothing for the situation. Black clothing at night will make you less visible, but in broad daylight will more likely attract suspicion.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
And of course you don't want to be heard either. The right footwear will dampen the sound of your footsteps even on a noisy surface, and the less metal elements you have in your attire, the less you will jingle. It's also important to avoid noisy actions, such as breaking a lockpick or starting a dog barking.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Your chances of successful stealth can be determined from the stats [Visibility], [Conspic(uousness)] and [Noise], which depend on the properties of the individual items of your attire - the lower the value, the better. You'll find these in the table beneath the figure of your character.<br/>
<p align='center'><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_visibility.dds' width='64' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_conspic.dds' width='64' height='64' > <img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_noise.dds' width='64' height='64' ></p><br/>
There's more than one way to skin a cat, of course. If you can get hold of the outfit of a particular faction, you can skip the stealth altogether and walk boldly into places where you would otherwise be very unwelcome. The more items of the other faction's attire you have on you, the more inconspicuous you'll be. The most convincing garments are ones that stand out, such as a tabard, and helmets that cover your face.
"
"ui_tutorial_cont_surrender","[Surrender in Combat]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Life is God’s gift and combat doesn’t always have to end in death! So when it’s clear that a combatant is beaten, he always has the option to surrender honourably, and the honourable response is to accept his surrender.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
If someone yields to your mercy, it’s up to you to decide how to deal with them. You can simply let them go, or refuse to accept the surrender and finish the fight. Another option common in the middle ages is to accept your opponent’s surrender for a price – either money or equipment.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
Similarly, you can also surrender in combat using {$surrender;|$surrender_xi_modifier;+$surrender_xi_activate;} and hope your opponent respects knightly virtues. You can only surrender at a range of up to a few metres. You will always see the interactor <br/>&nbsp;<br/>Interactor {$surrender;|$surrender_xi_modifier;+$surrender_xi_activate;} on guards, but not on other foes, which doesn't mean that you can't surrender to them. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>You can't surrender to all adversaries though, for example to bandits or Cumans. Neither will you be able to surrender to a mortal enemy with whom you have a very low reputation.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>If you surrender to someone once, you will only be able to surrender to the same person again after some time has passed.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
[Surrendering to Guards]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
If a guard, catchpole or other figure of authority challenges you to surrender or to agree to a personal search, you can do so using {$surrender;|$surrender_xi_modifier;+$surrender_xi_activate;}. But you’d better decide quick, because the guardians of the law have little patience in these troubled times and they won’t hesitate to use force if you don’t cooperate."
"ui_tutorial_cont_talking","Sometimes you need powers of persuasion to achieve your goals. When talking to people, you can often choose what kind of impression you want to make on them.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_prompt_2.dds' width='40' height='40' > You can simply use Speech, which, however, is influenced by the reputation you have at that moment with the person you’re talking to.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_prompt_3.dds' width='40' height='40' > But in the middle ages, social status was paramount, so the quality of your attire and how well-groomed you are, together with your reputation, can make a big difference to how people respond to you.<br/><img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_prompt_1.dds' width='40' height='40' > If you look dangerous, people will be afraid to cross you and will also be more willing to assign risky tasks to you. The main factors influencing that are Strength and the deterrent effect of your weapons and equipment, but other things are also taken into account, such as blood stains on your clothes.<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/icon_prompt_4.dds' width='40' height='40' > If sweet-talking fails, you can always rely on money to do the talking for you. You just have to agree on a persuasive sum. Bribing  people works in the same way as shopping (see the Trade and Haggling tutorial).<br/>
<img src='img://Libs/UI/Textures/Dynamic/ico_player_horse_riding.dds' width='64' height='64' > In special cases, you can try any of your other skills, e.g. Horsemanship.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
But watch out – different approaches work on different people. You won’t intimidate a tough brawler easily and no matter how well you dress, the nobility can smell a peasant a mile off.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>
In this game, your character’s abilities aren’t simply assigned a universal value – they are compared with the abilities of his opponent. So if your Speech is no match for a trader’s well-oiled tongue, you can always slip him some poison to take the edge of his eloquence. Or if you lure a guard away from his companions, it will be easier to intimidate him. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>
You can see the values of the various abilities in the game under the corresponding icons. You can always can see your own abilities. Your counterparts’ abilities are visible to you if you know them well enough or are skilled at reading people.<br/>&nbsp;<br/>"
"ui_tutorial_cont_tournament","Sir Hanush of Leipa has instituted a regular tournament on the courtyard of Rattay Upper Castle. The all-day tourney gives commoners a chance of winning not only a fat purse, but also glory and recognition in the region. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>You’ll be reminded of the upcoming tourney by a waypoint on the map, an entry in your journal and the chat of the local innkeepers. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>If you want to enter, all you need to do is pay a small fee to the Herold, who’s in charge of the whole event. You don’t even have to have your own weapons or armour – the competition is intended to test the skill of the participants, so everyone gets the same equipment at the start. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>[Procedure and Rules]<br/>&nbsp;<br/>The tournament is a knockout competition. The number of rounds depends on the number of competitors – usually it’s enough to win three rounds in a row to emerge victorious. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>To win a round, you must beat your opponent in two duels with each of you choosing the weapons in one duel. If the result is a draw, a third duel will be fought to decide the winner, this time with Sir Hanush choosing the weapons. The chosen weapons will not be repeated in a single round. <br/>&nbsp;<br/>While the tourney is not intended for nobles, chivalrous behaviour is still expected and the rules must be obeyed. The most important one is that a combatant must not attack an opponent who has already lost. Therefore, if you want to yield, you must let your adversary and the Herold know immediately. Secondly, leaving the arena means forfeiting the duel. "
"ui_ukrainian","український"
"ui_UltraHigh","Ultra high"
"ui_unavailable","Unavailable"
"ui_UnsavedProgressLost","Your unsaved progress will be lost!"
"ui_VegetationDetail","Vegetation detail"
"ui_VegetationDetailTT","Sets foliage quality and draw distance."
"ui_VeryHigh","Very high"
"ui_VideoVolume","Video"
"ui_vis_cons","Vis./Conspic."
"ui_visibility","Visibility"
"ui_VoiceVolume","Voice and cut-scene volume"
"ui_VolumetricEffectsDetail","Volumetric effects detail"
"ui_VolumetricEffectsDetailTT","Enables and sets light quality and dust particles in window light."
"ui_VSync","VSync"
"ui_VSyncTT","Vertical synchronization eliminates screen tearing but causes slight input lag."
"ui_WaterDetail","Water details"
"ui_WaterDetailTT","Adjusts tessellation quality, shader complexity and caustics resolution."
"ui_wear","Wear"
"ui_weight","Weight"
"ui_WindowMode","Window mode"
"ui_Yes","Yes"
"ui_you_break_schedule","You're neglecting your daily schedule!"
"ui_your_wealth","Your wealth"
"user_changed","Profile changed. Returning to title screen."
"user_changed_caption","Profile changed"
"you_are_caffeine_full","PLACEHOLDER: caffeine"
"you_are_full","You're stuffed. Wait until you've digested your food."
